Challenges in quantifying genome erosion for conservation

Frontiers in Genetics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2022

Massive defaunation and high extinction rates have become characteristic of the Anthropocene. Genetic effects population decline can lead populations into an vortex, where declining show lower genetic fitness, in turn leading to still. The fitness a due shrinking gene pool is known as erosion. Three different types erosion are highlighted this review: overall homozygosity, load runs homozygosity (ROH), which indicative inbreeding. ability quantify could be very helpful tool for conservationists, it provide them with objective, quantifiable measure use assessment species at risk extinction. link between conservation status should more apparent. Currently, no clear correlation observed current However, quantities wild populations, especially those dealing habitat fragmentation decline, may early signs deteriorating populations. Whole genome sequencing data way forward Extra screening steps hybridization included, since they potentially great impact on fitness. This way, information yielded from sequence conservationists objective method complexity quantification asks consensus bridging science its applications, remains challenging.

Язык: Английский

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Selecting species and populations for monitoring of genetic diversity

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2022

One of the main challenges for conservation today is monitoring and understanding changes in biodiversity. Genetic diversity provides foundation biodiversity necessary long-term survival, adaptation, resilience not only individuals, but also populations, species, entire ecosystems. Monitoring genetic across different time points a first step to gain insight into extent which populations or species might be at risk, guide action provide evidence solutions. This guidance document aims resource that guides reader through decision evaluation processes take place when designing programme identifying most appropriate set monitor. intended practitioners (including governmental agencies, NGOs, locally responsible conservationists such as land managers) who need monitor wild.

Язык: Английский

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The Use of Near-Infrared Imaging (NIR) as a Fast Non-Destructive Screening Tool to Identify Drought-Tolerant Wheat Genotypes

Agriculture, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(4), С. 537 - 537

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2022

Due to climate change, many agricultural areas will face shortages in water availability; thus, the mission of upcoming decades is ensure food security while improving agriculture sustainability. The development wheat varieties that are more adaptable changing mandatory achieve this goal. Genetic resources can be key unlock a wide genetic potential, but faster, high throughput methods needed easily screen huge amount available resources. Phenotyping central element exploit as it allows us identify superior genotypes and selection gain. To select contrasting phenotypes within core set 149 durum genotypes, belonging National Research Council (CNR) germplasm collection, under drought stress conditions, we studied plant status gained by NIR imaging. By application present method, was possible rapidly putative highly tolerant drought, well for further studies and/or breeding programs. This promising approach scalable larger number pre-breeding program.

Язык: Английский

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Taking quantitative genomics into the wild

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 289(1989)

Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2022

We organized this special issue to highlight new work and review recent advances at the cutting edge of 'wild quantitative genomics'. In editorial, we will present some history wild genetic genomic studies, before discussing main themes in papers published highlighting future outlook dynamic field.

Язык: Английский

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Ecological versatility and biotechnological promise: Comprehensive characterization of the isolated thermophilic Bacillus strains

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(4), С. e0297217 - e0297217

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024

This study focuses on isolated thermophilic Bacillus species' adaptability and physiological diversity, highlighting their ecological roles potential industrial applications. We specifically investigated capacity to thrive in extreme conditions by examining environmental tolerances adaptations at the metabolic genetic levels. The primary objective is evaluate suitability of these species for biotechnological applications, considering resilience harsh environments. conducted a comparative analysis parameters various species. included growth temperature ranges, pH tolerance, oxygen requirements, carbohydrate fermentation patterns, colony morphology, enzymatic activities, properties. Controlled laboratory experiments provided data, which were then analyzed determine patterns diversity. research revealed that could endure temperatures as high 73°C, with generally lower limit 43°C. However, strains TBS35 TBS40 exceptions, growing 37°C. Most preferred slightly alkaline (optimal 8), but TBS34, TBS35, exhibited highly environments (pH 11). Oxygen requirement tests classified into aerobic, anaerobic, facultative aerobic categories. Genetic highlighted variations DNA concentrations, 16s rRNA gene lengths, G+C content across Although glucose was substrate fermentation, exceptions indicated flexibility. profiles varied, universal absence urease differences catalase oxidase production. Our findings underscore significant diversity under conditions. Their temperatures, levels, varied conditions, diverse features emphasize These insights deepen our understanding highlight

Язык: Английский

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Can genetic rescue help save Arabia's last big cat?

Evolutionary Applications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(5)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Abstract Genetic diversity underpins evolutionary potential that is essential for the long‐term viability of wildlife populations. Captive populations harbor genetic potentially lost in wild, which could be valuable release programs and rescue. The Critically Endangered Arabian leopard ( Panthera pardus nimr ) has disappeared from most its former range across Peninsula, with fewer than 120 individuals left an additional 64 leopards captivity. We (i) examine wild captive to identify global patterns structure; (ii) estimate size remaining population Dhofar mountains Oman using spatially explicit capture–recapture models on DNA camera trap data, (iii) explore impact rescue three complementary computer modeling approaches. estimated a 51 (95% CI 32–79) found 8 out 25 microsatellite alleles present eight loci were undetected wild. This includes two only founders known have been wild‐sourced Yemen, suggests this represents important source then assessed benefits reintroducing novel into as well risks elevating load through captive‐bred individuals. Simulations indicate can improve by reducing realized load. model also partly purged population, making it However, greater loss exacerbate genomic erosion during program, these should carefully evaluated. An next step recovery empirically validate conclusions, implement monitor genomics‐informed management plan, optimize strategy tool recover Arabia's last big cat.

Язык: Английский

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The role of forestry sciences in combating climate change and advancing sustainable development goals

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024

Introduction As ecological disasters loom, forests play a crucial role in mitigating climate change and aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aims to systematically examine contribution of forestry science research SDGs through multidisciplinary perspective, highlighting its advancing global sustainability efforts. Methods Utilizing PRISMA protocol, we conducted comprehensive analysis 39,841 publications since 2015, focusing on intersection sciences SDGs. Network keyword co-occurrence analyses were performed identify thematic clusters interdisciplinary linkages among Results Our findings indicate significant focus SDG 15 (Life Land) 13 (Climate Action), emphasizing sector’s contributions biodiversity conservation, mitigation, ecosystem services. The revealed centered around sustainability, sustainable energy, social development, demonstrating diverse ways which supports Discussion highlights nature identifies key areas while pointing potential gaps. Future should explore advanced technologies such as AI-driven analytics remote sensing, socioeconomic impacts forest-based livelihoods, innovative reforestation techniques. Strengthening urban forestry, enhancing cooperation, improving governance are recommended ensure continued

Язык: Английский

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Life on the edge: A new toolbox for population‐level climate change vulnerability assessments

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(11), С. 2038 - 2058

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2024

Abstract Global change is impacting biodiversity across all habitats on earth. New selection pressures from changing climatic conditions and other anthropogenic activities are creating heterogeneous ecological evolutionary responses many species' geographic ranges. Yet we currently lack standardised reproducible tools to effectively predict the resulting patterns in species vulnerability declines or range changes. We developed an informatic toolbox that integrates ecological, environmental genomic data analyses (environmental dissimilarity, distribution models, landscape connectivity, neutral adaptive genetic diversity, genotype‐environment associations offset) estimate population vulnerability. In our toolbox, functions structures coded a way so it applicable any region where appropriate available, for example individual sampling datasets (e.g. RAD‐seq, ddRAD‐seq, whole genome sequencing data) representing variation range. To demonstrate multi‐species applicability, apply three georeferenced co‐occurring East African spiny reed frogs ( Afrixalus fornasini, A. delicatus sylvaticus ) their vulnerability, as well demonstrating loss projections based can be accurately reproduced previous study using two European bat Myotis escalerai M. crypticus ). Our framework sets stage large scale, leveraged novel climate quantify intraspecific differences local adaptation, shifts exposure, sensitivity barriers.

Язык: Английский

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Plant conservation in the age of genome editing: opportunities and challenges

Genome biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2024

Abstract Numerous plant taxa are threatened by habitat destruction or overexploitation. To overcome these threats, new methods urgently needed for rescuing and endangered species. Here, we review the genetic consequences of threats to species populations. We highlight potential advantages genome editing mitigating negative effects caused pathogens pests climate change where other approaches have failed. propose solutions protect plants using technology unless absolutely necessary. further discuss challenges associated with in conservation mitigate decline diversity.

Язык: Английский

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Public attitudes to genetic technology for invasive pest control and preferences for engagement and information: a segmentation analysis

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025

Advances in genetic technology hold promise managing the increasing problem of invasive pests. The current study sought to improve our understanding public perceptions, and potential engagement pathways information needs as is researched potentially developed for deployment. A survey 1,149 Australians was conducted, sample segmented into 4 groups based on their attitudes: Certain Objectors, Fence Sitters, Cautious Supporters, Supporters. ‘Light touch’ activities appeared satisfy most people; yet more intensive engagements could be appropriate a small group who negative views towards technology. Across board, people wanted know about risks, regulation controls surrounding gene editing Those held positive also showed an interest scientific processes techniques, while what being done deal with social ethical issues. results provide insight 1) diversity views, associated beliefs feelings, among when confronted synthetic biology solution environmental problem, 2) how can tailored align people’s stated preferences, 3) issues biotechnology developers should address they endeavour design socially responsible way.

Язык: Английский

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