Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services

Biodiversity and Conservation, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 26(13), С. 3005 - 3035

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Common pathways by which non-native forest insects move internationally and domestically

Journal of Pest Science, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 92(1), С. 13 - 27

Опубликована: Май 30, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Tree Diversity and Forest Resistance to Insect Pests: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Prospects

Annual Review of Entomology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 66(1), С. 277 - 296

Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2020

Ecological research conducted over the past five decades has shown that increasing tree species richness at forest stands can improve resistance to insect pest damage. However, commonality of this finding is still under debate. In review, we provide a quantitative assessment (i.e., meta-analysis) diversity effects on herbivory and discuss plausible mechanisms underlying observed patterns. We recommendations working hypotheses serve lay groundwork for come. Based more than 600 study cases, our review indicates was, average, lower in mixed pure stands, but these were contingent herbivore diet breadth composition. particular, mainly reduced damage specialist herbivores with phylogenetically distant species. Overall, findings essential guidance management.

Язык: Английский

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Biomass losses resulting from insect and disease invasions in US forests

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 116(35), С. 17371 - 17376

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2019

Worldwide, forests are increasingly affected by nonnative insects and diseases, some of which cause substantial tree mortality. Forests in the United States have been invaded a particularly large number (>450) tree-feeding pest species. While information exists about ecological impacts certain pests, region-wide assessments composite ecosystem all species limited. Here we analyze 92,978 forest plots distributed across conterminous to estimate biomass loss associated with elevated mortality rates caused 15 most damaging pests. We find that these combined an additional (i.e., above background levels) rate 5.53 TgC per year. Compensation, form increased growth recruitment nonhost species, was not detectable when measured entire ranges but does occur several decades following invasions. In addition, 41.1% total live is at risk future from These results indicate invasions, driven primarily globalization, represent huge US significant on carbon dynamics.

Язык: Английский

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Improved biosecurity surveillance of non-native forest insects: a review of current methods

Journal of Pest Science, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 92(1), С. 37 - 49

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Invasion syndromes: a systematic approach for predicting biological invasions and facilitating effective management

Biological Invasions, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 22(5), С. 1801 - 1820

Опубликована: Март 2, 2020

Abstract Our ability to predict invasions has been hindered by the seemingly idiosyncratic context-dependency of individual invasions. However, we argue that robust and useful generalisations in invasion science can be made considering “invasion syndromes” which define as “a combination pathways, alien species traits, characteristics recipient ecosystem collectively result predictable dynamics impacts, managed effectively using specific policy management actions”. We describe this approach outline examples highlight its utility, including: cacti with clonal fragmentation arid ecosystems; small aquatic organisms introduced through ballast water harbours; large ranid frogs frequent secondary transfers; piscivorous freshwater fishes connected plant high-elevation areas; tall-statured grasses; tree-feeding insects forests suitable hosts. propose a systematic method for identifying delimiting syndromes. syndromes account biological while incorporating insights from comparative studies. Adopting will help structure thinking, identify transferrable risk assessment lessons, similarities among events were previously considered disparate phenomena.

Язык: Английский

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Progress and Challenges of Protecting North American Ash Trees from the Emerald Ash Borer Using Biological Control

Forests, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9(3), С. 142 - 142

Опубликована: Март 15, 2018

After emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, was discovered in the United States, a classical biological control program initiated against this destructive pest of trees (Fraxinus spp.). This biocontrol began 2007 after federal regulatory agencies and state Michigan approved release three EAB parasitoid species from China: Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Eulophidae), Spathius agrili (Braconidae), Oobius Zhang Huang (Encyrtidae). A fourth parasitoid, galinae Belokobylskij (Braconidae) Russia, for 2015. We review rationale ecological premises program, then report on progress North American recovery southern Michigan, where parasitoids were first released. also identify challenges to conserving native Fraxinus using aftermath invasion, provide suggestions improvements as spreads throughout America. conclude that more work is needed to: (1) evaluate establishment impact agents different climate zones; (2) determine combined effect host plant resistance or tolerance regeneration species; (3) expand foreign exploration natural enemies Asia.

Язык: Английский

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Worldwide border interceptions provide a window into human‐mediated global insect movement

Ecological Applications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 31(7)

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2021

As part of national biosecurity programs, cargo imports, passenger baggage, and international mail are inspected at ports entry to verify compliance with phytosanitary regulations intercept potentially damaging nonnative species prevent their introduction. Detection organisms during inspections may also provide crucial information about the composition relative arrival rates in invasion pathways that can inform implementation other practices such as quarantines surveillance. In most regions, insects main taxonomic group encountered inspections. We gathered insect interception data from nine world regions collected 1995 2019 compare arriving these regions. Collectively, 8,716 were intercepted over last 25 yr, combined set comprising 1,899,573 events, which 863,972 identified level. Rarefaction analysis indicated interceptions comprise only a small fraction present pathways. Despite differences inspection methodologies, well import source imported commodities, we found strong positive correlations frequencies between particularly within Hemiptera Thysanoptera. There significant among different Nevertheless, integrating multiple would be valuable for estimating risks high likelihoods introduction identifying rare but species.

Язык: Английский

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Promises and challenges in insect–plant interactions

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 166(5), С. 319 - 343

Опубликована: Май 1, 2018

Abstract There is tremendous diversity of interactions between plants and other species. These relationships range from antagonism to mutualism. Interactions with members their ecological community can lead a profound metabolic reconfiguration the plants’ physiology. This favour beneficial organisms deter antagonists like pathogens or herbivores. Determining cellular molecular dialogue plants, microbes, insects, its evolutionary implications important for understanding options each partner adopt an adaptive response biotic environment. Moving forward, how such are shaped by environmental change we potentially mitigate deleterious effects will be increasingly important. The development integrative multidisciplinary approaches may provide new solutions major societal issues ahead us. rapid evolution technology provides valuable tools opens up novel ways test hypotheses that were previously unanswerable, but requires scientists master these tools, understand potential ethical problems flowing implementation, train generations biologists diverse technical skills. Here, brief perspectives discuss future promise challenges research on insect–plant building 16th International Symposium Insect–Plant ( SIP ) meeting was held in Tours, France (2–6 July 2017). Talks, posters, discussions distilled into key areas interactions, highlighting current state field challenges, directions both applied basic research.

Язык: Английский

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Forest Insect Biosecurity: Processes, Patterns, Predictions, Pitfalls

Annual Review of Entomology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 68(1), С. 211 - 229

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2022

The economic and environmental threats posed by non-native forest insects are ever increasing with the continuing globalization of trade travel; thus, need for mitigation through effective biosecurity is greater than ever. However, despite decades research implementation preborder, border, postborder preventative measures, insect invasions continue to occur, no evidence saturation, even predicted accelerate. In this article, we review measures used mitigate arrival, establishment, spread, impacts possible impediments successful these measures. Biosecurity successes likely under-recognized because they difficult detect quantify, whereas failures more evident in continued establishment additional species. There limitations existing systems at global country scales (for example, inspecting all imports impossible, phytosanitary perfect, knownunknowns cannot be regulated against, noncompliance an ongoing problem). should a shared responsibility across countries, governments, stakeholders, individuals.

Язык: Английский

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