Molecular Changes in the Ischemic Brain as Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Targets—TMS and tDCS Mechanisms, Therapeutic Challenges, and Combination Therapies DOI Creative Commons

Aleksandra Markowska,

Beata Tarnacka

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(7), С. 1560 - 1560

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2024

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes death and disability. As currently used neurorehabilitation methods present several limitations, ongoing research focuses on use non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as transcranial magnetic (TMS) direct current (tDCS). NIBS were demonstrated to modulate neural excitability improve motor cognitive functioning in neurodegenerative diseases. However, their mechanisms action are not fully elucidated, clinical outcomes often unpredictable. This review explores molecular processes underlying effects TMS tDCS rehabilitation, including oxidative stress reduction, cell death, neurogenesis, neuroprotective phenotypes glial cells. A highlight put newly emerging therapeutic targets, ferroptotic pyroptotic pathways. In addition, issue interindividual variability discussed, role neuroimaging investigated get closer personalized medicine. Furthermore, translational challenges analyzed, limitations trials investigated. The paper concludes with suggestions for further treatment, putting focus combination therapies, well novel protocols techniques.

Язык: Английский

Ferroptosis inhibitors: past, present and future DOI Creative Commons
Lei Zhang, Yi Luo, Yang Xiang

и другие.

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Май 23, 2024

Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic mode of programmed cell death characterized by iron dependence and lipid peroxidation. Since the ferroptosis was proposed, researchers have revealed mechanisms its formation continue to explore effective inhibitors in disease. Recent studies shown correlation between pathological neurodegenerative diseases, as well diseases involving tissue or organ damage. Acting on ferroptosis-related targets may provide new strategies for treatment ferroptosis-mediated diseases. This article specifically describes metabolic pathways summarizes reported action natural synthetic small molecule their efficacy The paper also treatments such gene therapy, nanotechnology, summarises challenges encountered clinical translation inhibitors. Finally, relationship other modes discussed, hopefully paving way future drug design discovery.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

23

Rosmarinic acid Liposomes Suppress Ferroptosis in Ischemic Brain via Inhibition of TfR1 in BMECs DOI

Cui-Ling Jia,

Yujing Gou,

Yuhui Gao

и другие.

Phytomedicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 132, С. 155835 - 155835

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

9

A new strategy for the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage: Ferroptosis DOI

Ke Yao Sun,

Xin Yue Bai,

Lei Zhang

и другие.

Experimental Neurology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 382, С. 114961 - 114961

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2024

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

5

Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 4 Suppresses Neuronal Ferroptosis After Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion DOI
Kechun Chen, Bingtian Xu, Lu Long

и другие.

Molecular Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2024

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

4

Post-cerebral ischemia energy crisis: the role of glucose metabolism in the energetic crisis DOI

Jia-Ting Li,

Dian Ou,

­Yi-Ming Shi

и другие.

Brain Injury, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 11

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2025

Cells universally employ an efficiency-driven metabolic switch mechanism during nutritional changes, growth, and differentiation, transitioning from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis ensure survival under hypoxic conditions or high energy demands. In cerebral ischemia, inadequate blood supply causes oxygen deprivation, prompting brain cells initiate glycolytic reprogramming meet urgent needs. While this adaptation is a temporary solution, it may lead lactic acidosis, aggravated inflammation, increased free radical production. Prolonged reperfusion with sustained can exacerbate cell damage, potentially causing irreversible harm. This review systematically examines the dynamic changes in glucose transport mechanisms roles of immediate, early, intermediate, late responder cells, along their regulatory factors, reprogramming. Using temporal analysis framework based on body's natural response sequence pathological events, we elucidate how at different stages collaborate address metabolism conditions. Reversing inhibiting improve processes ischemic stroke, offering potential therapeutic benefits.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0

Electroacupuncture Inhibits Ferroptosis by Modulating Iron Metabolism and Oxidative Stress to Alleviate Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury DOI Creative Commons
Yaoyao Liu, Qi Wang, Zongliu Hou

и другие.

Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 75(2)

Опубликована: Май 3, 2025

Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the leading causes mortality and long-term disability worldwide. Electroacupuncture (EA) commonly used in treatment IS, meaning that may reduce cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). The middle artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat models were created by modified Zea Longa suture method. EA was performed for 7 consecutive days at acupoints Neiguan (PC6), Shuigou (GV26), Sanyinjiao (SP6). neurological function assessed using Zausinger six-point deficiency score. infarct volume detected 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining employed to observe pathological changes brain tissues. Prussian blue investigate iron deposition within Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) utilized examine morphological characteristics mitochondria. Simultaneously, flow cytometry detect fluorescence intensity reactive oxygen species (ROS). Assay kits measure levels Fe2+ glutathione (GSH). Additionally, western blot (WB) real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays evaluate expression proteins associated with ferroptosis. Compared MCAO/R group, both + DFO groups exhibited significant improvements following (CIR), attenuated tissue injury, reduced tissue. Furthermore, displayed a marked reduction mitochondrial injury. There substantial decrease ROS levels, accompanied notable increase GSH level peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity. ferroportin1 (FPN1) protein mRNA significantly increased groups, transferrin (TF), receptor 1 (TFR1), divalent metal transporter (DMT1) mRNA, as well ferritin (FER) protein, decreased. inhibits ferroptosis modulating metabolism oxidative stress alleviate CIRI, exerting neuroprotective effects.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0

Mechanistic role of environmental toxicants in inducing cellular ferroptosis and its associated diseases DOI
Hong Chen,

Bingchun Liu,

Peixin Xu

и другие.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 298, С. 118269 - 118269

Опубликована: Май 10, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0

Molecular Changes in the Ischemic Brain as Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Targets—TMS and tDCS Mechanisms, Therapeutic Challenges, and Combination Therapies DOI Creative Commons

Aleksandra Markowska,

Beata Tarnacka

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(7), С. 1560 - 1560

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2024

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes death and disability. As currently used neurorehabilitation methods present several limitations, ongoing research focuses on use non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as transcranial magnetic (TMS) direct current (tDCS). NIBS were demonstrated to modulate neural excitability improve motor cognitive functioning in neurodegenerative diseases. However, their mechanisms action are not fully elucidated, clinical outcomes often unpredictable. This review explores molecular processes underlying effects TMS tDCS rehabilitation, including oxidative stress reduction, cell death, neurogenesis, neuroprotective phenotypes glial cells. A highlight put newly emerging therapeutic targets, ferroptotic pyroptotic pathways. In addition, issue interindividual variability discussed, role neuroimaging investigated get closer personalized medicine. Furthermore, translational challenges analyzed, limitations trials investigated. The paper concludes with suggestions for further treatment, putting focus combination therapies, well novel protocols techniques.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

2