Sepsis and post-sepsis syndrome: a multisystem challenge requiring comprehensive care and management—a review
Frontiers in Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2025
Sepsis,
a
medical
emergency
with
high
mortality
rates,
demands
comprehensive
care
spanning
from
early
identification
to
patient
rehabilitation.
The
sepsis
survival
chain
encompasses
recognition,
severity
assessment,
activation
of
services,
initial
antimicrobial
therapy,
hemodynamic
stabilization,
and
integrated
These
interconnected
steps
are
critical
reducing
morbidity
mortality.
Despite
advancements
in
international
guidelines,
adherence
remains
limited,
contributing
significant
disease
burden.
Beyond
its
acute
phase,
post-sepsis
syndrome
(PSS)
is
characterized
by
long-term
immune
dysregulation,
chronic
inflammation,
metabolic
dysfunction,
predisposing
survivors
recurrent
infections,
cardiovascular
disease,
neurocognitive
decline.
Mitochondrial
dysfunction
epigenetic
modifications
play
central
role
prolonged
immunosuppression,
impairing
adaptive
innate
responses.
Sepsis-induced
organ
impacts
multiple
systems,
including
the
brain,
heart,
kidneys.
In
it
associated
neuroinflammation,
blood-brain
barrier
accumulation
neurotoxic
proteins,
leading
cognitive
impairment.
Myocardial
involves
inflammatory
mediators
such
as
TNF-α
IL-6,
while
sepsis-associated
kidney
injury
(SA-AKI)
arises
hypoperfusion
heightening
risk
progression
disease.
Additionally,
alterations
neutrophil
continuous
platelet
activation,
suppressed
antitumoral
responses
contribute
increased
infection
complications.
Timely
targeted
interventions,
cytokine
modulation,
restoration,
support,
structured
rehabilitation
strategies,
pivotal
for
improving
outcomes.
However,
financial
infrastructural
limitations
low-resource
settings
pose
barriers
effective
management.
Precision
medicine,
AI-driven
warning
optimized
referral
networks
can
enhance
detection
personalized
treatments.
Promoting
public
professional
awareness
sepsis,
strengthening
multidisciplinary
care,
integrating
follow-up
programs
imperative
priorities
quality
life
survivors.
Язык: Английский
Untangling immune cell contributions in the progression from GERD to Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal cancer: Insights from genetic causal analysis
International Immunopharmacology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
150, С. 114271 - 114271
Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2025
Язык: Английский
Updates on Toll‐Like Receptor 10 Research
European Journal of Immunology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
55(5)
Опубликована: Май 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Toll‐like
receptors
(TLRs)
are
transmembrane
proteins
that
share
sequence
similarity
and
biological
function
as
they
responsible
for
the
innate
immune
response
to
exogenous
or
endogenous
molecular
patterns.
Distinct
ligands
recognized
by
leucine‐rich
repeats
regions
trigger
an
inflammatory
signal
into
cell
thanks
TIR
domain
of
TLR.
TLR10
shares
same
structural
organization
but
shows
a
unique
expression
pattern
functional
activity
yet
be
fully
elucidated.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
literature
on
cellular
localization.
Several
polymorphisms
were
reported
gene
is
present
in
most
mammalians
arose
from
duplication
ancestral
TLR1‐like
gene.
Accordingly,
was
shown
act
TLR1
terms
TLR2
interaction
TLR1/2
recognition;
however,
contrast
all
other
TLRs
it
could
also
anti‐inflammatory
signaling
responsive
several
unrelated
microbial
components.
will
describe
key
steps
recent
updates
research
highlighting
common
divergent
findings,
humans
animals.
Язык: Английский