The push–pull intercrop Desmodium does not repel, but intercepts and kills pests

eLife, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13

Опубликована: Март 13, 2024

Over two decades ago, an intercropping strategy was developed that received critical acclaim for synergizing food security with ecosystem resilience in smallholder farming. The push–pull reportedly suppresses lepidopteran pests maize through a combination of repellent intercrop (push), commonly Desmodium spp., and attractive, border crop (pull). Key the system is intercrop’s constitutive release volatile terpenoids repel herbivores. However, earlier described were not detectable headspace , only minimally upon herbivory. This independent soil type, microbiome composition, whether collections made laboratory or field. Furthermore, oviposition choice tests wind tunnel, without odor background equally attractive invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda . In search alternative mechanism, we found neonate larvae strongly preferred over maize. their development stagnated no larva survived. addition, older frequently seen impaled immobilized by dense network silica-fortified, non-glandular trichomes. Thus, our data suggest may act intercepting decimating dispersing larval offspring rather than adult deterrence. As hallmark sustainable control, –Desmodium has inspired countless efforts to emulate stimulo-deterrent diversion other cropping systems. detailed knowledge actual mechanisms required rationally improve strategy, translate concept

Язык: Английский

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Transcriptomic and Phenotypic Responses of CucumberTrichome Density to Silver Nitrate and Sodium Thiosulfate Application

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(3), С. 1298 - 1298

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is one of the most widely cultivated crops worldwide and valued for its nutritional, economic, ecological benefits. The regulation defense mechanisms against herbivores, along with osmotic loss environmental regulation, greatly affected by trichomes in cucumbers. In this study, we attempted to characterize examined fruit physiological transcriptome profiles RNA sequencing cucumber breeding lines 6101-4 5634-1 at three stages development through foliar application a combination silver nitrate (AgNO3) sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) comparison non-treated controls. Notable increases number altered forms were observed both inbred cultivars chemical substances. RNA-seq analysis was performed identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved multiple pathways trichome formation. enrichment transcripts showed that upregulated expression many stress-responsive trichome-associated including plant hormone signal transduction, sesquiterpenoid triterpenoid biosynthesis, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. dominant regulatory genes, such as allene oxide synthase (AOS) MYB1R1 transcription factor, exhibited significant modulations their response application. results further confirmed RT-PCR-based analysis, which revealed after application, (AOS), PTB 19, MYB1R1, bHLH62-like, MADS-box salicylic acid-binding 2-like, expressed, implying these DEGs are positive initiation C. sativus. A biology associated gene other species has shown also responsible hormonal pathway regulation. This study improves our knowledge molecular development. It emphasizes possibility utilizing composition modulate trichome-related characteristics sativus, leading improvement well adaptation.

Язык: Английский

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Cucurbit plant defenses against aboveground or belowground insect herbivores are distinct and shaped by eco-evolutionary factors

Basic and Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Soybean domestication and lead stress on plant–herbivore–parasitoid interactions

Biological Control, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 105770 - 105770

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Comprehensive analysis of silicon impact on defense and metabolic responses in rice exposed to herbivory stress

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Май 30, 2024

Silicon (Si) uptake is generally beneficial for plants that need protection from insect herbivores. In pursue of mechanisms involved in Si-mediated defense, we comprehensively explored the impact Si on several defensive and metabolic traits rice exposed to simulated real herbivory

Язык: Английский

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Belowground insect herbivory induces systemic volatile emissions that strengthen neighbouring plant resistance aboveground

Plant Cell & Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 47(2), С. 714 - 725

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2023

Abstract Plants transmit ecologically relevant messages to neighbouring plants through chemical cues. For instance, insect herbivory triggers the production of herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), which can enhance defences. HIPVs are emitted from directly damaged tissues and systemic, nondamaged tissues. Although volatile‐mediated interplant interactions have been observed both above‐ belowground, it remains unknown whether belowground induces systemic aboveground that influence plants. To explore how affects aboveground, we characterised squash induced by striped cucumber beetle ( Acalymma vittatum ) larval herbivory. We exposed ‘receiver plants’ or then measured herbivore resistance challenging with aboveground‐feeding herbivores: adult beetles A. bugs Anasa tristis ). discovered belowground‐damaged more E )‐β‐ocimene, a key volatile HIPV blend, than controls, exposure enhanced bugs, but not beetles. Further investigations into mechanism interaction revealed β‐ocimene alone elicit against bugs. Overall, our findings reveal novel form between spanning across aboveground–belowground systems.

Язык: Английский

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Cultivar-Specific Defense Responses in Wild and Cultivated Squash Induced by Belowground and Aboveground Herbivory

Journal of Chemical Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 50(11), С. 738 - 750

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2024

Abstract Plant domestication often alters plant traits, including chemical and physical defenses against herbivores. In squash, leads to reduced levels of cucurbitacins leaf trichomes, influencing interactions with insects. However, the impact on inducible in squash remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated defensive traits wild domesticated ( Cucurbita argyrosperma ), compared their responses belowground aboveground infestation by root-feeding larvae leaf-chewing adults banded cucumber beetle Diabrotica balteata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Wild populations contained roots cotyledons but not leaves, whereas varieties lacked all tissues. Belowground D. did increase cucurbitacin triggered expression biosynthetic genes, irrespective status, although response varied among different varieties. Conversely, had more trichomes than varieties, induction herbivory was greater plants. Leaf there a trend higher damage Overall, plants responded both activating defense-associated gene upregulating defense respectively. While suppressed defenses, our findings suggest that it may enhance mechanisms increasing trichome herbivory.

Язык: Английский

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Physical and chemical characterization of wild tomato Solanum habrochaites accessions for resistance to the sweetpotato whitefly

Scientia Horticulturae, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 338, С. 113687 - 113687

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Integrating ecophysiology and omics to unlock crop response to drought and herbivory stress

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2024

Plants are constantly exposed to a diverse spectrum of environmental stressors that typically occur concurrently as multifactorial challenges, both spatially and temporally (Joshi et al., 2024). These include abiotic stresses, such drought, flooding, salinity, nutrient deficiencies, metal toxicity extreme temperatures, well biotic pressures herbivory, pathogen attacks, inter intraspecific competition (Porter 2020;González Guzmán 2022). Drought herbivory arguably among the most critical factors limit crop productivity in agricultural settings (Gautam 2024), making it imperative understand plant responses their combined effects. While conventional research has tended examine these individually, natural settings, plants frequently encounter multiple stresses either simultaneously or sequentially, leading complex interactions with consequences cascade trophic levels.Drought, major stress, induces range morphophysiological changes plants, reduced leaf area, stomatal closure, enhanced root growth characterized by increased biomass, surface volume (Farooq 2009a). Beyond immediate responses, drought stress can also prime for future events, influencing susceptibility resistance subsequent challenges (Bilichak 2015;Li 2019;Sallam 2019). induced priming lead epigenetic gene expression, creating transcriptional memory been found enhance survival response events (Avramova, 2019;Nguyen 2022;Kambona 2023). For instance, Arabidopsis , histone demethylation at promoter proline biosynthetic Δ1-pyrroline-5carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), P5CS expression accumulation, which assists tolerating stress. This modification remains even after removal, indicating formation improves tolerance (Banerjee Roychoudhury, 2015). Similarly, Sani (2013) (Sani 2013) discovered sodium ion pre-treated gained through changes, specifically H3K27me3 levels, activated HKT1 responsible salt highlights role somatic (Kim Although, memory, garnered recent attention, mechanisms primes not understood (Godwin Farrona, 2020;Tian 2024).Similarly, imposes significant on often direct indirect defenses, ecophysiology, defense-fitness trade-offs, production defensive metabolites, activation defense genes, consequently-affecting (Howe Jander, 2008;Kariyat 2013;Kersten 2013;Müller 2019;Huang Huang, Herbivoreinduced volatiles (HIPVs), released insect damage herbivore-cues saliva, frass eggs, serve signals predators parasitoids locate herbivores different spatial locations (Kariyat 2012;Ali Notably, attacks. example, feeding caterpillars tomato progeny, presence transgenerational (Van Hulten 2006;Rasmann 2012, Holeski 2012). existing primarily focuses defenses impact herbivore development 2017(Kariyat 2018;;Tayal 2020;Kaur Kariyat, 2023), comprehensive examination this area should physiological immune herbivores, identification molecular markers faster diagnosis, potential modifications may influence yield traits generations (Schmitz Despite advancements biology, there lack understanding when they arrive tandem.It be noted progress made techniques like genome sequencing, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping enabled key genes involved (Pfalz al.,2007;Yesudas al.,2010;Gahlaut al.,2017;Hassan 2023,). And. wide association studies (GWAS) identify stress-related (Huang al.,2024;Davila Olivas 2017;Thoen 2017), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) precise editing (Liu al.,2020;Ghosh Gey, 2022;Sun RNA interference (RNAi) targeted silencing (Li 2024;Zhang crucial gap integrating tools ecological interactions. various exist, manuscript model due synergistic effects, intensify By focusing we aim elucidate how manage propose integrated approaches studying perspective will help bridge between biology interactions, offering new insights into resilience management ecosystems.Drought bring eco-physiological including architecture, parameters (Makbul 2011;Bansal 2013;Kunert 2016;Xu 2018). Reduced conductance, impaired photosynthesis, decreased chlorophyll content have consistently observed under (de Freitas Bueno 2009;Farooq 2009b). Contrary consistent effects differential impacts performance; some show negative performance while others report positive compensatory photosynthesis (Kucharik 2016;Dong 2019;Zheng 2021) an overall 2009;Grinnan 2013;Owen 2013;Musser The eco-physiology crops mostly resulted biochemical host (Abid 2018;Chávez-Arias 2021;Pati Pati (2023) reported action several related enzymes peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase was higher resistant genotypes rice against brown hopper (Nilaparvata lugens, Stal). At same time, Chávez-Arias (2021) summarized those osmolytes proline, glycine, soluble sugars, ions (K + Na ) aid alleviating maize rice.Biochemical usually indicated decline membrane stability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation injury membranes 2018) Higher accumulation free amino acids, sugars identified osmotic adjustments (Oh Komatsu, 2015;Mwenye 2016;Du 2020;Chávez-Arias 2021). based types respond differentially varying quantities phenols, proteins, activities peroxidases, catalases (Pati 2023).Interestingly, secondary metabolites flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, glucosinolates triggered (Lin Besides alter (VOCs) emitted crops. Spodoptera exigua potato (Solanum tuberosum) lower water availability VOCs than well-watered (Vázquez-González Most importantly, volatile compounds leads signalling cascades triggering systemic phytohormones (Jogawat 2021).Phytohormones jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic (SA), abscisic (ABA) studied explore possible mechanism herbivory.A decreasing trend JA methyl jasmonate (Me-JA) soybeans compared only treatment, but SA showed reduction infestation (Faustino However, control treatments (no herbivory), Me-JA levels were still upregulated interaction. Interestingly, severe simulated (exogenous application MeJA), salicylate is strongly potentially (Scott ABA synergize provide (Nguyen 2016). Jogawat mentioned level ethylene (ET) affected wheat encoding ET receptors rice, Deleted: [40] 190Deleted: [39] 191 no 192 thaliana tobacco. Moreover, lipoxygenases (LOX) first step (JA) biosynthesis repressed followed In meta-analysis, transcriptomics wheat, maize, revealed pathway pathway-related transcription (Benny addition eco-physiology, phytohormonal assessment, omics epigenetics extrapolate mechanistic interaction crops.The current focused phenotypic therefore, limited few species, pairwise approach. Omics allow us expand our underlying ask more landscape questions, what propose, integration approaches. Eco-physiological involve assessing growth, use efficiency, tolerance, providing valuable adapt changing environments. Biochemical identifying quantifying enzymes, hormones, driving responses. approaches, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, generate extensive datasets uncover regulatory networks pathways adaptation.Omics elucidating environment characterization biomarkers phenotyping (Chávez-Arias 2021).Innovative combine data from layers, epigenomics, metagenomics-collectively referred panomics -are 'Omics' recently become pathways, genetic basis (Figure 1).Transcriptome profiles simultaneous widely used interactive plants. (Coolen 2016) RNAseq transcriptome previously masked drought-induced occurred previously. Using exogenous coronatine (COR), (Attaran 2014) JA-induced photosynthetic Arabidopsis. Through analysis, clear (stress response) redirected metabolism towards detected upregulation GmCDPK suggesting integral roles soybean-drought-insect (Hettenhausen 6,885 transcripts 238 lncRNAs contributing Coolen (2016) unique DEGs expressed thaliana. soybean, transcriptomic explored much sequence tandem. It important note majority drive works exploring non-model vary degree tolerance.Analysis accumulated holistic view stressors. (He 2022) Daidzin plays anti-herbivore poplars. An untargeted metabolomics using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) phenolics, thymine pyrimidine seedlings provided further (Guo 2020). Likewise, study allowed indole, green ((Z)-3-hexanal (Z)-3-hexen1-ol) primary Compared other tools, seems effectively utilized researchers herbivory. itself difficult involvement myriads themselves.Proteomic specific protein associated snapshot proteome (Bhadauria 2010;Ahmed Although many focussed individual proteomic composition crops, very addressed proteomes (Zhang 2010;Li 2014;Gu Verdugo (2015) (Verdugo 2015) Myzus persicae; (Green peach aphids) drought-stressed susceptible A Dworak (Dworak soil two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) applied separately concurrently. findings carbonylation level, marker oxidative damage, separately. simultaneously, decrease indicative overlap. underscores complexity interplay emphasizing need thorough governing interactions.Epigenetics pivotal deciphering adaptation (Mladenov 2021).Epigenetic bacteria, fungi, passed down offspring, resulting (Holeski 2012;Harris 2023).Recent shown inherited acquired patterns persist following exposure (Stassen Specifically, alterations DNA methylation, particularly CG context, Jin, Some Thale cress (Arabidopsis sp.) (Oryza reveal long-term methylation transferred together improved (Wang 2011;Zheng 2017). recombinant inbred lines (epiRILs) (Furci 2019) ddm1 mutant crossed wild-type screening downy mildew broader multi-tropic settings-microbial communities could directly/indirectly overlooked studies. metagenomics (Dai bacteria Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria significantly peanut rhizosphere during On hand, along metabolomic profile analysis oilseed rape (Brassica napus) cabbage fly (Delia radicum) increment abundances bacterial genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas (Ourry evident meta-genomics combination effective obtaining date, conducted unravel two terms therefore require work future.The multi-omics presents transformative opportunity deeply intricate cellular underpin mechanisms. pipelines, epigenomics gain allows networks, biomarkers, candidate differentiate stress-tolerant sensitive breeding resilient varieties. incorporating phytohormone framework environment. physiology hormonal contribute conditions. Thus, research, augmented insights, deepen adaptive pave way varieties thrive merging advanced technologies traditional methods, fully harness omics-assisted ensuring food security sustainability agriculture.

Язык: Английский

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Construction of a comprehensive evaluation model for constitutive resistance traits of tea cultivars to the pests Matsumurasca onukii and Dendrothrips minowai

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2024

As major pests in tea plantations, Matsumurasca onukii Matsuda (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Dendrothrips minowai Priesner (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) reduce yields cause large economic loss. Host plant resistance is one of the most effective economical potential pest management strategies but not well understood tea. This study aimed to screen lines determine chemical structural traits that were associated with both herbivore species then develop comprehensive indicators evaluation model insect resistance. In addition, we modelled host identification selection by two established grading criteria for each. Traits positively M. were: concentrations nonanal dodecane, epidermal thickness adaxial leaf surface, ratio this thickness. Negatively malonic dialdehyde linalool, cuticle thickness, abaxial For D. minowai, length leaf, trichome density buds, caffeine content resistance; whilst dodecane phenethyl alcohol as several color parameters foliage negatively associated. To comprehensively evaluate cultivars, affiliation function method was used results showed significantly correlation observed population densities pests. provides first framework will underpin risk assessment among existing cultivars future breeding programs.

Язык: Английский

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