Psychology of Addictive Behaviors,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
36(5), С. 505 - 514
Опубликована: Июль 1, 2021
Abstinence
is
rarely
achieved
in
clinical
trials
for
cannabis
use
disorder
(CUD).
Cannabis
reduction
associated
with
functional
improvement,
but
endpoints
have
not
been
established,
indicating
a
need
to
identify
and
validate
clinically
meaningful
assessing
treatment
efficacy.Data
from
12-week
double-blind
randomized
placebo-controlled
medication
trial
cessation
(NCT01675661)
were
analyzed.
Participants
(N
=
225)
treatment-seeking
adults,
M
30.6
(8.9)
years
old,
70.2%
male,
42.2%
Non-White,
CUD
who
completed
12
weeks
of
treatment.
Frequency
(days
per
week)
quantity
(grams
using
day)
used
define
high-,
medium-,
low-risk
levels.
Anxiety
depression
assessed
the
Hospital
Depression
Scale
cannabis-related
problems
Marijuana
Problems
Scale.
General
linear
models
repeated
measures
tested
associations
between
magnitude
risk
outcomes
baseline
(BL)
end-of-treatment
(EOT).Cannabis
levels
sensitive
reductions
BL
EOT
frequency-
(χ²
19.35,
p
.004)
quantity-based
52.06,
<
.001)
metrics.
Magnitude
frequency-based
level
was
decrease
(F
2.76,
.043,
ηp²
.04),
anxiety
3.70,
.013,
.05),
8.95,
.001,
.12).
3.02,
.031,
.04)
3.24,
.023,
.05).Cannabis
levels,
as
operationalized
this
study,
captured
during
trial.
Risk
improvement
suggesting
that
identifying
measuring
change
over
time
may
be
viable
endpoint
determining
efficacy.
(PsycInfo
Database
Record
(c)
2022
APA,
all
rights
reserved).
World Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
19(2), С. 179 - 186
Опубликована: Май 11, 2020
The
sale
of
cannabis
for
adult
recreational
use
has
been
made
legal
in
nine
US
states
since
2012,
and
nationally
Uruguay
2013
Canada
2018.
We
review
research
on
the
effects
legalization
among
adults
adolescents
cannabis-related
harms;
impact
legalizing
price,
availability,
potency
use;
regulatory
policies
that
may
increase
or
limit
adverse
legalization.
substantially
reduced
price
cannabis,
increased
its
potency,
more
available
to
users.
It
appears
have
frequency
adults,
but
not
so
far
youth.
also
emergency
department
attendances
hospitalizations
some
harms.
relatively
modest
date
probably
reflect
restrictions
number
locations
retail
outlets
constraints
commercialization
under
a
continued
federal
prohibition
cannabis.
Future
evaluations
should
monitor:
sales
volumes,
prices
content
tetrahydrocannabinol;
prevalence
household
high
school
surveys;
car
crash
fatalities
injuries
involving
drivers
who
are
cannabis-impaired;
presentations
related
cannabis;
demand
treatment
disorders;
regular
vulnerable
young
people
mental
health
services,
schools
criminal
justice
system.
Governments
propose
legalize
regulate
need
fund
monitor
impacts
these
policy
changes
public
health,
take
advantage
this
develop
ways
regulating
can-nabis
minimize
health.
Cannabis,
or
marijuana,
has
potential
therapeutic
and
medicinal
properties
related
to
multiple
compounds,
particularly
Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
cannabidiol.
Over
the
past
25
years,
attitudes
toward
cannabis
have
evolved
rapidly,
with
expanding
legalization
of
medical
recreational
use
at
state
level
in
United
States
nationally
Canada
Uruguay.
As
a
result,
consumption
products
is
increasing
considerably,
among
youth.
Our
understanding
safety
efficacy
been
limited
by
decades
worldwide
illegality
continues
be
ongoing
classification
as
Schedule
1
controlled
substance.
These
shifts
require
clinicians
understand
conflicting
laws,
health
implications,
possibilities.
Cannabis
may
benefits,
but
few
are
cardiovascular
nature.
Conversely,
many
concerning
implications
include
diseases,
although
they
mediated
mechanisms
delivery.
This
statement
critically
reviews
from
clinical
also
policy
public
perspective
evaluating
its
profile,
relationship
health.
International Journal of Drug Policy,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
99, С. 103381 - 103381
Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2021
Cannabis
use
is
common,
especially
among
young
people,
and
associated
with
risks
for
various
health
harms.
Some
jurisdictions
have
recently
moved
to
legalization/regulation
pursuing
public
goals.
Evidence-based
'Lower
Risk
Use
Guidelines'
(LRCUG)
recommendations
were
previously
developed
reduce
modifiable
risk
factors
of
cannabis-related
adverse
outcomes;
related
evidence
has
evolved
substantially
since.
We
aimed
review
new
scientific
develop
comprehensively
up-to-date
LRCUG,
including
their
recommendations,
on
this
basis.
Targeted
searches
literature
(since
2016)
main
outcomes
by
the
user-individual
conducted.
Topical
areas
informed
previous
LRCUG
content
expanded
upon
current
evidence.
Searches
preferentially
focused
systematic
reviews,
supplemented
key
individual
studies.
The
results
evidence-graded,
topically
organized
narratively
summarized;
through
an
iterative
expert
consensus
development
process.
A
substantial
body
cannabis
use-related
harms
identified
varying
quality.
Twelve
substantive
recommendation
clusters
three
precautionary
statements
developed.
In
general,
suggests
that
individuals
can
if
they
delay
onset
until
after
adolescence,
avoid
high-potency
(THC)
products
high-frequency/-intensity
use,
refrain
from
smoking-routes
administration.
While
people
are
particularly
vulnerable
harms,
other
sub-groups
(e.g.,
pregnant
women,
drivers,
older
adults,
those
co-morbidities)
advised
exercise
particular
caution
risks.
Legal/regulated
should
be
used
where
possible.
result
in
outcomes,
mostly
higher-risk
use.
Reducing
help
offer
one
targeted
intervention
component
within
a
comprehensive
approach
They
require
effective
audience-tailoring
dissemination,
regular
updating
as
become
available,
evaluated
impact.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
28(4), С. 471 - 494
Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2019
Despite
research
advances,
it
remains
unclear
if
long-term,
regular
cannabis
use
harms
cognition
once
intoxication
has
passed.
Our
meta-analysis
aimed
to
investigate
the
association
between
cognitive
functioning
and
long-term
(mean
≥2
years),
≥4
days/week),
recreational
in
adults
during
abstinence
≥12
hr).
We
searched
PubMed,
PsycINFO,
CINAHL,
Scopus,
Dissertations
Theses
International
for
English-language
articles
from
date
each
database
began
until
May
22,
2019.
identified
study
inclusion
by
completing
abstract
full
text
screening
using
predetermined
criteria
Preferred
Reporting
Items
Systematic
Review
Meta-Analysis
guidelines.
classified
performance
into
6
domains
(attention,
executive
function,
learning
memory,
decision
making,
information
processing,
working
memory),
included
a
global
measure.
Effect
sizes
were
calculated
domain
univariate
meta-analyses.
There
30
studies
with
total
849
participants
who
used
(M
=
30.7-years-old,
SD
5.5-years-old)
764
control
30.3-years-old,
5.9-years-old).
Cannabis
was
associated
significant
but
small-magnitude
deficits
cognition,
while
making
had
moderate
deficits.
nonsignificant
group
differences
attention.
duration,
age
of
onset,
prolonged
(≥25
days)
did
not
influence
outcomes,
except
function
analyses
abstinence.
results
suggest
that
is
small
some
domains.
(PsycInfo
Database
Record
(c)
2020
APA,
all
rights
reserved).
Annual Review of Developmental Psychology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
2(1), С. 461 - 483
Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2020
This
review
summarizes
evidence
on
the
effects
of
cannabis
use
development
adolescents
and
young
adults.
It
draws
epidemiological
studies,
neuroimaging
case-control
twin
Mendelian
randomization
studies.
The
acute
risks
include
psychiatric
symptoms
associated
with
high
THC
(tetrahydrocannabinol)
products
motor
vehicle
accidents.
Daily
during
adolescence
is
dependence
poor
cognitive
function,
which
may
affect
educational
attainment
occupational
choice.
highly
potent
more
severe
psychological
symptoms,
such
as
psychoses,
mania,
suicidality.
There
are
mixed
findings
depressive
anxiety,
violence
debates
about
interpretation
these
associations.
Legalization
adult
increase
among
regulation
after
legalization
needs
to
minimize
adolescent
uptake
cannabis-related
adverse
developmental
outcomes.
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
22(3), С. 281 - 287
Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2020
As
is
the
case
for
most
drugs,
cannabis
use
has
costs
and
benefits,
so
do
policies
that
attempt
to
minimize
first
maximize
second.
This
article
summarizes
what
we
know
about
harmful
effects
of
recreational
benefits
medical
under
policy
prohibition
prevailed
in
developed
countries
until
2012.
It
outlines
three
broad
ways
which
may
be
relaxed,
namely,
depenalization
personal
possession
use,
legalization
adult
use.
reviews
evidence
date
on
impacts
each
these
forms
liberalization
makes
some
plausible
conjectures
future
commercialization
using
experience
from
alcohol,
tobacco,
gambling
industries.
Cannabis
entails
unavoidable
trade-offs
between
competing
social
values
face
considerable
uncertainty
more
liberal
will
have
its
consequences
better
or
worse.