Advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and care (AMDTC) book series,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown, С. 27 - 64
Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2024
Nanomaterials
possess
different
properties
that
make
them
suitable
for
application
in
numerous
fields.
Nonetheless,
their
toxicity,
especially
neurotoxic
propensity,
is
a
considerable
area
of
investigation.
In
this
chapter,
nanomaterial
neurotoxicity
reviewed
detail,
with
an
emphasis
on
assessing
levels
exposure
or
routes
entry
to
brain
cells,
mechanisms
by
which
they
cause
damage,
and
specific
types
damage.
addition,
vitro,
ex
vivo,
vivo
models
used
measure
are
described.
This
chapter
provides
discussion
matter
considering
challenges
terms
characterization,
risk
assessment,
regulatory
aspects.
concludes
underscoring
the
importance
toxicological
prediction
safe-by-design
solutions.
Future
research
should
address
long-term
effects
using
nanomaterials
means
preventing
neurotoxicity.
Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(4), С. 443 - 443
Опубликована: Март 22, 2024
Neurological
disorders
are
the
second
cause
of
death
and
leading
disability
worldwide.
Unfortunately,
no
cure
exists
for
these
disorders,
but
actual
therapies
only
able
to
ameliorate
people’s
quality
life.
Thus,
there
is
an
urgent
need
test
potential
therapeutic
approaches.
Brain
organoids
a
possible
valuable
tool
in
study
brain,
due
their
ability
reproduce
different
brain
regions
maturation
stages;
they
can
be
used
also
as
disease
modelling
target
identification
neurological
disorders.
Recently,
have
been
drug-screening
processes,
even
if
several
limitations
overcome.
This
review
focuses
on
description
organoid
development
discussing
advantages,
challenges,
use
modeling
diseases.
We
highlighted
testing
novel
Finally,
we
examine
challenges
future
directions
improve
process.
Abstract
Background
and
Objective
The
updated
World
Health
Organization
(WHO)
air
quality
guideline
recommends
an
annual
mean
concentration
of
fine
particulate
matter
(PM2.5)
not
exceeding
5
or
15
μg/m
3
in
the
short‐term
(24
h)
for
no
more
than
3–4
days
annually.
However,
90%
global
population
is
currently
exposed
to
daily
concentrations
surpassing
these
limits,
especially
during
extreme
weather
conditions
due
transboundary
dust
transport
influenced
by
climate
change.
Herein,
effect
respirable
<PM2.5
inorganic
silica
particle
exposures
on
epithelial
barrier
integrity
was
simultaneously
evaluated
within
biomimetic
microfluidic
platform‐based
airway
(AEB)‐on‐a‐chip
human
bronchoscopic
ex
vivo
tissue
models,
comparatively.
Methods
Silica
particles
at
average
size
1
μm,
referred
as
<PM2.5,
dose‐dependently
tested
MTT
LDH
analyses.
elicited
dose
800
μg/mL
applied
cells
(Calu‐3)
seeded
membrane
air–liquid
interface
AEB‐on‐a‐chip
platform,
which
operated
under
static
dynamic
bronchoscopy
bronchial
slices
72
h.
For
both
healthy
groups
were
comparatively
investigated.
Computational
fluid
dynamics
simulations
performed
assess
shear
stress
profiles
different
flow
conditions.
Qualitative
quantitative
analyses
carried
out
evaluate
resilience
via
cell
survivability,
morphology,
integrity,
permeability,
inflammation.
Results
In
exposure
PM2.5
disrupted
AEB
increasing
decreasing
adhesion‐barrier
markers
such
ZO‐1
,
Vinculin
ACE2
CD31
impaired
viability
increased
expression
levels
proinflammatory
markers;
IFNs
IL‐6
IL‐1s
TNF‐α
CD68
CD80
Inos
mostly
Besides,
decreased
viability,
β‐catenin
E‐cadherin
also
response
with
elevated
IL‐1
α,
IFN‐Ɣ
markers,
observed
after
tissue.
Conclusion
duration
that
can
be
natural
events
aligns
our
model
(0–800
h).
At
this
level
exposure,
demonstrated
platform
emulating
forces
body
biopsy
slices.
Lung‐on‐a‐chip
models
will
serve
reliable
context.
Advanced Materials Technologies,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025
Abstract
Human
brain
organoids,
which
originate
from
pluripotent
stem
cells,
serve
as
valuable
tools
for
a
wide
range
of
research
endeavors,
replicating
function.
Their
capacity
to
replicate
cellular
interactions,
morphology,
and
division
provides
invaluable
insights
into
development,
disease
modeling,
drug
screening.
However,
conventional
morphological
analysis
methods
are
often
invasive
lack
real‐time
monitoring
capabilities,
posing
limitations
achieving
comprehensive
understanding.
Therefore,
advancing
the
comprehension
organoid
electrophysiology
necessitates
development
minimally
measurement
technologies
with
long‐term,
high‐resolution
capabilities.
This
review
highlights
significance
human
organoids
emphasizes
need
electrophysiological
characterization.
It
delves
assessment
methods,
particularly
focusing
on
3D
microelectrode
arrays,
electrode
insertion
mechanisms,
importance
flexible
arrays
facilitate
recordings.
Additionally,
various
sensors
tailored
monitor
properties
introduced,
enriching
understanding
their
chemical,
thermal,
mechanical
dynamics.
Cyborg and Bionic Systems,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025
Three-dimensional
(3D)
neural
cultures
are
increasingly
recognized
for
their
complexity
and
resemblance
to
in
vivo
microenvironments.
In
this
paper,
we
present
a
novel
3D
cell
culturing
noninvasive
characterization
technique
of
spheroids.
Based
on
embedded
platinum
wires,
the
cultured
cells
lollipop-shaped
spheroids
where
axons
extended
integrated
around
wires.
Electrical
microstimulation
enhanced
connectivity
between
demonstrated
signal
propagation
among
them.
The
resultant
axonal
elongation
facilitated
formation
robust
tracts
interconnecting
Variation
cells'
density
allows
adjust
spheroid's
diameter,
identifying
1
million
as
good
number
spheroid
formation.
Recordings
activities
reveal
higher-quality
measurement
from
interior
compared
those
obtained
exterior
cells.
Viability
assays
confirmed
efficacy
proposed
sustained
growth
over
1-month
period.
holds
potential
applications
various
fields,
such
development
brain
organoids,
which
enables
real-time
interconnection
sensing
environment
conditions.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 17, 2025
Abstract
Brain-machine
interfaces
(BMIs)
predominantly
rely
on
static
digital
architectures
to
decode
biological
neuronal
networks,
a
paradigm
that
is
incompatible
with
natural
neural
coding
in
the
human
brain
1–4
.
Bridging
this
gap
critical
step
combating
dysfunction,
enhancing
functionality,
and
refining
precision
of
neuroprosthetics
5
The
integration
organoids
microelectrode
array
(MEA),
as
class
BMIs,
offers
humanized
vitro
platform
unique
compatibility
advantages
for
dynamic
decoding.
This
study
resolves
biological-electronic
encoding
incompatibility
organoid-MEA
Integration
through
three
progressive
breakthroughs.
First,
human-machine
hybrid
agent
developed
newly
proposed
bioengineered
couples
together
high-density
MEAs
computational
chips,
enabling
closed-loop
perturbation
networks
via
exogenous
signals.
Second,
plasticity-driven
real-time
tracking
activity,
we
establish
dynamically
reconfigurable
stimulation
nodes
self-align
electrophysiological
states
organoids.
exogenous-endogenous
mismatch
by
implementing
adaptation
principles
ensure
spatially
adaptive
coordination.
Finally,
shared
plasticity
rules
rather
than
centralized
control,
construct
first
scalable
multi-agent
interaction
system
(MAIS)
demonstrate
its
real-world
applications.
Through
designed
scenarios
pathological/normal
network
interaction,
validate
MAIS
achieves
stable
cross-network
embodies
self-evolving
sandbox
which
decoding
bridges
gaps
between
systems,
providing
foundational
infrastructure
human-centered
interfaces.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
19
Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2025
The
modeling
of
psychiatric
disorders
poses
significant
challenges
due
to
the
complex
nature
these
conditions,
which
encompass
a
range
neuropsychiatric
diseases
such
as
autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD),
schizophrenia
(SCZ),
bipolar
(BD),
post-traumatic
stress
(PTSD),
anxiety
(AD)
and
depression.
rising
global
prevalence
mental
urgency
for
more
effective
treatments
have
propelled
development
innovative
in
vitro
models.
This
review
presents
thorough
examination
two-dimensional
(2D)
versus
three-dimensional
(3D)
induced
pluripotent
stem
cell
(iPSC)
models
diseases,
offering
insights
into
their
respective
capacities
mimic
neurodevelopment
cellular
phenotypes
observed
conditions.
Our
comparative
analysis
reveals
that
while
traditional
2D
cultures
been
instrumental
elucidating
disease
pathways
high-throughput
drug
screening,
they
fall
short
replicating
intricate
architecture
environment
human
brain.
On
other
hand,
3D
organoid
models,
including
brain
organoids,
better
recapitulate
spatial
organization,
cell-type
diversity,
functional
connectivity
tissue,
physiologically
relevant
context
studying
mechanisms
testing
therapeutic
interventions.
We
assess
progress
ASD,
SCZ,
BD,
PTSD,
AD,
depression,
highlighting
advanced
understanding
etiology
potential
treatment
avenues
offered
by
iPSC
technologies.
Challenges
remain,
scalability,
reproducibility,
maturation
but
personalized
medicine
elucidation
ontogeny
is
unparalleled.
concludes
with
perspective
on
future
directions
modeling,
emphasizing
integration
technologies
computational
approaches
enhance
our
debilitating
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2025
With
the
rapid
advancement
of
biomaterials
and
tissue
engineering
technologies,
organoid
research
its
applications
have
made
significant
strides.
Organoids
are
increasingly
utilized
in
pharmacology,
regenerative
medicine,
precision
clinical
medicine.
Current
trends
moving
toward
multifunctional
composite
three-dimensional
cultivation
dynamic
strategies.
Key
technologies
driving
this
evolution,
including
3D
printing
microfluidics,
continue
to
impact
new
areas
discovery
relevance.
This
review
provides
a
systematic
overview
these
emerging
trends,
discussing
strengths
limitations
critical
offering
insight
directions
for
professionals
working
field.
BMB Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
57(7), С. 311 - 317
Опубликована: Июль 3, 2024
Brain
organoid
is
a
three-dimensional
(3D)
tissue
derived
from
stem
cells
such
as
induced
pluripotent
(iPSCs)
embryonic
(ESCs)
that
reflect
real
human
brain
structure.
It
replicates
the
complexity
and
development
of
brain,
enabling
studies
in
vitro.
With
emerging
technologies,
its
application
various,
including
disease
modeling
drug
screening.
A
variety
experimental
methods
have
been
used
to
study
structural
molecular
characteristics
organoids.
However,
electrophysiological
analysis
necessary
understand
their
functional
complexity.
Although
approaches
rapidly
advanced
for
monolayered
cells,
there
are
some
limitations
studying
neural
network
due
lack
3D
characteristics.
Herein,
measurement
analytical
related
organoids
reviewed.
Overall,
understanding
allows
us
overcome
monolayer
vitro
cell
culture
models,
providing
deep
insights
into
complex
new
ways
modeling.
[BMB
Reports
2024;
57(7):
311-317].
The
modeling
of
psychiatric
disorders
poses
significant
challenges
due
to
the
complex
nature
these
conditions,
which
encompass
a
range
neuropsychiatric
diseases
such
as
autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD),
schizophrenia
(SCZ),
bipolar
(BD),
post-traumatic
stress
(PTSD),
anxiety
and
depression.
rising
global
prevalence
mental
urgency
for
more
effective
treatments
have
propelled
development
innovative
in
vitro
models.
This
review
presents
thorough
examination
two-dimensional
(2D)
versus
three-dimensional
(3D)
induced
pluripotent
stem
cell
(iPSC)
models
diseases,
offering
insights
into
their
respective
capacities
mimic
neurodevelopment
cellular
phenotypes
observed
conditions.
Our
comparative
analysis
reveals
that
while
traditional
2D
cultures
been
instrumental
elucidating
disease
pathways
high-throughput
drug
screening,
they
fall
short
replicating
intricate
architecture
environment
human
brain.
On
other
hand,
3D
organoid
models,
including
brain
organoids,
better
recapitulate
spatial
organization,
cell-type
diversity,
functional
connectivity
tissue,
physiologically
relevant
context
studying
mechanisms
testing
therapeutic
interventions.
We
assess
progress
ASD,
Schizophrenia,
Bipolar
Disorder,
PTSD,
depression,
highlighting
advanced
understanding
etiology
potential
treatment
avenues
offered
by
iPSC
technologies.
Challenges
remain,
scalability,
reproducibility,
maturation
but
personalized
medicine
elucidation
ontogeny
is
unparalleled.
concludes
with
perspective
on
future
directions
modeling,
emphasizing
integration
technologies
computational
approaches
enhance
our
debilitating
