The Potential of mRNA Vaccines to Fight Against Viruses DOI
Xinyi Wang

Viral Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 37(8), С. 383 - 391

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024

Vaccines have always been a critical tool in preventing infectious diseases. However, the development of traditional vaccines often takes long time and may struggle to address challenge rapidly mutating viruses. The emergence mRNA technology has brought revolutionary changes vaccine development, particularly responding threat emerging global promotion against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 demonstrated importance technology. Also, targeting viruses such as influenza, syncytial virus, Ebola are under development. These shown promising preventive effects safety profiles clinical trials, although duration immune protection is still evaluation. also faces many challenges, stability, efficacy, individual differences response. Researchers adopt various strategies these challenges. Anyway, enormous potential combating viral With further technological maturity, expected profound impact on public health equity. This review discussed fight viruses, current progress challenges faced, future prospects, providing comprehensive scientific basis reference for research.

Язык: Английский

Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses as a function of multiple COVID-19 boosters DOI Creative Commons
Ricardo da Silva Antunes,

Vicente Fajardo-Rosas,

Esther Dawen Yu

и другие.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

SUMMARY The long-term effects of repeated COVID-19 vaccinations on adaptive immunity remain incompletely understood. Here, we conducted a comprehensive three-year longitudinal study examining T cell and antibody responses in 78 vaccinated individuals without reported symptomatic infections. We observed distinct dynamics Spike-specific humoral cellular immune across multiple vaccine doses. While titers incrementally increased stabilized with each booster, rapidly plateaued, maintaining remarkable stability CD4+ CD8+ subsets. Notably, approximately 30% participants showed reactivity to non-Spike antigens, consistent asymptomatic Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed diverse landscape phenotypes, no evidence exhaustion or significant functional impairment. However, qualitative changes were infection, exhibiting unique immunological characteristics, including frequencies Th17-like cells GZMKhi/IFNR Remarkably, this group associated progressive increase regulatory cells, potentially indicating balanced response that may mitigate immunopathology. By regularly stimulating memory, boosters contribute stable enhanced response, which provide better protection against

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
The Role of Memory T-Cell Mediated Immunity in Long-term COVID-19: Effects of Vaccination Status. DOI

Saulesh Kurmangaliyeva,

Akzhan M. Madenbayeva, Saltanat T. Urazayeva

и другие.

PubMed, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 50(2), С. 61 - 68

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

T-cell-mediated immunity is essential for controlling severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2) infection, preventing disease, and potentially reducing the risk of long-term disease (COVID). This study investigated impact natural vaccination, hybrid on T-cell responses, with a particular emphasis role memory T-cells in COVID-19. The present reviewed current literature including development, individuals SARS-CoV-2 those vaccinated messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, immunity. It examined studies that compared activity, immune regulation, prevalence COVID-19 across these groups. Natural infection induces variable cases showing stronger but sometimes dysregulated immunological which may contribute to prolonged Vaccination, particularly mRNA elicits targeted consistent T-cells, severity, incidence Hybrid combines provides most robust protection, enhanceds reduces through balanced regulation. Memory play critical mitigating Vaccination significantly enhances immunity, minimizing chronic symptoms alone. effective defense, emphasizing importance even after prevent

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
Clinical development of SpikoGen®, an Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvanted recombinant spike protein vaccine DOI Creative Commons
Nikolai Petrovsky

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024

Recombinant protein vaccines represent a well-established, reliable and safe approach for pandemic vaccination. SpikoGen® is recombinant spike trimer manufactured in insect cells formulated with Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvant. In murine, hamster, ferret non-human primate studies, consistently provided protection against range of SARS-CoV-2 variants. A pivotal Phase 3 placebo-controlled efficacy trial involving 16,876 participants confirmed the ability to prevent infection severe disease caused by virulent Delta strain. subsequently received marketing authorization from Iranian FDA early October 2021 prevention COVID-19 adults. Following successful pediatric study, its approval was extended children 5 years older. Eight million doses have been delivered, next-generation booster version currently development. This highlights benefits adjuvanted protein-based approaches which should not overlook when vaccine platforms are being selected future pandemics.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

6
Current German Recommendations and International Research on the Use of COVID-19 Boosters among Health Care Providers in 2024: A Narrative Review DOI Creative Commons
Poramate Pitak‐Arnnop, Popchai Ngamskulrungroj, Nithi Mahanonda

и другие.

Medicina, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 60(3), С. 385 - 385

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2024

While the World Health Organization (WHO) has de-escalated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from a global health emergency, ongoing discussions persist as new viral variants. This article aimed to consolidate German recommendations and international research offer care providers (HCPs) comprehensive guide on COVID-19 boosters in 2024. The review outlines key Robert Koch Institute. HCPs should receive at least 12 months after their last vaccination or infection, contingent prevalent variant(s) region. However, excessive doses and/or frequent boosters, especially with mRNA vaccines, may lead immune imprinting, T-cell exhaustion, immunoglobulin (Ig) switching. Notably, this highlights significance of Ig, particularly IgA IgG subclasses, influencing infection risk progression. Furthermore, it explores implications vaccine technology potential adverse effects related dosing. In conclusion, provides analysis for HCPs, synthesising current recommendations, scientific debates, considerations optimising protection against SARS-CoV-2 evolving landscape post-pandemic era.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

2
Immunity testing and COVID-19 related symptoms (like HIV):immune decline, tumors, myocarditis, neurological problems DOI Open Access

zhang jia

Authorea (Authorea), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

According to the existing facts, COVID-19 is prone infection for a long time, and attacks immune system, immunity of population continues decline. Decreased has limit (immune deficiency), which can cause opportunistic infections, tumors other problems. In addition, myocarditis neurological problems should not be ignored. this paper, we guess that virus invasion cells result interaction proteins on membrane. Epidemiology predicts symptoms related are follow by biased normal distribution, at bottom, further outbreaks will occur in future. We also mentioned measures taken now (Promote detection immunity, such as CD4 cell counts).

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Durability of Adaptive Immunity in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Patients Across Different Respiratory Viruses: RSV, Influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons

Achilleas Livieratos,

Lars Erik Schiro,

Charalambos Gogos

и другие.

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(12), С. 1444 - 1444

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2024

Background/Objectives. Research on respiratory virus immunity duration post-vaccination reveals variable outcomes. This study performed a literature review to assess the efficacy and longevity of immune protection against SARS-CoV-2, influenza, syncytial (RSV), with focus immunocompromised populations. Specific objectives included examining humoral cellular responses exploring impact booster doses hybrid extending protection. Methods. A was conducted focusing studies published from January 2014 November 2024. The search targeted adaptive post-vaccination, natural immunity, for RSV. Selection criteria emphasized human populations, outcomes, individuals. PICO framework guided analysis, culminating in detailed 30 studies. Results. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines exhibited robust initial antibody responses, which waned significantly within six months, necessitating frequent boosters. Influenza RSV similarly showed declines though some influenza demonstrated moderate durability. Hybrid arising combined infection vaccination, provided more resilient lasting than vaccination alone, especially emerging variants. Immunocompromised individuals consistently reduced durability across all studied viruses. Challenges include rapid viral mutations, limiting broad current vaccines. Conclusions. Immune varies types patient Frequent boosters are critical optimizing protection, particularly vulnerable groups. findings underscore need adaptable strategies advancements vaccine design counter rapidly mutating pathogens effectively.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
The Potential of mRNA Vaccines to Fight Against Viruses DOI
Xinyi Wang

Viral Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 37(8), С. 383 - 391

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024

Vaccines have always been a critical tool in preventing infectious diseases. However, the development of traditional vaccines often takes long time and may struggle to address challenge rapidly mutating viruses. The emergence mRNA technology has brought revolutionary changes vaccine development, particularly responding threat emerging global promotion against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 demonstrated importance technology. Also, targeting viruses such as influenza, syncytial virus, Ebola are under development. These shown promising preventive effects safety profiles clinical trials, although duration immune protection is still evaluation. also faces many challenges, stability, efficacy, individual differences response. Researchers adopt various strategies these challenges. Anyway, enormous potential combating viral With further technological maturity, expected profound impact on public health equity. This review discussed fight viruses, current progress challenges faced, future prospects, providing comprehensive scientific basis reference for research.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0