Drivers of the relative richness of naturalized and invasive plant species on Earth

AoB Plants, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 11(5)

Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2019

Biological invasions are a defining feature of the Anthropocene, but factors that determine spatially uneven distribution alien plant species still poorly understood. Here, we present first global analysis effects biogeographic factors, physical environment and socio-economy on richness naturalized invasive plants. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models variation partitioning to disentangle relative importance individual and, more broadly, biogeography, socio-economy. As measures magnitude permanent anthropogenic additions regional pool with negative environmental impacts, calculated (= RRN) RRI) numbers adjusted for number native in 838 terrestrial regions. Socio-economic (per-capita gross domestic product (GDP), population density, proportion agricultural land) were important explaining RRI (~50 % explained variation) than RRN (~40 %). Warm-temperate (sub)tropical regions have higher tropical or cooler found socio-economic pressures relevant richness. The expectation southern hemisphere is invaded northern was confirmed only islands, not mainland nor RRI. On average, islands ~6-fold RRN, >3-fold compared Eighty-two (=26 all islands) harbour Our findings challenge widely held naturalization To meet international biodiversity targets halt detrimental consequences invasions, it essential disrupt connection between development by improving pathway management, early detection rapid response.

Язык: Английский

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Mountain roads and non‐native species modify elevational patterns of plant diversity

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 27(6), С. 667 - 678

Опубликована: Март 13, 2018

Abstract Aim We investigated patterns of species richness and community dissimilarity along elevation gradients using globally replicated, standardized surveys vascular plants. asked how these diversity are influenced by anthropogenic pressures (road construction non‐native species). Location Global. Time period 2008–2015. Major taxa studied Vascular Methods Native plant were recorded in 943 plots 25 gradients, nine mountain regions, on four continents. Sampling took place away from roads. analysed the effects distance road (beta‐diversity), assessed modified such elevational patterns. Results Globally, native total showed a unimodal relationship with that peaked at lower‐mid elevations, but altered roads due to species. Differences between regions disappeared roadsides, changed patterns’ character all study regions. Community was reduced roadsides through also found significant decay beta‐diversity, which however not affected or Main conclusions Idiosyncratic implicate region‐specific mechanisms underlying However, clearer signal emerged mostly mid‐elevations. conclude both lead homogenization communities mountains.

Язык: Английский

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Advancing biological invasion hypothesis testing using functional diversity indices

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 834, С. 155102 - 155102

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2022

Pioneering investigations on the effects of introduced populations community structure, ecosystem functioning and services have focused invaders taxonomic diversity. However, taxonomic-based diversity metrics overlook heterogeneity species roles within among communities. As homogenizing biological invasions processes can be subtle, they may require use functional indices to properly evidenced. Starting from listing major indices, alongside presentation their strengths limitations, we focus studies pertaining invasive native communities recipient ecosystems using indices. By doing so, reveal that strongly vary at onset invasion process, while it stabilizes intermediate high levels invasion. changes occurring during lag phase an been poorly investigated, show is still unknown whether there are consistent in could indicate end phase. Thus, recommend providing information stage under consideration when computing metrics. For existing literature, also surprising very few explored difference between organisms same trophic levels, or assessed non-native organism establishment into a non-analogue versus analogue community. valuable tools for obtaining in-depth diagnostics structure functioning, applied timely implementation restoration plans improved conservation strategies. To conclude, our work provides first synthetic guide hypothesis testing biology.

Язык: Английский

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Invasive hematophagous arthropods and associated diseases in a changing world

Parasites & Vectors, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2023

Biological invasions have increased significantly with the tremendous growth of international trade and transport. Hematophagous arthropods can be vectors infectious potentially lethal pathogens parasites, thus constituting a growing threat to humans-especially when associated biological invasions. Today, several major vector-borne diseases, currently described as emerging or re-emerging, are expanding in world dominated by climate change, land-use change intensive transportation humans goods. In this review, we retrace historical trajectory these better understand their ecological, physiological genetic drivers impacts on ecosystems human health. We also discuss arthropod management strategies mitigate future risks harnessing ecology, public health, economics social-ethnological considerations. Trade transport goods materials, including vertebrate introductions worn tires, historically been important introduction pathways for most prominent invasive hematophagous arthropods, but sources likely diversify globalization. Burgeoning urbanization, urban heat island effect interact favor diseases they vector. To novel disease outbreaks, stronger preventative monitoring transboundary surveillance measures urgently required. Proactive approaches, such use engagement citizen science, would reduce epidemiological ecological could save millions lives billions dollars spent control management. Last, our capacities manage sustainable way worldwide improved promoting interactions among experts health sector, stakeholders environmental issues policymakers (e.g. One Health approach) while considering wider social perceptions.

Язык: Английский

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Bringing traits back into the equation: A roadmap to understand species redistribution

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Abstract Ecological and evolutionary theories have proposed that species traits should be important in mediating responses to contemporary climate change; yet, empirical evidence has so far provided mixed for the role of behavioral, life history, or ecological characteristics facilitating hindering range shifts. As such, utility trait‐based approaches predict redistribution under change been called into question. We develop perspective, supported by evidence, trait variation, if used carefully can high potential utility, but past analyses many cases failed identify an explanatory value not fully embracing complexity First, we discuss relevant theory linking shift processes at leading (expansion) trailing (contraction) edges distributions highlight need clarify mechanistic basis approaches. Second, provide a brief overview shift–trait studies new opportunities integration consider range‐specific intraspecific variability. Third, explore circumstances which environmental biotic context dependencies are likely affect our ability contribution processes. Finally, propose revealing shaping may require accounting methodological variation arising from estimation process as well addressing existing functional, geographical, phylogenetic biases. series considerations more effectively integrating extrinsic factors research. Together, these analytical promise stronger predictive understanding help society mitigate adapt effects on biodiversity.

Язык: Английский

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MaxEnt Modeling and Effects of Climate Change on Shifts in Habitat Suitability for Sorbus alnifolia in China

Plants, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(5), С. 677 - 677

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2025

Anthropogenic climate change stands out as one of the primary forces expected to reshape Earth’s ecosystems and global biodiversity in coming decades. Sorbus alnifolia, which occurs deciduous forests, is valued for its ornamental appeal practical uses but reported be declining wild. Nevertheless, distribution this species’ suitable range, along with key ecological environmental drivers that shape habitat suitability, remains largely unknown. By analyzing 198 occurrence records 54 factors, we employed MaxEnt project S. alnifolia’s current future suitability. Our results showed annual precipitation (37.4%), normalized difference vegetation index (30.0%), August water vapor pressure (20.8%), temperature range (3.4%) were most significant variables explaining requirements. The habitats primarily scattered across eastern central China. Under projected climatic conditions, total expanse potential increase. However, expansion involves low-suitability habitats, whereas moderately highly are likely shrink, especially southern lower-altitude regions Based on these findings, propose several conservation strategies support long-term sustainability alnifolia.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of large herbivores on tundra vegetation in a changing climate, and implications for rewilding

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 373(1761), С. 20170437 - 20170437

Опубликована: Окт. 22, 2018

In contrast to that of the Pleistocene epoch, between approximately 2.6 million and 10 000 years before present, extant community large herbivores in Arctic tundra is species-poor predominantly due human extinctions. We here discuss how this herbivore guild influences ecosystems, especially relation rapidly changing climate. show present assemblages have effects on ecosystem composition function suggest effect thermophilic species expected invade a warmer climate strong, slow responses change. focus ability drive transitions different vegetation states. One such transition forest. A second discussed grasslands moss- shrub-dominated tundra. Contemporary studies can state shifts more diverse assemblage would even higher potential do so. conclude though many herbivores, megaherbivores, are extinct, there reintroduce arctic locations, doing so potentially reduce some unwanted This article part theme issue ‘Trophic rewilding: consequences for ecosystems under global change’.

Язык: Английский

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High Temperature, Oxygen, and Performance: Insights from Reptiles and Amphibians

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 58(1), С. 9 - 24

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2018

Much recent theoretical and empirical work has sought to describe the physiological mechanisms underlying thermal tolerance in animals. Leading hypotheses can be broadly divided into two categories that primarily differ organizational scale: 1) high temperature directly reduces function of subcellular machinery, such as enzymes cell membranes, or 2) disrupts system-level interactions, mismatches supply demand oxygen, prior having any direct negative effect on machinery. Nonetheless, a general framework describing contexts under which either component organ system failure limits organisms at temperatures remains elusive. With this commentary, we leverage decades research physiology ectothermic tetrapods (amphibians non-avian reptiles) address these hypotheses. Available data suggest both are important. Thus, expand previous propose Hierarchical Mechanisms Thermal Limitation (HMTL) hypothesis, explains how failures interact limit performance set temperatures. We further integrate with curve paradigm commonly used predict effects environments fitness. The HMTL appears successfully explain diverse observations reptiles amphibians makes numerous predictions remain untested. hope spurs taxa facilitates mechanistic forecasts biological responses climate change.

Язык: Английский

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Climate and Spring Phenology Effects on Autumn Phenology in the Greater Khingan Mountains, Northeastern China

Remote Sensing, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 10(3), С. 449 - 449

Опубликована: Март 13, 2018

Vegetation phenology plays a key role in terrestrial ecosystem nutrient and carbon cycles is sensitive to global climate change. Compared with spring phenology, which has been well studied, autumn still poorly understood. In this study, we estimated the date of end growing season (EOS) across Greater Khingan Mountains, China, from 1982 2015 based on Global Inventory Modeling Mapping Studies (GIMMS) normalized difference vegetation index third-generation (NDVI3g) dataset. The temporal correlations between EOS climatic factors (e.g., preseason temperature, precipitation), as correlation were investigated using partial analysis. Results showed that more than 94% pixels Mountains exhibited delayed trend, an average rate 0.23 days/y. Increased temperature resulted earlier most our study area, except for semi-arid grassland region south, where warming generally EOS. Similarly, mountain deciduous coniferous forest, forest grassland, regions was associated increased precipitation, but region, precipitation during mainly led However, effect stronger temperature. addition effects EOS, also found influence An SOS while southern northern often followed by These findings suggest both should be incorporated into models order improve prediction accuracy under present future change scenarios.

Язык: Английский

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Simulating plant invasion dynamics in mountain ecosystems under global change scenarios

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2017

Abstract Across the globe, invasive alien species cause severe environmental changes, altering composition and ecosystem functions. So far, mountain areas have mostly been spared from large‐scale invasions. However, climate change, land‐use abandonment, development of tourism increasing ornamental trade will weaken barriers to invasions in these systems. Understanding how react native communities influence their success is thus prime importance a management perspective. Here, we used spatially temporally explicit simulation model forecast invasion risks protected area French Alps under future conditions. We combined scenarios abandonment tourism‐linked increases propagule pressure test if spread region increase future. modelled already naturalized new plants, accounting for interactions among global change components, also competition with vegetation. Our results show that interact overall richness both aliens ornamentals, as well upper elevational limits regional range‐sizes. Under woody are predicted more than double range‐size herbaceous occupy up 20% park area. In contrast, open opportunities aliens, but decrease probability herbs consequence colonization by trees. This emphasizes vegetation either facilitating or potentially curbing Overall, our work highlights an additional previously underestimated threat fragile flora facing transformations overexploitation tourism.

Язык: Английский

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