The flesh texture of teleost fish: Characteristics and interventional strategies

Reviews in Aquaculture, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(1), С. 508 - 535

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2023

Abstract With the growing demand of consumers for high‐quality aquatic products, controlling harvest quality farmed fish is becoming increasingly important in aquaculture industry. The texture a sensory property that covers group attributes, such as firmness, tenderness, chewiness, adhesiveness, resilience, etc., which greatly determine consumers' perception and satisfaction flesh products. Regarding quality, extensive research has been conducted recent decades based on its related theories, influencing factors, intervention strategies. However, information available largely scattered disjointed. Essentially, mainly determined by collective contribution three major muscle components: fibres, intramuscular connective tissue, fat. Therefore, changing these components living animals through nutritional management factors potential to modulate quality. Here, we briefly introduced features development mentioned above, particularly their contributions flesh. Exciting promises manipulate dietary intervention, feed restriction, exercise training were also discussed. To ensure applications large‐scale facilities, specific considerations regimens should be incorporated experimental design parameters, including species age fish, system, experiment duration, intensity. Finally, existing challenges limitations studies presented, along with some viewpoints about current work future directions this field.

Язык: Английский

---

Tissue fibrosis induced by radiotherapy: current understanding of the molecular mechanisms, diagnosis and therapeutic advances

Journal of Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2023

Abstract Cancer remains the leading cause of death around world. In cancer treatment, over 50% patients receive radiotherapy alone or in multimodal combinations with other therapies. One adverse consequences after radiation exposure is occurrence radiation-induced tissue fibrosis (RIF), which characterized by abnormal activation myofibroblasts and excessive accumulation extracellular matrix. This phenotype can manifest multiple organs, such as lung, skin, liver kidney. In-depth studies on mechanisms have shown that a variety signals immune cells release cytokines, intracellular cGAS/STING, oxidative stress response, metabolic reprogramming proteasome pathway are involved myofibroblasts. Tissue extremely harmful to patients' health requires early diagnosis. addition traditional serum markers, histologic imaging tests, diagnostic potential nuclear medicine techniques emerging. Anti-inflammatory antioxidant therapies treatments for fibrosis. Recently, some promising therapeutic strategies emerged, stem cell therapy targeted However, incomplete knowledge hinders treatment this disease. Here, we also highlight mechanistic, directions

Язык: Английский

---

Amino acid nutrition and metabolism in domestic cats and dogs

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2023

Abstract Domestic cats and dogs are carnivores that have evolved differentially in the nutrition metabolism of amino acids. This article highlights both proteinogenic nonproteinogenic Dogs inadequately synthesize citrulline (the precursor arginine) from glutamine, glutamate, proline small intestine. Although most breeds potential for adequately converting cysteine into taurine liver, a proportion (1.3%–2.5%) Newfoundland fed commercially available balanced diets exhibit deficiency possibly due to gene mutations. Certain (e.g., golden retrievers) more prone lower hepatic activities dioxygenase sulfinate decarboxylase. De novo synthesis arginine is very limited cats. Thus, concentrations feline milk greatest among domestic mammals. Compared with dogs, greater endogenous nitrogen losses higher dietary requirements many acids arginine, taurine, cysteine, tyrosine), less sensitive acid imbalances antagonisms. Throughout adulthood, may lose 34% 21% their lean body mass, respectively. Adequate intakes high-quality protein (i.e., 32% 40% animal aging cats, respectively; dry matter basis) recommended alleviate aging-associated reductions mass function skeletal muscles bones. Pet-food grade animal-sourced foodstuffs excellent sources can help optimize growth, development, health.

Язык: Английский

---

ROS scavenging activity of polydopamine nanoparticle-loaded supramolecular gelatin-based hydrogel promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 259, С. 129228 - 129228

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Proline Analogues

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 124(13), С. 8130 - 8232

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024

Within the canonical repertoire of amino acid involved in protein biogenesis, proline plays a unique role as an presenting modified backbone rather than side-chain. Chemical structures that mimic but introduce changes into its specific molecular features are defined analogues. This review article summarizes existing chemical, physicochemical, and biochemical knowledge about this peculiar family structures. We group analogues from following compounds: substituted prolines, unsaturated fused structures, ring size homologues, heterocyclic, e.g., pseudoproline, bridged proline-resembling overview (1) occurrence nature their chemical synthesis, (2) physicochemical properties including conformation

Язык: Английский

---

The “ideal protein” concept is not ideal in animal nutrition

Experimental Biology and Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 247(13), С. 1191 - 1201

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2022

Amino acids (AAs) are required for syntheses of proteins and low-molecular-weight substances with enormous physiological importance. Since 1912, AAs have been classified as nutritionally essential amino (EAAs) or nonessential (NEAAs) animals. EAAs those that either not synthesized insufficiently de novo in the organisms. It was assumed all NEAAs (now known synthesizable animal cells [AASAs]) were formed sufficiently animals needed diets. However, studies over past three decades shown sufficient dietary AASAs (e.g. glutamine, glutamate, glycine, proline) necessary maximum growth optimum health pigs, chickens, fish. Thus, concept “ideal protein” (protein an optimal EAA pattern precisely meets needs animals), which originally proposed 1950s but ignored AASAs, is ideal nutrition. Ideal diets must provide physiologically AAs. Improved patterns swine chickens well zoo companion recent years. Animal-sourced feedstuffs supply abundant (including proline, 4-hydroxyproline, taurine) swine, poultry, fish, crustaceans to improve their growth, development, reproduction, health, while sustaining global production. Nutritionists should move beyond consider ratios amounts proteinogenic mammals, birds, aquatic animals, and, case carnivores, also taurine.

Язык: Английский

---

Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis of the intestine of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) under hypoxia stress

Aquaculture Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 25, С. 101261 - 101261

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2022

In intensive aquaculture systems, dissolved oxygen (DO) is the most critical and limiting factor for development health of aquatic organisms. Hypoxia a common phenomenon in aquaculture. Its effects on fish's growth immune system have been widely reported, but molecular mechanisms hypoxic stress damage to fish gut are not fully understood. Additionally, studies intestinal metabolism cobia (Rachycentron canadum) still limited. Therefore, this study used explore metabolism. study, combination high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based metabolomics analyses were investigate changes key genes metabolites tract juvenile after 28 days (DO: 3.15 ± 0.21 mg/L). Transcriptomics analysis revealed significant enrichment 62 metabolic pathways, including glutathione metabolism, fat digestion absorption, bile secretion, glycerolipid tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, other pathways. Metabolomics that significantly differential related amino acids lipids. The combined transcriptomics showed sustained could cause some degree oxidative cobia, thereby interfering with its digestive absorption physiological processes, such as abnormalities antioxidant detoxification functions, disturbances metabolisms acids, lipids, carbohydrates, reduction ion transport capacity. These findings might help understand under reducing caused by farmed fish.

Язык: Английский

---

Dietary glycine supplementation enhances glutathione availability in tissues of pigs with intrauterine growth restriction

Journal of Animal Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 102

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract This study tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with glycine enhances synthesis and concentrations of glutathione (GSH, a major antioxidant) in tissues pigs intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). At weaning (21 d age), IUGR litter mates normal birth weights (NBW) were assigned randomly to one two groups, representing 1% or 1.19% l-alanine (isonitrogenous control) corn- soybean meal-based diet. Blood other obtained from within 1 wk after feeding trial ended at 188 age determine GSH, oxidized GSH (GSSG), activities GSH-metabolic enzymes. Results indicated + GSSG plasma, liver, jejunum (P < 0.001) longissimus lumborum gastrocnemius muscles 0.05) lower than NBW pigs. In contrast, increased GSSG/GSH ratios (an indicator oxidative stress) plasma 0.001), both 0.05), pancreas = while decreasing γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase liver 0.01); reductase 0.01), muscle 0.01). addition, had greater thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS; an lipid peroxidation) jejunum, muscles, Compared isonitrogenous controls, plus 0.05); GSH-synthetic enzymes 0.01) reducing kidneys Concentrations GSSG, not affected > by IUGR. Furthermore, reduced TBARS pancreas. Collectively, availability induced stress pig tissues, these abnormalities prevented tissue-specific manner.

Язык: Английский

---

Characteristics of Nutrition and Metabolism in Dogs and Cats

Advances in experimental medicine and biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 55 - 98

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Domestic dogsand cats have evolved differentially in some aspects of nutrition, metabolism, chemical sensing, and feedingbehavior. The dogs adapted to omnivorous dietscontaining taurine-abundant meat starch-rich plant ingredients. By contrast, domestic catsmust consumeanimal-sourced foodsfor survival, growth, development. Both catssynthesize vitamin C many amino acids (AAs, such as alanine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine), but a limited ability form de novo arginineand D 3 . Compared with dogs, greater endogenousnitrogen losses higher dietary requirements for AAs (particularly arginine, taurine, tyrosine), B-complex vitamins (niacin, thiamin, folate, biotin), choline; exhibit rates gluconeogenesis; are less sensitive AA imbalances antagonism; more capable concentrating urine through renal reabsorption water; cannot tolerate high levels starch due pancreatic α-amylase activity. In addition, can sufficient taurinefrom cysteine(for most breeds); arachidonic acidfrom linoleic acid; eicosapentaenoic acid docosahexaenoic from α-linolenic all- trans- retinol β-carotene; niacinfrom tryptophan. These synthetic pathways, however, either absent or all (a) no low activities key enzymes (including pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase, cysteinedioxygenase, ∆ 6 -desaturase, β-carotene dioxygenase, quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase) (b) diversion intermediates other metabolic pathways. Dogs thrive on one large meal daily, select high-fat over low-fat diets, consume sweet substances. eat frequently during light dark periods, high-protein low-protein refuse dryfood, enjoy consistent diet, taste sweetness. This knowledge guides the feeding care cats, well manufacturing their foods. As abundant sources essentialnutrients, animal-derivedfoodstuffs play important roles optimizing development, health companionanimals.

Язык: Английский

---

Advances in energy metabolism in renal fibrosis

Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 312, С. 121033 - 121033

Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2022

Язык: Английский

---