Factor structure of the parental reflective functioning questionnaire and association with maternal postpartum depression and comorbid symptoms of psychopathology

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 16(8), С. e0254792 - e0254792

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2021

Parental reflective functioning (PRF) refers to the parent’s capacity envision mental states in infant and themselves as a parent, link such underlying process with behavior, which is important for parenting sensitivity child socio-emotional development. Current findings have linked maternal postpartum depression impaired skills, imposing risk on developing mother–infant relationship, but are mixed, studies generally used extensive methods investigating PRF. The present study examined factor structure measurement invariance of Danish version 18-item self-report Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ) sample mothers without diagnosed depression. Moreover, association between PRF comorbid symptoms personality disorder and/or clinical levels psychological distress was investigated. Participants included 423 infants aged 1–11 months. Confirmatory analysis supported three-factor PRFQ; however, item loadings suggested that 15-item more accurate measure infants. Multi-group PRFQ indicated among Multinomial logistic regression showed associated psychopathology, although only combined other psychopathology. These results provide new evidence assessment self-reported skills measured by modified PRFQ, well nuanced understanding how variance symptomatology period differing ways.

Язык: Английский

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Psychometric Evaluation of the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire in Chinese Parents

Frontiers in Psychology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2022

Parental reflective functioning (PRF) is important for parenting and child development. To effectively assess PRF in Chinese parents, this study aimed to revise the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ) context. The original version of PRFQ (PRFQ-C) was revised by following psychometric validation procedures a sample parents (N = 2,021, 1,034 mothers 987 fathers). A series analyses, including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency reliability analysis, discriminant validity, criterion-related validity measurement invariance between fathers, were conducted. CFA results indicated that final 12-item, three-factor model had good fit {χ2(49) 472.381; CFI 0.929; TLI 0.904; RMSEA 0.065, 90%CI [0.060, 0.071]}. with 12 items (PRFQ-12C) showed satisfactory (omega 0.68-0.82), [heterotrait-monotrait (HTMT) values < 0.85], validity. PRFQ-12C also across fathers. In conclusion, psychometrically sound can be applied China.

Язык: Английский

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Parents’ reflective functioning and stress: The associations with preschoolers’ social understanding

Infant Mental Health Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025

Abstract Social understanding competence develops in sensitive and co‐regulating caregiver interactions. Parental reflective functioning (PRF) parenting stress can affect children's social understanding. This study investigated if was associated with PRF stress. Parents of 305 Italian children aged from 24 to 72 months ( M = 48.2, SD 13.9; 47.9% girls) completed an online survey. the following questionnaire: The Parenting Stress Index—Short Form , Reflective Functioning Questionnaire Children's Understanding Scale . Results showed that predicted by lower stress, b .002, p .017, parent's interest curiosity about child's mental states, .07, .013. Findings confirm high levels low constitute unfavorable conditions for preschoolers’ socio‐cognitive development. Thus, present have implication interventions aimed at improving should focus on reducing enhancing parental mentalizing.

Язык: Английский

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Parental reflective functioning and internalizing symptoms predict altruistic prosocial behaviour in children

British Journal of Developmental Psychology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2025

Abstract Mental health has a profound impact on how we interact with the world. How it shapes prosocial behaviour during middle childhood, period crucial for establishing healthy relationships, remains poorly understood. Moreover, whilst child mental and are influenced by caregiving experience more broadly, less is known about they shaped parental reflective functioning (PRF), that parents' capacity to represent their child's underlying states. A longitudinal design, assessments at baseline 1 year follow‐up, was used 233 children (111 boys; 6–13 years old; 54.9% White, 17.2% Asian, 2.58% Black, 14.2% Multiple ethnic groups, Other, 8.58% data unavailable). Using path modelling, examined interrelations between PRF, internalizing symptoms, follow‐up altruistic behaviour. At baseline, PRF associated symptoms positively predicted later. These findings suggest key influences in childhood.

Язык: Английский

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Psychological Flexibility, Parental Reflective Functioning, Parental Efficacy and Coping in Parents of Children With Autism

Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2025

Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience stress, potentially affecting parenting and child outcomes. The roles psychological flexibility parental reflective functioning in coping strategies parents ASD are not fully understood. study aims to examine differences flexibility, functioning, self-efficacy, among typical development (TD), while considering gender differences. In addition, it seeks explore whether efficacy mediates the association between coping. sample was comprised 210 Israeli parents, 86 having 124 TD. A moderation analysis conducted investigate model. demonstrated lower support-seeking higher proactive disengagement strategies. Mothers reported than fathers. ASD, self-efficacy mediated Policymakers should advance intervention enhance for a special focus on

Язык: Английский

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Infant carrying to enhance parental reflective functioning in early childhood: a model of direct and indirect pathways in a sample of adolescent mothers

Attachment & Human Development, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 24

Опубликована: Март 21, 2025

Research on infant carrying/babywearing is limited but suggests that frequent close physical contact increases maternal sensitivity and responsiveness. It unknown whether carrying promotes parental reflective functioning (PRF). In this prospective investigation, adolescent mothers (N=75; Mage=19.45; 57.4% non-white) in a multi-wave intervention trial were followed from early postpartum to preschool assess long-term impacts of the development PRF. Participation (β=0.33, p=0.03) representation as supporting wellbeing (β=0.36, p<0.01) predicted higher PRF when children 3.5 years old. There was significant indirect effect bonding tool enhanced during period via attunement at seven months (β=0.26, p=0.04). Participating an child-focused representations may support mentalizing among distinct direct pathways.

Язык: Английский

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Relationship of maternal childhood maltreatment and children’s emotional-behavioral problems: parental reflection functioning and social support’s role

BMC Psychology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Childhood maltreatment has profound and long-lasting effects, not only on the victims but also their offspring when they become parents later in life. This study aimed to investigate role of two key mediating factors—parental reflective functioning perceived social support—in relationship between maternal childhood children's emotional behavioral problems. We conducted a cross-sectional Iran from March June 2024. Mothers preschool children (4–6 years old) with or problems (N = 222; Mean age 34.06 ± 4.2 years) completed measures Questionnaire (CTQ), Parental Reflective Functioning (PRFQ), Perceived Social Support (PSS), outcomes, as assessed using Strengths Difficulties (SDQ). The SDQ includes subscales for symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer prosocial behavior. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used assess conceptual model. results revealed that had no direct association However, positively indirectly related (including problems) negatively These associations were mediated through pre-mentalizing modes parental functioning. Additionally, analysis significant support this relationship. findings highlight indirect various aspects underscores critical enhancing abilities mitigate adverse outcomes regulation adjustment. • addresses gap understanding nuanced focusing factors such support. Maternal is found have an including difficulties, behavior, pathway complexity familial influences child development. sequential significant. emphasize importance interventions at abilities. potential adjustment, offering valuable insights both clinical practices policy initiatives.

Язык: Английский

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Profiles of parental reflective functioning and mind‐mindedness in first‐time parents of 4‐month‐old infants

Infant Mental Health Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 12, 2025

Abstract Profiles of parental reflective functioning (PRF) may offer valuable insights into individual differences in PRF. Previous studies have identified PRF profiles; however, further validation is needed. This study aimed to investigate the convergent validity profiles by examining their association with a related measure mentalization: representational mind‐mindedness. Participants were 1168 first‐time mothers and 490 fathers living Denmark. In an online survey, parents reported on Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire—Infant Version described 4‐month‐old infant free‐text field, which was subsequently coded for frequency mental attributes used describe infant, indicating Results support previous findings potential at‐risk typical profiles, supporting these profiles. showed that High Pre‐Mentalizing profile lowest levels mind‐mindedness compared other maternal For fathers, members Moderate Interest lower Moderately Low Certainty . The current extends work showing evidence yet research still needed examine profiles’ generalizability associations observed parent outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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The invisible legacy: What is the impact of ACEs on parenting and child development?

MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL INFANZIA, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 27(1), С. 65 - 83

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

This study investigates the intergenerational transmission of trauma by analyzing impact parents' Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on parenting and child development. Results show that higher ACEs correlate with increased centrality (r = .460, p 0.05) post-traumatic symptoms, including avoidance .509, 0.05), hyperarousal .386, intrusion .510, 0.05). are also associated im-paired pa-rental mentalization .518, parental stress .668, which in turn predicted children's emotional dysregulation (ß 0.338, 0.005) internalizing symptoms 0.361, 0.010). These results emphasize cyclical nature its psychological across generations.

Язык: Английский

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Parental Mentalizing during Middle Childhood: How Is the Adoption of a Reflective Stance Associated with Child’s Psychological Outcomes?

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 19(10), С. 6205 - 6205

Опубликована: Май 19, 2022

This exploratory cross-sectional study attempts to understand the mechanisms underlying role of parental mentalizing in a child’s psychological functioning during middle childhood by using Parental Reflective Functioning (PRF) and Insightfulness (PI) constructs. The main aims are examine PI PRF as processes capable influencing terms emotional–behavioral difficulties social–emotional competencies. Eighty-six community parents (48 mothers, 38 fathers) their 50 children (Mage = 10.10, SD 1.13) participated this study, recruited through non-probabilistic sampling. following measures were used assess study: Assessment, Questionnaire, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Devereux Student Strengths Assessment (DESSA) questionnaires. Results showed that was found be significantly associated with both internalizing externalizing symptoms competencies reported CBCL DESSA may offer contribution childhood, supporting hypothesis parents’ ability mental states could affect functioning. Clinical theoretical implications geared toward family-based view specific focus on importance fostering positive attitude processes.

Язык: Английский

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