Water,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
15(3), С. 476 - 476
Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2023
Pharmaceuticals
are
widely
used
in
Africa
due
to
the
high
burden
of
human
and
animal
diseases.
However,
a
review
current
practices
pollution
risks
arising
from
disposal
pharmaceuticals
low-income
settings
is
still
lacking.
Therefore,
present
examined
literature
address
following
questions:
(1)
what
key
factors
driving
accumulation
unused
expired
pharmaceuticals?,
(2)
for
pharmaceuticals,
wastewater
(feces
urine)
containing
excreted
(3)
potential
environmental
health
hazards
posed
by
practices?,
(4)
research
needs
on
settings?
Evidence
shows
that,
settings,
comprising
predominantly
feces
urine
often
end
up
on-site
sanitation
systems
such
as
pit
latrines,
septic
tanks,
environment
case
open
defecation.
Unused
disposed
household
solid
waste,
and/or
burned.
The
poorly
understood,
but
pharmaceutical
groundwater
sources,
including
those
drinking
water
supply,
may
occur
via
strong
hydrological
connectivity
between
latrines
systems.
Potential
high-risk
exposure
hotspots
discussed.
compared
other
compartments,
occurrence,
dissemination,
fate,
latrine-groundwater
continuum
understudied.
Future
directions
discussed
these
gaps
using
Source-Pathway-Receptor-Impact-Mitigation
(SPRIM)
an
organizing
framework.
Environmental Chemistry Letters,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(6), С. 3171 - 3194
Опубликована: Июль 5, 2024
Abstract
The
contamination
of
ecosystems
by
pharmaceuticals
and
personal
care
products
represents
a
significant
threat
to
public
health,
necessitating
innovative
approaches
clean
wastewater
before
release
into
aquatic
environments.
Here,
we
review
the
emerging
strategies
methods
for
remediation
gemfibrozil
carbamazepine,
emphasizing
toxicological
impacts,
advanced
oxidation
processes,
membrane-based
removal
techniques,
underlying
mechanisms
driving
these
processes.
We
found
that
engineered
composites
with
strong
electron
transfer
capabilities
can
enhance
efficiency
as
they
boost
generation
highly
oxidative
radicals.
For
instance,
nano
zero-valent
ion
incorporated
carbon–nitrogen
composite
removes
100%
within
60
min.
Similarly,
ruthenium
perovskite-based
heterogeneous
catalyst
achieved
elimination
carbamazepine
in
7.5
