European Journal of Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 177510 - 177510
Опубликована: Март 1, 2025
Humanin
(HN)
is
an
endogenous
micropeptide
also
known
as
a
mitochondria-derived
peptide.
It
has
neuroprotective
effect
against
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
and
other
neurodegenerative
diseases
by
improving
hippocampal
acetylcholine
attenuating
the
development
of
oxidative
stress
associated
neurotoxicity.
HN
protects
neuron
from
toxic
effects
amyloid
beta
(Aβ).
regarded
biomarker
mitochondrial
stress.
Interestingly,
aging
reduces
brain
expression
HN,
leading
to
cognitive
impairment
elevating
risk
neurodegeneration,
including
AD.
However,
in
old
subjects
AD
patients,
circulating
levels
increase
compensatory
mechanism
reduce
neurodegeneration
dysfunction
Conversely,
studies
demonstrated
reduction
These
findings
indicated
controversial
points
regarding
precise
mechanistic
role
Therefore,
aim
this
review
was
discuss
exact
neuropathology
molecular
mechanisms
Molecular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
29(1)
Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2023
Abstract
Autophagy
is
an
explicit
cellular
process
to
deliver
dissimilar
cytoplasmic
misfolded
proteins,
lipids
and
damaged
organelles
the
lysosomes
for
degradation
elimination.
The
mechanistic
target
of
rapamycin
(mTOR)
main
negative
regulator
autophagy.
mTOR
pathway
involved
in
regulating
neurogenesis,
synaptic
plasticity,
neuronal
development
excitability.
Exaggerated
activity
associated
with
temporal
lobe
epilepsy,
genetic
acquired
experimental
epilepsy.
In
particular,
complex
1
(mTORC1)
mainly
epileptogenesis.
investigation
autophagy’s
involvement
epilepsy
has
recently
been
conducted,
focusing
on
critical
role
rapamycin,
autophagy
inducer,
reducing
severity
induced
seizures
animal
model
studies.
induction
could
be
innovative
therapeutic
strategy
managing
Despite
protective
against
epileptogenesis
its
status
epilepticus
(SE)
perplexing
might
beneficial
or
detrimental.
Therefore,
present
review
aims
revise
possible
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
28(2)
Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2023
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
heterogeneous
neurodegenerative
with
multifaceted
neuropathological
disorders.
AD
characterized
by
intracellular
accumulation
of
phosphorylated
tau
proteins
and
extracellular
deposition
amyloid
beta
(Aβ).
Various
protease
enzymes,
including
neprilysin
(NEP),
are
concerned
the
degradation
clearance
Aβ.
Indeed,
defective
neuronal
pathway
due
to
dysfunction
enzymes
might
be
possible
mechanism
for
Aβ
subsequent
progression
neuropathology.
NEP
one
most
imperative
metalloproteinase
involved
in
This
review
aimed
highlight
role
inhibitors
AD.
The
combination
sacubitril
valsartan
which
called
angiotensin
receptor
blocker
inhibitor
(ARNI)
may
produce
beneficial
deleterious
effects
on
increase
risk
inhibition
clearance,
brain
bradykinin
(BK)
natriuretic
peptides
(NPs),
augment
pathogenesis
These
verdicts
come
from
animal
model
studies,
though
they
not
applied
humans.
However,
clinical
studies
revealed
promising
safety
findings
regarding
use
ARNI.
Moreover,
increases
various
neuroprotective
inflammation,
glucose
homeostasis
nerve
conduction.
Also,
inhibit
dipeptidyl
peptidase
4
(DPP4)
expression,
ameliorating
insulin
glucagon-like
peptide
1
(GLP-1)
levels.
proposed
that
have
protective
effect
against
development
increasing
GLP-1,
neuropeptide
Y
(NPY)
substance
P,
BK.
Preclinical
recommended
this
regard.
Autophagy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
20(7), С. 1473 - 1482
Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024
Myasthenia
gravis
(MG)
is
an
autoimmune
disease
of
the
neuromuscular
junction
(NMJ)
that
results
from
autoantibodies
against
nicotinic
acetylcholine
receptors
(nAchRs)
at
NMJs.
These
are
mainly
originated
autoreactive
B
cells
bind
and
destroy
nAchRs
NMJs
preventing
nerve
impulses
activating
end-plates
skeletal
muscle.
Indeed,
immune
dysregulation
plays
a
crucial
role
in
pathogenesis
MG.
Autoreactive
increased
MG
due
to
defect
central
peripheral
tolerance
mechanisms.
As
well,
T
augmented
diversion
regulatory
(T
Molecular Neurobiology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
61(9), С. 7092 - 7108
Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2024
Abstract
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD)
is
a
progressive
neurodegenerative
of
the
brain
due
to
degeneration
dopaminergic
neurons
in
substantia
nigra
(SN).
Glycogen
synthase
kinase
3
beta
(GSK-3β)
implicated
pathogenesis
PD.
Therefore,
purpose
present
review
was
revise
mechanistic
role
GSK-3β
PD
neuropathology,
and
how
inhibitors
affect
neuropathology.
GSK-3
conserved
threonine/serine
protein
that
intricate
regulation
cellular
anabolic
catabolic
pathways
by
modulating
glycogen
synthase.
Over-expression
also
interconnected
with
development
different
diseases.
However,
underlying
mechanism
neuropathology
not
fully
clarified.
induces
triggering
mitochondrial
dysfunction
oxidative
stress
SN.
NF-κB
NLRP3
inflammasome
are
activated
response
dysregulated
leading
neuronal
injury.
Higher
expression
early
stages
might
contribute
reduction
neuroprotective
brain-derived
neurotrophic
factor
(BDNF).
Thus,
may
be
effective
reducing
inflammatory
disorders
which
associated
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18
Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024
Amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis
(ALS)
is
a
progressive
neurodegenerative
disease
of
motor
neurons
characterized
by
muscle
weakness,
twitching,
and
wasting.
ALS
regarded
as
the
third-most
frequent
disease,
subsequent
to
Alzheimer's
(AD)
Parkinson's
(PD).
The
World
Health
Organization
(WHO)
in
2007
declared
that
prolonged
use
statins
may
induce
development
ALS-like
syndrome
increase
risk.
Subsequently,
different
studies
have
implicated
pathogenesis
ALS.
In
contrast,
results
from
preclinical
clinical
highlighted
protective
role
against
neuropathology.
Recently,
meta-analyses
systematic
reviews
illustrated
no
association
between
long-term
These
findings
controversial
points
regarding
effects
on
neuroprotective
progression
be
mediated
regulating
dyslipidemia
inflammatory
changes.
However,
mechanism
for
induction
neuropathology
related
dysregulation
liver
X
receptor
signaling
(LXR)
reduction
cholesterol,
which
has
effect
Nevertheless,
exact
was
not
fully
elucidated.
Therefore,
this
narrative
review
aims
discuss
