Experiments
were
conducted
in
an
UK
inter-city
train
carriage
with
the
aim
of
evaluating
risk
infection
to
SARS-CoV-2
virus
via
airborne
transmission.
The
experiments
included
in-service
CO2
measurements
and
measurement
salt
aerosol
concentrations
released
within
carriage.
Computational
fluid
dynamics
simulations
airflow
also
used
visualise
patterns,
efficacy
HVAC
filter
material
was
tested
a
laboratory.
Assuming
infectious
person
is
present,
for
1-h
journey
estimated
be
6
times
lower
than
full
day
well-ventilated
office,
or
10-12
poorly
ventilated
office.
While
absolute
typical
likely
low,
case
where
particularly
individual
on-board,
there
potential
number
secondary
infections
occur
during
journey.
Every
effort
should
therefore
made
minimize
these
carriages.
Recommendations
are
given
use
sensors
evaluation
transmission
on
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2024
We
describe
a
novel
biosafety
aerosol
chamber
equipped
with
state-of-the-art
instrumentation
for
bubble-bursting
generation,
size
distribution
measurement,
and
condensation-growth
collection
to
minimize
sampling
artifacts
when
measuring
virus
infectivity
in
particles.
Using
this
facility,
we
investigated
the
effect
of
relative
humidity
(RH)
very
clean
air
without
trace
gases
(except
∼400
ppm
CO
2
)
on
preservation
influenza
A
(IAV)
saline
characterized
terms
99%-inactivation
time,
t
99
,
metric
consider
most
relevant
airborne
transmission.
The
viruses
remained
infectious
long
namely
>
5
h,
if
RH
<
30%
particles
effloresced.
Under
intermediate
conditions
(40%
70%),
loss
was
rapid
(
≈
15–20
min,
up
35
min
at
95%
RH).
This
is
more
than
an
order
magnitude
faster
suggested
by
many
previous
studies
aerosol-borne
IAV,
possibly
due
use
matrices
containing
organic
molecules,
such
as
proteins,
protective
effects
virus.
tested
hypothesis
adding
sucrose
our
aerosolization
medium
and,
indeed,
observed
protection
IAV
(55%).
Interestingly,
measurements
are
also
systematically
lower
those
1-μL
droplet
organic-free
solutions,
which
cannot
be
explained
particle
alone.
Viruses,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
14(7), С. 1497 - 1497
Опубликована: Июль 8, 2022
The
airborne
transmission
of
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
has
been
identified
as
a
potential
pandemic
challenge,
especially
in
poorly
ventilated
indoor
environments,
such
certain
hospitals,
schools,
public
buildings,
and
transports.
impacts
meteorological
parameters
(temperature
humidity)
physical
property
(droplet
size)
on
the
settings
have
previously
investigated.
However,
chemical
properties
viral
droplets
aerosol
particles
(i.e.,
composition
acidity
(pH))
viability
remain
largely
unknown.
Recent
studies
suggest
high
organic
content
(proteins)
supports
prolonged
survival
virus
by
forming
glassy
gel-type
structure
that
restricts
inactivation
process
under
low
relative
humidity
(RH).
In
addition,
was
found
at
neutral
pH,
observed
to
be
best
(<5)
pH
(>10)
values
(enveloped
bacteriophage
Phi6).
Due
limited
available
information,
this
article
illustrates
an
urgent
need
research
impact
exhaled
viability.
This
will
improve
our
fundamental
understanding
mechanisms.
Experiments
were
conducted
in
an
UK
inter-city
train
carriage
with
the
aim
of
evaluating
risk
infection
to
SARS-CoV-2
virus
via
airborne
transmission.
The
experiments
included
in-service
CO2
measurements
and
measurement
salt
aerosol
concentrations
released
within
carriage.
Computational
fluid
dynamics
simulations
airflow
also
used
visualise
patterns,
efficacy
HVAC
filter
material
was
tested
a
laboratory.
Assuming
infectious
person
is
present,
for
1-h
journey
estimated
be
6
times
lower
than
full
day
well-ventilated
office,
or
10-12
poorly
ventilated
office.
While
absolute
typical
likely
low,
case
where
particularly
individual
on-board,
there
potential
number
secondary
infections
occur
during
journey.
Every
effort
should
therefore
made
minimize
these
carriages.
Recommendations
are
given
use
sensors
evaluation
transmission
on
