Early evidence of the impact of cannabis legalization on cannabis use, cannabis use disorder, and the use of other substances: Findings from state policy evaluations

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 45(6), С. 644 - 663

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2019

Background: The past decade has seen unprecedented shifts in the cannabis policy environment, and public health impacts of these changes will hinge on how they affect patterns use harms associated with other substances.Objectives: To review existing research state substance use, emphasizing studies using methods for causal inference highlighting gaps our understanding evolving markets.Methods: Narrative quasi-experimental medical laws (MCLs) recreational (RCLs) disorders, as well or from alcohol, opioids, tobacco.Results: Research suggests MCLs increase adult but not adolescent provisions less regulated supply may disorders. These reduce some opioid-related harms, while their alcohol tobacco remain uncertain. RCLs is just emerging, findings suggest little impact prevalence potential increases college student unknown effects use.Conclusions: influence advanced importance heterogeneity policies, populations, market dynamics, relate to often ignore factors. Understanding requires greater attention differences short- versus long-term laws, nuances policies consumption, careful consideration appropriate control groups.

Язык: Английский

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Consequences of adolescent drug use

Translational Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2023

Abstract Substance use in adolescence is a known risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric and substance disorders adulthood. This part due to fact that critical aspects brain occur during adolescence, which can be altered by drug use. Despite concerted efforts educate youth about potential negative consequences use, initiation remains common amongst adolescents world-wide. Additionally, though there has been substantial research on topic, many questions remain predictors adolescent In following review, we will highlight some most recent literature neurobiological behavioral effects rodents, non-human primates, humans, with specific focus alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, interactions between these substances. Overall, consumption substances produce long-lasting changes across variety structures networks have enduring behavior, emotion, cognition.

Язык: Английский

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Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG) for reducing health harms from non-medical cannabis use: A comprehensive evidence and recommendations update

International Journal of Drug Policy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 99, С. 103381 - 103381

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2021

Cannabis use is common, especially among young people, and associated with risks for various health harms. Some jurisdictions have recently moved to legalization/regulation pursuing public goals. Evidence-based 'Lower Risk Use Guidelines' (LRCUG) recommendations were previously developed reduce modifiable risk factors of cannabis-related adverse outcomes; related evidence has evolved substantially since. We aimed review new scientific develop comprehensively up-to-date LRCUG, including their recommendations, on this basis. Targeted searches literature (since 2016) main outcomes by the user-individual conducted. Topical areas informed previous LRCUG content expanded upon current evidence. Searches preferentially focused systematic reviews, supplemented key individual studies. The results evidence-graded, topically organized narratively summarized; through an iterative expert consensus development process. A substantial body cannabis use-related harms identified varying quality. Twelve substantive recommendation clusters three precautionary statements developed. In general, suggests that individuals can if they delay onset until after adolescence, avoid high-potency (THC) products high-frequency/-intensity use, refrain from smoking-routes administration. While people are particularly vulnerable harms, other sub-groups (e.g., pregnant women, drivers, older adults, those co-morbidities) advised exercise particular caution risks. Legal/regulated should be used where possible. result in outcomes, mostly higher-risk use. Reducing help offer one targeted intervention component within a comprehensive approach They require effective audience-tailoring dissemination, regular updating as become available, evaluated impact.

Язык: Английский

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An update on cannabis use disorder with comment on the impact of policy related to therapeutic and recreational cannabis use

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 269(1), С. 73 - 86

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Joint perceptions of the risk and availability of Cannabis in the United States, 2002-2018

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 226, С. 108873 - 108873

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Recreational cannabis legalization alters associations among cannabis use, perception of risk, and cannabis use disorder treatment for adolescents and young adults

Addictive Behaviors, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 138, С. 107552 - 107552

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Comparative Effects of Recreational and Medical Marijuana Laws on Drug Use among Adults and Adolescents

The Journal of Law and Economics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 65(3), С. 515 - 554

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2022

Thirty-four states have medical marijuana laws, and 10 recreational laws. Little research compares how these two types of laws affect drug consumption in the general population or particular age groups. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, we find that increase past-year use by 25 percent among adults adolescents. In contrast, adult only 5 negligible effect on adolescent use. We also dispensaries are an important driver for 26 older. Our results suggest succeed mitigating (nonmedical) use, produce large increases population, underage may be problem with existing implementations

Язык: Английский

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A Systematic Review of Trends in US Attitudes toward Cannabis Legalization

Substance Use & Misuse, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 57(7), С. 1052 - 1061

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2022

Introductions: In the United States (US), support for cannabis legalization has increased over time. This study examines historical changes in attitudes and period-specific individual external influences on these.Methods A systematic search was conducted publications PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO up to October 2019. Six studies with a regionally or nationally representative adult US-based populations were included. secondary analysis using data from National Survey of Drug Use Health. Hierarchical age-period-cohort assessed trends perceived harmfulness availability between 1996 2018. Ecological comparisons made these perceptions time.Results steep growth began 1990s continued grow relatively linear manner. Most people developed more liberal views, no evidence that within any one sociodemographic group disproportionately responsible overall attitudinal change. Increases proportion who use cannabis, non-religious population political liberalism may partially explain legalization. The decline as reflected media, have contributed However, remained stable despite significant relaxations regulations.Conclusions US become accepting change is related risks benefits use, influenced by broader cultural period.

Язык: Английский

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Association of Depression With Past-Month Cannabis Use Among US Adults Aged 20 to 59 Years, 2005 to 2016

JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 3(8), С. e2013802 - e2013802

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2020

Importance

Despite studies showing that repeated cannabis use may worsen depressive symptoms, the popular media increasingly presents as beneficial to mental health, and many members of public view for depression. Therefore, among individuals with depression be becoming more prevalent.

Objective

To examine association past-month US adults time trends this from 2005 2016.

Design, Setting, Participants

This cross-sectional study used data 16 216 aged 20 59 years who were surveyed by National Health Nutrition Examination Survey, a national, annual, survey in United States, between Data analysis was conducted January February 2020.

Exposures

Survey year depression, indicated score at least 10 on Patient Questionnaire–9.

Main Outcomes Measures

Any (ie, ≥1 past 30 days) daily or near-daily ≥20 uses days). Logistic regression prevalence use,

Results

The final included adults, whom 7768 (weighted percentage, 48.9%) men, 6809 66.4%) non-Hispanic White participants, 9494 65.6%) had some college education. They weighted mean age 39.12 (95% CI, 38.23-39.40) years. Individuals 1.90 1.62-2.24) times odds any 2.29 1.80-2.92) compared those without increased significantly ratio 1.46 1.07-1.99) 2006 2.30 1.82-2.91) 2015 1.37 0.81-2.32) 3.16 2.23-4.48)

Conclusions Relevance

findings indicate are increasing risk particularly strong increase use. Clinicians should aware these evidence does not treat effectively when discussing patients.

Язык: Английский

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Long-term effects of maternal cannabis vapor exposure on emotional reactivity, social behavior, and behavioral flexibility in offspring

Neuropharmacology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 179, С. 108288 - 108288

Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2020

Язык: Английский

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