medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2023
Abstract
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
a
growing
global
health
crisis,
affecting
millions
and
incurring
substantial
economic
costs.
However,
clinical
diagnosis
remains
challenging,
with
misdiagnoses
underdiagnoses
prevalent.
There
an
increased
focus
on
putative,
blood-based
biomarkers
that
may
be
useful
for
the
diagnosis,
as
well
early
detection,
of
AD.
In
present
study,
we
used
unbiased
combination
machine
learning
functional
network
analyses
to
identify
blood
gene
biomarker
candidates
in
Using
supervised
learning,
also
determine
whether
these
were
indeed
unique
AD
or
they
indicative
other
neurodegenerative
diseases
Parkinson’s
(PD)
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis
(ALS).
Our
showed
genes
involved
spliceosome
assembly,
RNA
binding,
transcription,
protein
synthesis,
mitoribosomes,
NADH
dehydrogenase
best
performing
identifying
patients
relative
cognitively
healthy
controls.
This
transcriptomic
signature,
however,
was
not
subsequent
this
signature
could
predict
PD
ALS
controls
without
disease.
Combined,
our
results
suggest
mRNA
from
whole
can
screen
neurodegeneration
but
less
effective
at
diagnosing
specific
Cells,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(2), С. 150 - 150
Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2024
The
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
is
a
fundamental
structure
that
protects
the
composition
of
brain
by
determining
which
ions,
metabolites,
and
nutrients
are
allowed
to
enter
from
blood
or
leave
it
towards
circulation.
BBB
structurally
composed
layer
capillary
endothelial
cells
(BCECs)
bound
each
other
through
tight
junctions
(TJs).
However,
its
development
as
well
maintenance
properties
controlled
contact
BCECs:
pericytes,
glial
cells,
even
neurons
themselves.
Astrocytes
seem,
in
particular,
have
very
important
role
controlling
most
BBB.
Here,
we
will
focus
on
these
latter
since
comprehension
their
roles
physiology
has
been
continuously
expanding,
including
ability
participate
neurotransmission
complex
functions
such
learning
memory.
Accordingly,
pathological
conditions
alter
astrocytic
can
BBB's
integrity,
thus
compromising
many
activities.
In
this
review,
also
refer
different
kinds
vitro
models
used
study
properties,
evidencing
modifications
under
conditions.
Biomarker Research,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2023
Abstract
Tumor-associated
macrophages
(TAMs),
one
of
the
most
abundant
immune
cell
types
in
tumor
microenvironment
(TME),
account
for
approximately
50%
local
hematopoietic
cells.
TAMs
play
an
important
role
tumorigenesis
and
development
through
crosstalk
between
various
cells
cytokines
TME.
Exosomes
are
small
extracellular
vesicles
with
a
diameter
50–150
nm,
that
can
transfer
biological
information
(e.g.,
proteins,
nucleic
acids,
lipids)
from
secretory
to
recipient
circulatory
system,
thereby
influencing
progression
human
diseases,
including
cancer.
Recent
studies
have
suggested
TAMs-derived
exosomes
crucial
roles
malignant
proliferation,
invasion,
metastasis,
angiogenesis,
responses,
drug
resistance,
metabolic
reprogramming.
potential
be
targeted
therapy.
In
addition,
abnormal
expression
non-coding
RNAs
proteins
is
closely
related
clinicopathological
features
patients
cancer,
these
expected
become
new
liquid
biopsy
markers
early
diagnosis,
prognosis,
monitoring
tumors.
this
review,
we
explored
provide
diagnostic
biomarkers
therapeutic
targets
cancer
prevention.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(1), С. 376 - 376
Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2025
The
vast
majority
of
breast
cancer
patients
require
radiotherapy
but
some
them
will
develop
local
recurrences
and
potentially
metastases
in
the
future.
Recent
data
show
that
exosomal
cargo
is
essential
these
processes.
Thus,
we
investigated
influence
ionising
radiation
on
exosome
properties
their
ability
to
modify
sensitivity
biology
non-irradiated
cells.
Exosomes
were
isolated
from
cell
lines
(MDA-MB-231,
MCF7,
SKBR3)
irradiated
with
2
Gy
(Exo
Gy)
or
no
irradiation
0
Gy).
Despite
differences
molecular
profiles,
they
did
not
affect
viability,
proliferation,
cycle
phase
distribution,
radioresistance;
however,
both
populations
showed
migration
invasion
potential,
as
confirmed
by
downregulation
β-catenin,
which
responsible
for
maintaining
epithelial
phenotype.
Interestingly,
exosomes
BCa
cells
more
actively
deposited
endothelial
(EA.hy926).
Furthermore,
tend
lower
expression
CD31,
intact
vascularity.
This
preliminary
study
demonstrates
vital
role
altered
profile
due
pathobiology
cancer.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(6), С. 3478 - 3478
Опубликована: Март 20, 2024
The
intestinal
ecological
environment
plays
a
crucial
role
in
nutrient
absorption
and
overall
well-being.
In
recent
years,
research
has
focused
on
the
effects
of
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
both
physiological
pathological
conditions
intestine.
intestine
does
not
only
consume
EVs
from
exogenous
foods,
but
also
those
other
endogenous
tissues
cells,
even
gut
microbiota.
alteration
microbiota
subsequently
gives
rise
to
changes
organs
systems,
including
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
namely
microbiome-gut-brain
axis,
which
exhibits
significant
involvement
EVs.
This
review
first
an
overview
generation
isolation
techniques
EVs,
then
mainly
focuses
elucidating
functions
derived
various
origins
microenvironment,
as
well
impacts
altered
microenvironment
systems.
Lastly,
we
discuss
microbial
cellular
axis.
enhances
understanding
specific
roles
system,
thereby
promoting
more
effective
treatment
strategies
for
certain
associated
diseases.
Journal of Extracellular Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
4(2)
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Extracellular
vesicles
(EV)
which
play
critical
roles
in
intercellular
communication,
have
garnered
interest
as
biomarkers
with
researchers
studying
brain‐related
disease
processes
due
to
their
ability
be
isolated
from
various
biofluids.
Astrocytes,
a
type
of
glial
cell,
role
neuronal
regulation
and
function.
As
such,
EV
enriched
astrocytes
can
used
interrogate
cargo
identify
mechanisms
by
communicate
other
cells
the
central
nervous
system
or
shed
light
on
pathophysiological
conditions.
This
manuscript
compared
five
isolation
methods
(differential
ultracentrifugation
[dUC],
precipitation,
precipitation
+
purification,
silicon
carbon
resin
size
exclusion
chromatography
[SEC])
using
small
volumes
human
plasma
serum
focus
immunocapture
astrocyte‐enriched
(AEEV),
excitatory
amino
acid
transporter
1,
GLAST.
Methods
were
evaluated
yield,
purity,
recovery
downstream
application
include
immunoassays
for
tetraspanin,
immune
astrocyte
markers.
Results
revealed
that
whilst
precipitation‐based
such
ExoQuick
yielded
higher
concentrations,
(SmartSEC,
qEV)
provided
greater
emphasizing
trade‐off
between
yield
purity.
study
provides
comprehensive
resource
selecting
tailored
biobanked
clinical
samples,
goal
advancing
biomarker
discovery
Neuroscience.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
25(1), С. 485 - 485
Опубликована: Дек. 29, 2023
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
nanoparticles
released
from
various
cell
types
that
have
emerged
as
powerful
new
therapeutic
option
for
a
variety
of
diseases.
EVs
involved
in
the
transmission
biological
signals
between
cells
and
regulation
processes,
highlighting
them
potential
novel
targets/platforms
therapeutics
intervention
and/or
delivery.
Therefore,
it
is
necessary
to
investigate
aspects
EVs'
biogenesis,
biodistribution,
metabolism,
excretion
well
safety/compatibility
both
unmodified
engineered
upon
administration
different
pharmaceutical
dosage
forms
delivery
systems.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
current
knowledge
essential
physiological
pathological
roles
organs
organ
We
provide
an
overview
regarding
application
targets,
therapeutics,
drug
platforms.
also
explore
approaches
implemented
over
years
improve
specific
EV
products
routes.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
24(19), С. 15011 - 15011
Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2023
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
a
growing
global
health
crisis
affecting
millions
and
incurring
substantial
economic
costs.
However,
clinical
diagnosis
remains
challenging,
with
misdiagnoses
underdiagnoses
being
prevalent.
There
an
increased
focus
on
putative,
blood-based
biomarkers
that
may
be
useful
for
the
as
well
early
detection
of
AD.
In
present
study,
we
used
unbiased
combination
machine
learning
functional
network
analyses
to
identify
blood
gene
biomarker
candidates
in
Using
supervised
learning,
also
determined
whether
these
were
indeed
unique
AD
or
they
indicative
other
neurodegenerative
diseases,
such
Parkinson’s
(PD)
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis
(ALS).
Our
showed
genes
involved
spliceosome
assembly,
RNA
binding,
transcription,
protein
synthesis,
mitoribosomes,
NADH
dehydrogenase
best-performing
identifying
patients
relative
cognitively
healthy
controls.
This
transcriptomic
signature,
however,
was
not
AD,
subsequent
this
signature
could
predict
PD
ALS
controls
without
disease.
Combined,
our
results
suggest
mRNA
from
whole
can
screen
neurodegeneration
but
less
effective
diagnosing
specific
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
77(12), С. 646 - 652
Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2023
The
present
study
examined
the
microbiome
abundance
and
composition
of
drug-naive
or
drug-free
patients
with
obsessive-compulsive
disorder
(OCD)
compared
healthy
controls.
In
addition,
in
OCD
group,
was
between
early-onset
late-onset
OCD.Serum
samples
were
collected
from
89
107
age-
sex-matched
Bacterial
DNA
isolated
bacteria-derived
extracellular
vesicles
serum
then
amplified
quantified
using
primers
specific
to
V3-V4
hypervariable
region
16S
ribosomal
RNA
gene.
gene
amplicon
sequencing
performed.The
pooled
estimate
showed
that
α-diversity
significantly
reduced
controls
(PShannon
=
0.00015).
a
statistically
significant
difference
observed
β-diversity
at
order
(P
0.012),
family
0.003),
genus
<
0.001),
species
0.005)
levels.
composition,
Pseudomonas,
Caulobacteraceae
(f),
Streptococcus,
Novosphingobium,
Enhydrobacter
level
less
prevalent
than
among
OCD,
microbial
versus
types
different
respect
genera
Corynebacterium
Pelomonas.The
an
aberrant
suggesting
role
microbiota-brain
interaction
pathophysiology
OCD.
Further
longitudinal
studies
larger
sample
sizes
adjusting
for
various
confounders
are
warranted.
