Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Public health implications of legalising the production and sale of cannabis for medicinal and recreational use

The Lancet, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 394(10208), С. 1580 - 1590

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Assessing the public health impacts of legalizing recreational cannabis use: the US experience

World Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 19(2), С. 179 - 186

Опубликована: Май 11, 2020

The sale of cannabis for adult recreational use has been made legal in nine US states since 2012, and nationally Uruguay 2013 Canada 2018. We review research on the effects legalization among adults adolescents cannabis-related harms; impact legalizing price, availability, potency use; regulatory policies that may increase or limit adverse legalization. substantially reduced price cannabis, increased its potency, more available to users. It appears have frequency adults, but not so far youth. also emergency department attendances hospitalizations some harms. relatively modest date probably reflect restrictions number locations retail outlets constraints commercialization under a continued federal prohibition cannabis. Future evaluations should monitor: sales volumes, prices content tetrahydrocannabinol; prevalence household high school surveys; car crash fatalities injuries involving drivers who are cannabis-impaired; presentations related cannabis; demand treatment disorders; regular vulnerable young people mental health services, schools criminal justice system. Governments propose legalize regulate need fund monitor impacts these policy changes public health, take advantage this develop ways regulating can-nabis minimize health.

Язык: Английский

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Medical Marijuana, Recreational Cannabis, and Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Circulation, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 142(10)

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2020

Cannabis, or marijuana, has potential therapeutic and medicinal properties related to multiple compounds, particularly Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol cannabidiol. Over the past 25 years, attitudes toward cannabis have evolved rapidly, with expanding legalization of medical recreational use at state level in United States nationally Canada Uruguay. As a result, consumption products is increasing considerably, among youth. Our understanding safety efficacy been limited by decades worldwide illegality continues be ongoing classification as Schedule 1 controlled substance. These shifts require clinicians understand conflicting laws, health implications, possibilities. Cannabis may benefits, but few are cardiovascular nature. Conversely, many concerning implications include diseases, although they mediated mechanisms delivery. This statement critically reviews from clinical also policy public perspective evaluating its profile, relationship health.

Язык: Английский

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Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG) for reducing health harms from non-medical cannabis use: A comprehensive evidence and recommendations update

International Journal of Drug Policy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 99, С. 103381 - 103381

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2021

Cannabis use is common, especially among young people, and associated with risks for various health harms. Some jurisdictions have recently moved to legalization/regulation pursuing public goals. Evidence-based 'Lower Risk Use Guidelines' (LRCUG) recommendations were previously developed reduce modifiable risk factors of cannabis-related adverse outcomes; related evidence has evolved substantially since. We aimed review new scientific develop comprehensively up-to-date LRCUG, including their recommendations, on this basis. Targeted searches literature (since 2016) main outcomes by the user-individual conducted. Topical areas informed previous LRCUG content expanded upon current evidence. Searches preferentially focused systematic reviews, supplemented key individual studies. The results evidence-graded, topically organized narratively summarized; through an iterative expert consensus development process. A substantial body cannabis use-related harms identified varying quality. Twelve substantive recommendation clusters three precautionary statements developed. In general, suggests that individuals can if they delay onset until after adolescence, avoid high-potency (THC) products high-frequency/-intensity use, refrain from smoking-routes administration. While people are particularly vulnerable harms, other sub-groups (e.g., pregnant women, drivers, older adults, those co-morbidities) advised exercise particular caution risks. Legal/regulated should be used where possible. result in outcomes, mostly higher-risk use. Reducing help offer one targeted intervention component within a comprehensive approach They require effective audience-tailoring dissemination, regular updating as become available, evaluated impact.

Язык: Английский

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Identifying risk-thresholds for the association between frequency of cannabis use and development of cannabis use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 238, С. 109582 - 109582

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Cognitive outcomes associated with long-term, regular, recreational cannabis use in adults: A meta-analysis.

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 28(4), С. 471 - 494

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2019

Despite research advances, it remains unclear if long-term, regular cannabis use harms cognition once intoxication has passed. Our meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between cognitive functioning and long-term (mean ≥2 years), ≥4 days/week), recreational in adults during abstinence ≥12 hr). We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Dissertations Theses International for English-language articles from date each database began until May 22, 2019. identified study inclusion by completing abstract full text screening using predetermined criteria Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Review Meta-Analysis guidelines. classified performance into 6 domains (attention, executive function, learning memory, decision making, information processing, working memory), included a global measure. Effect sizes were calculated domain univariate meta-analyses. There 30 studies with total 849 participants who used (M = 30.7-years-old, SD 5.5-years-old) 764 control 30.3-years-old, 5.9-years-old). Cannabis was associated significant but small-magnitude deficits cognition, while making had moderate deficits. nonsignificant group differences attention. duration, age of onset, prolonged (≥25 days) did not influence outcomes, except function analyses abstinence. results suggest that is small some domains. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Язык: Английский

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The Effects of Cannabis Use on the Development of Adolescents and Young Adults

Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 2(1), С. 461 - 483

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2020

This review summarizes evidence on the effects of cannabis use development adolescents and young adults. It draws epidemiological studies, neuroimaging case-control twin Mendelian randomization studies. The acute risks include psychiatric symptoms associated with high THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) products motor vehicle accidents. Daily during adolescence is dependence poor cognitive function, which may affect educational attainment occupational choice. highly potent more severe psychological symptoms, such as psychoses, mania, suicidality. There are mixed findings depressive anxiety, violence debates about interpretation these associations. Legalization adult increase among regulation after legalization needs to minimize adolescent uptake cannabis-related adverse developmental outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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The costs and benefits of cannabis control policies

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 22(3), С. 281 - 287

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2020

As is the case for most drugs, cannabis use has costs and benefits, so do policies that attempt to minimize first maximize second. This article summarizes what we know about harmful effects of recreational benefits medical under policy prohibition prevailed in developed countries until 2012. It outlines three broad ways which may be relaxed, namely, depenalization personal possession use, legalization adult use. reviews evidence date on impacts each these forms liberalization makes some plausible conjectures future commercialization using experience from alcohol, tobacco, gambling industries. Cannabis entails unavoidable trade-offs between competing social values face considerable uncertainty more liberal will have its consequences better or worse.

Язык: Английский

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Prevalence of cannabis use, disorder, and medical card possession in U.S. military veterans: Results from the 2019–2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study

Addictive Behaviors, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 120, С. 106963 - 106963

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2021

Язык: Английский

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