Plant Holobiont Theory: The Phytomicrobiome Plays a Central Role in Evolution and Success

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(4), С. 675 - 675

Опубликована: Март 24, 2021

Under natural conditions, plants are always associated with a well-orchestrated community of microbes-the phytomicrobiome. The nature and degree microbial effect on the plant host can be positive, neutral, or negative, depends largely environment. phytomicrobiome is integral for growth function; microbes play key role in nutrient acquisition, biotic abiotic stress management, physiology regulation through microbe-to-plant signals, via production phytohormones. Relationships between members vary intimacy, ranging from casual associations roots rhizosphere community, to endophytes that live cells, endosymbiosis by cell resulting mitochondria chloroplasts. If we consider these organelles also phytomicrobiome, how do distinguish two? accept chloroplasts as both (entrained microbes), influence evolution becomes so profound without microbes, concept "plant" not viable. This paper argues holobiont should take greater precedence sciences when referring its community. inclusivity this accounts ambiguous entrained wide range functions played homeostasis.

Язык: Английский

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Social networking in crop plants: Wired and wireless cross‐plant communications

Plant Cell & Environment, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 44(4), С. 1095 - 1110

Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2020

Abstract The plant‐associated microbial community (microbiome) has an important role in plant–plant communications. Plants decipher their complex habitat situations by sensing the environmental stimuli and molecular patterns associated with microbes, herbivores dangers. Perception of these cues generates inter/intracellular signals that induce modifications plant metabolism physiology. Signals can also be transferred between plants via different mechanisms, which we classify as wired‐ wireless Wired communications involve direct signal transfers mediated mycorrhizal hyphae parasitic stems. Wireless volatile emissions root exudates elicited microbes/insects, enable inter‐plant signalling without physical contact. These producer‐plant microbiome adaptation receiver facilitative or competitive mechanisms. Receiver eavesdrop to anticipate responses improve fitness against stresses. An emerging body information communication leveraged integrated crop management under field conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Metagenomics: A Tool for Exploring Key Microbiome With the Potentials for Improving Sustainable Agriculture

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 6

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2022

Microorganisms are immense in nature and exist every imaginable ecological niche, performing a wide range of metabolic processes. Unfortunately, using traditional microbiological methods, most microorganisms remain unculturable. The emergence metagenomics has resolved the challenge capturing entire microbial community an environmental sample by enabling analysis whole genomes without requiring culturing. Metagenomics as non-culture approach encompasses greater amount genetic information than approaches. plant root-associated is essential for growth development, hence interactions between microorganisms, soil, plants to understand improve crop yields rural urban agriculture. Although some these currently unculturable laboratory, metagenomic techniques may nevertheless be used identify their functional traits. A detailed understanding organisms should facilitate improvement sustainable production soil soilless Therefore, objective this review provide insights into study microbiota ecology. In addition, different DNA-based role elaborating microbiomes discussed. As biotechnological potentials unlocked through metagenomics, they can develop new, useful unique bio-fertilizers bio-pesticides that not harmful environment.

Язык: Английский

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A complete guide to human microbiomes: Body niches, transmission, development, dysbiosis, and restoration

Frontiers in Systems Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2022

Humans are supra-organisms co-evolved with microbial communities (Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic), named the microbiome. These microbiomes supply essential ecosystem services that play critical roles in human health. A loss of indigenous microbes through modern lifestyles leads to extinctions, associated many diseases epidemics. This narrative review conforms a complete guide holobiont-comprising host all its symbiont populations- summarizes latest most significant research findings It pretends be comprehensive resource field, describing body niches their dominant taxa while discussing common perturbations on homeostasis, impacts urbanization restoration humanitarian efforts preserve good from extinction.

Язык: Английский

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Individuality Through Ecology: Rethinking the Evolution of Complex Life From an Externalist Perspective

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(12)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT The evolution of complex life forms, exemplified by multicellular organisms, can be traced through a series evolutionary transitions in individuality, beginning with the origin life, followed emergence eukaryotic cell, and, among other transitions, culminating shift from unicellularity to multicellularity. Several attempts have been made explain origins such many which internalist (i.e., based largely on internal properties ancestral entities). Here, we show how externalist perspectives shed new light questions pertaining individuality. We do this presenting ecological scaffolding framework forms arise an external scaffold. Ultimately, anticipate that progress will come recognition importance both and modes explanation. illustrate considering extension model cells modify environment later becomes scaffold giving rise

Язык: Английский

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The ecological importance of hybridization

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 38(11), С. 1097 - 1108

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2023

Hybridization as an evolutionary process has been studied in depth over the past few decades. Research focused on its role shaping reproductive barriers, adaptive value, and genomic consequences. In contrast, our knowledge of ecological dimensions hybridization is still infancy, despite being inherently interaction. Using examples from various organisms, we show that can affect be affected by non-reproductive interactions, including predation, competition, parasitism, mutualism, commensalism, organism–environment with significant implications for community structure ecosystem functioning. However, since these have mostly revealed studies designed to decipher other processes, argue much eco-evolutionary importance yet discovered.

Язык: Английский

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Units of Selection

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2023

This Element introduces the Disambiguating Project (DP) about units of selection. By DP, authors mean thesis that expression 'units selection' refers to at least three non-co-extensional functional concepts: interactor, replicator/reproducer/reconstitutor, and manifestor adaptation/type-1 agent. They present each concept demonstrate necessity their isolation, because them responds a distinct question selection, these questions are not always posed in combination today's biological research. further apply framework analysis debates concerning Evolutionary Transitions Individuality (ETI) argue DP interprets ETI better than any project rejecting meanings selection.' Thus, they claim differentiation between concepts is fundamental clarify some conceptual confusions biology, which rest on conflation meanings.

Язык: Английский

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A Sympoietic View of Life: Gaia as a Holobiont Community

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2023

A view of life, based on sympoiesis, metabolism, and the second law thermodynamics is proposed. Sympoiesis notion that organisms develop as teams, symbionts play roles in forming their partners. Metabolism seen to occur not only within these developmental symbionts, but between them, well. This occurs through thermodynamic principles finding lowest free energy states. Once one accepts metabolism holobionts emerge Gaia becomes readily understood. New ethical flow from considerations.

Язык: Английский

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Does the human microbiome tell us something about race?

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2021

Abstract This paper critically discusses the increasing trend in human microbiome research to draw on concept of race. refers attempt investigate microbial profile certain social and ethnic groups as embodied racial traits. Here, race is treated a necessary category that helps identifying solving health challenges, like obesity type-2 diabetes, ‘western’ or indigenous populations with particular characteristics. We are skeptical this new environmentalist racialize bodies due two reasons: (i) These studies repeat outdated historical narratives, which link especially nutrition ways prone stir stereotypical exclusionary views groups. (ii) The biological used here taxonomically problematic conceptually inconsistent. It leads view races constituted by other non-human species. In addition, approach cannot group individuals into decouples from ancestry. To support critique, we case Latin America.

Язык: Английский

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Environmentality in biomedicine: microbiome research and the perspectival body

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 91, С. 148 - 158

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2021

Microbiome research shows that human health is foundationally intertwined with the ecology of microbial communities living on and in our bodies. This challenges categorical separation organisms from environments has been central to biomedicine, questions boundaries between them. Biomedicine left an empirical problem: how understand causal pathways host health, microbiota environment? We propose a conceptual tool – environmentality think through this problem. Environmentality state or quality being environment for something else particular context: fully perspectival proposition. Its power lies partly what Isabelle Stengers called efficacy word itself, contrasting dominant sense as both external fixed. Through three case studies, we argue can help about causality vis-a-vis processual, relational situated manner, across scales temporalities. situate intervention within historical trajectories thought focusing challenge microbiome poses aperspectival body. addressing entanglements lives requires brought into clinic, thus shortening gap medicine public health.

Язык: Английский

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