Biology & Philosophy,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
36(2)
Опубликована: Март 3, 2021
Abstract
Biological
individuality
is
a
notoriously
thorny
topic
for
biologists
and
philosophers
of
biology.
In
this
paper
we
argue
that
biological
presents
multiple,
interconnected
questions
together
form
problem
agenda.
Using
case
study
an
interdisciplinary
research
group
in
ecology,
behavioral
evolutionary
biology,
claim
debate
on
seeks
to
account
diverse
practices
the
sciences
should
be
broadened
include
give
prominence
about
uniqueness
temporality.
We
show
broadening
agenda
draws
attention
underrecognized
philosophical
issues
discussions
thereby
organizes
enriches
existing
debate.
Entropy,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
19(4), С. 169 - 169
Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2017
This
paper
considers
questions
about
continuity
and
discontinuity
between
life
mind.
It
begins
by
examining
such
from
the
perspective
of
free
energy
principle
(FEP).
The
FEP
is
becoming
increasingly
influential
in
neuroscience
cognitive
science.
says
that
organisms
act
to
maintain
themselves
their
expected
biological
states,
they
can
do
so
only
minimizing
given
long-term
average
entropy.
then
argues
there
no
singular
interpretation
for
thinking
relation
Some
formulations
express
what
we
call
an
independence
view
One
a
cognitivist
FEP.
turns
on
information
processing
with
semantic
content,
thus
restricting
range
systems
capable
exhibiting
mentality.
Other
views
exemplify
overly
generous
non-cognitivist
FEP,
these
appear
go
opposite
direction.
That
is,
imply
mentality
nearly
everywhere.
proceeds
argue
its
implications
mind,
be
usefully
constrained
key
ideas
recent
enactive
approaches
We
conclude
most
compelling
account
relationship
mind
treats
them
as
strongly
continuous,
this
based
particular
concepts
(autopoiesis
adaptivity)
(basic
non-semantic).
Immunology
is
central
to
contemporary
biology
and
medicine,
but
it
also
provides
novel
philosophical
insights.
Its
most
significant
contribution
philosophy
concerns
the
understanding
of
biological
individuality:
what
a
individual
is,
makes
unique,
how
its
boundaries
are
established
ensures
identity
through
time.
offers
answers
some
interesting
questions.
What
definition
life?
How
bodily
systems
delineated?
do
mind
body
interact?
In
this
Element,
Thomas
Pradeu
considers
ways
in
which
immunology
can
shed
light
on
these
other
important
issues.
This
title
available
as
Open
Access
Cambridge
Core.
Philosophy Theory and Practice in Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2024
A
significant
and
longstanding
debate
in
philosophy
of
biology
has
centered
around
biological
individuality.
Although
there
have
been
numerous
attempts
to
articulate
a
plausible
unifying
view
what
makes
something
individual,
the
results
are
often
conflicting
non-coextensive.
In
spite
these
disputes,
an
open
consensus
few
general
ideas
surfaced
(Pradeu
2016a).
One
common
assumption
that
carried
over
with
is
individuality
intrinsic
property
entities
(Clarke
This
tendency
reflected
properties
typically
selected
as
criteria:
individual
quite
themselves
possess.
I
draw
on
Ellen
Clarke’s
(2013)
evolutionary
account
individuality,
research
about
evolution
maintenance
cooperation
origins
multicellularity
(Brockhurst
et
al.
2007;
Gulli
2019),
important
parts
argue
against
this
trend.
What
not
always
question.
show
environmental
mechanisms
capable
acting
individuation
circumstances
resemble
early
transition
stages,
or
situations
where
departs
from
paradigm
cases.
Therefore,
necessarily
property.
Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
95(5), С. 1308 - 1324
Опубликована: Май 13, 2020
ABSTRACT
Given
one
conception
of
biological
individuality
(evolutionary,
physiological,
etc.),
can
a
holobiont
–
that
is
the
host
+
its
symbiotic
(mutualistic,
commensalist
and
parasitic)
microbiome
be
simultaneously
individual
an
ecological
community?
Herein,
we
support
this
possibility
by
arguing
notion
part‐dependent.
In
our
account,
ensemble
should
not
only
determined
in
use,
but
also
characteristics
part
under
investigation.
specific
case
holobionts,
evaluations
their
made
either
host‐relative
or
microbe‐relative.
We
claim
part‐dependent
drawing
upon
recent
empirical
evidence
regarding
physiology
hosts
microbes,
characterization
‘demibiont’.
Our
account
shows
contemporary
disagreements
about
derive
from
incorrect
understanding
ontology
individuality.
show
collaboration
between
philosophers
biologists
very
fruitful
attempts
to
solve
some
debates.
The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
70(3), С. 845 - 875
Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2018
Individuality
is
an
important
concept
in
biology,
yet
there
are
many
non-equivalent
criteria
of
individuality
expressed
different
kinds
biological
individuals.
This
article
evaluates
these
terms
their
capacity
to
support
explanatory
generalizations
over
the
systems
they
individuate.
Viewing
problem
from
this
perspective
promotes
a
splitting
strategy
which
make
epistemic
trade-offs
that
suit
them
for
roles.
I
argue
evolutionary
individuals,
interpreted
as
forming
functional
kind,
face
difficulties
individuation
and
power
mitigated
by
relying
on
more
structurally
based
properties
non-evolutionary
kinds.
1.
Introduction2.
Kinds
Biological
Individuals3.
Evolutionary
Individuals
Functional
Kinds4.
versus
Non-evolutionary
4.1.
Physiological
individuality4.2.
Ecological
individuality4.3.
Developmental
individuality5.
Conclusion
Current Zoology,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
65(5), С. 541 - 551
Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2018
Animal
individuality
is
challenging
to
explain
because
individual
differences
are
regulated
by
multiple
selective
forces
that
lead
unique
combinations
of
characteristics.
For
instance,
the
study
personality,
a
core
aspect
individuality,
may
benefit
from
integrating
other
factors
underlying
differences,
such
as
lateralized
cerebral
processing.
Indeed,
approach-withdrawal
hypothesis
(the
left
hemisphere
controls
approach
behavior,
right
withdrawal
behavior),
account
for
in
boldness
or
exploration
between
and
hemispheric
dominant
individuals.
To
analyze
relationships
personality
laterality
we
tested
80
male
piglets
with
established
patterns
2
motor
functions
(tail
curling
direction
side
snout
used
manipulation)
combined
classification
both
using
cluster
analysis.
We
analyzed
basal
salivary
testosterone
cortisol
along
their
behavior
standardized
tests
pre-established
indicators
different
traits
(Boldness,
Exploration,
Activity,
Sociability,
Coping).
found
single
biases
showed
significant
associations
few
traits.
However,
more,
more
robust,
compared
biases.
These
results
supported
right-biased
pigs
were
bolder
explorative
context
novelty.
Additionally,
sociable
than
left-biased
pigs.
Therefore,
present
indicates
indeed
related
processing
provides
insight
into
multifactorial
nature
individuality.
Immunology
and
philosophy
have
a
rich
history
of
dialogue.
Immunologists
long
been
influenced
by
ideas
from
philosophy,
notably
the
concept
'self',
many
philosophers
explored
conceptual,
theoretical
methodological
foundations
immunology.
Here,
I
discuss
two
aspects
this
dialogue:
biological
individuality
immunogenicity.
