The Controversial Role of Human Gut Lachnospiraceae

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(4), С. 573 - 573

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2020

The complex polymicrobial composition of human gut microbiota plays a key role in health and disease. Lachnospiraceae belong to the core microbiota, colonizing intestinal lumen from birth increasing, terms species richness their relative abundances during host's life. Although, members are among main producers short-chain fatty acids, different taxa also associated with intra- extraintestinal diseases. Their impact on host physiology is often inconsistent across studies. Here, we discuss changes according With aim harnessing promote health, analyze how nutrients diet can influence growth metabolites can, turn, physiology.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease

Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 11(1), С. 1 - 10

Опубликована: Дек. 29, 2017

Язык: Английский

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The Effect of Probiotics on the Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids by Human Intestinal Microbiome

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(4), С. 1107 - 1107

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2020

The relationship between diet and the diversity function of intestinal microbiome its importance for human health is currently subject many studies. type proportion microorganisms found in intestines can determine energy balance host. Intestinal perform important functions, one which participation metabolic processes, e.g., production short-chain fatty acids—SCFAs (also called volatile acids). These acids represent main carbon flow from to host microbiome. Maintaining necessary maintain host's normal prevent diseases. results studies confirm beneficial effect probiotic on produced metabolites, including SCFAs. aim this review summarize what known effects probiotics by gut microbes. In addition, mechanism formation properties these metabolites discussed verified test confirming effectiveness nutrition modulating SCFAs presented.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota and human NAFLD: disentangling microbial signatures from metabolic disorders

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 17(5), С. 279 - 297

Опубликована: Март 9, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Intestinal microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids regulation of immune cell IL-22 production and gut immunity

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2020

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and CD4+ T produce IL-22, which is critical for intestinal immunity. The microbiota central to IL-22 production in the intestines; however, factors that regulate by ILCs are not clear. Here, we show microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) promote through G-protein receptor 41 (GPR41) inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC). SCFAs upregulate promoting aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) expression, differentially regulated mTOR Stat3. HIF1α binds directly Il22 promoter, increase binding promoter modification. SCFA supplementation enhances production, protects intestines from inflammation. human cell production. These findings establish roles of inducing maintain homeostasis.

Язык: Английский

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Roles for Intestinal Bacteria, Viruses, and Fungi in Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Therapeutic Approaches

Gastroenterology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 152(2), С. 327 - 339.e4

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Association with Signalling Pathways in Inflammation, Glucose and Lipid Metabolism

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(17), С. 6356 - 6356

Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2020

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly acetate, propionate and butyrate, are mainly produced by anaerobic fermentation of gut microbes. SCFAs play an important role in regulating energy metabolism supply, as well maintaining the homeostasis intestinal environment. In recent years, many studies have shown that demonstrate physiologically beneficial effects, signalling pathways related to SCFA production, absorption, metabolism, effects been discovered. Two major concerning SCFAs, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRCs) histone deacetylases (HDACs), recognized. this review, we summarize advances biological properties inflammation glucose lipid metabolism.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on the Gut Microbiota

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 18(12), С. 2645 - 2645

Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2017

Long-term dietary habits play a crucial role in creating host-specific gut microbiota community humans. Despite the many publications about effects of carbohydrates (prebiotic fibers), impact fats, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), on is less well defined. The few studies completed adults showed some common changes after PUFA supplementation. In particular, decrease Faecalibacterium, often associated with an increase Bacteroidetes and butyrate-producing bacteria belonging to Lachnospiraceae family, has been observed. Coincidentally, dysbiosis these taxa found patients inflammatory bowel disease. Omega-3 PUFAs can exert positive action by reverting composition diseases, production anti-inflammatory compounds, like short-chain acids. addition, accumulating evidence animal model indicates that interplay between microbiota, acids, immunity helps maintain intestinal wall integrity interacts host immune cells. Finally, human have highlighted ability influence gut–brain axis, acting through composition. From findings, importance connection emerges, encouraging further studies.

Язык: Английский

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Role of Gut Microbiota-Generated Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health

Current Nutrition Reports, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 7(4), С. 198 - 206

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2018

This review assesses the latest evidence linking short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) with host metabolic health and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk presents on possible biological mechanisms. SCFA have a range of effects locally in gut at both splanchnic peripheral tissues which together appear to induce improved regulation direct indirect markers CVD risk. produced primarily from microbial fermentation dietary fibre be key mediators beneficial elicited by microbiome. Not only does regulate activity gut, also directly modulate through tissue-specific mechanisms related barrier function, glucose homeostasis, immunomodulation, appetite obesity. With increasing burden obesity worldwide, role for microbiota-generated protecting against energy dense diets offers an intriguing new avenue regulating

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids promote Th1 cell IL-10 production to maintain intestinal homeostasis

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2018

T-cells are crucial in maintanence of intestinal homeostasis, however, it is still unclear how microbiota metabolites regulate T-effector cells. Here we show gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) promote antigen-specific Th1 cell IL-10 production, mediated by G-protein coupled receptors 43 (GPR43). Microbiota Gpr43-/- CBir1 transgenic (Tg) cells, specific for antigen flagellin, induce more severe colitis compared with wide type (WT) Tg cells Rag-/- recipient mice. Treatment SCFAs limits induction promoting and administration anti-IL-10R antibody promotes development. Mechanistically, activate STAT3 mTOR, consequently upregulate transcription factor B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1), which mediates SCFA-induction IL-10. SCFA-treated Blimp1-/- produce less to WT Our studies, thus, provide insight into functions maintain homeostasis.

Язык: Английский

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