Pollutants,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
3(2), С. 293 - 319
Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2023
This
state-of-the-art
review
is
designed
to
provide
a
factual
analysis
of
indoor
air
pollution
in
Pakistan.
Primarily,
the
main
sources
and
related
pollutants
were
analyzed.
Key
include
household
energy
(biomass,
wood,
coal,
tobacco,
low
temperatures)
producing
particulate
matter
(PM),
dust
particles,
smoke,
COx,
noxious
gases,
bioaerosols,
airborne
microflora,
flame
retardants.
According
literature,
rural
regions
Pakistan
using
biomass
fuels
have
high
PM
concentration
range
4000–9000
μg/m3.
In
rural/urban
regions,
smoking
also
leads
PM2.5
levels
~1800
μg/m3,
which
can
cause
pulmonary
infections.
hospitals,
concentrations
detected
up
1000
causing
repeated
infections
patients.
Indoor
ingestion
containing
polychlorinated
biphenyl
was
observed
at
(~8.79–34.39
ng/g)
cities;
this
serious
health
effects
such
as
cancer
risks
loss
working
productivity.
Moreover,
microflora
bacteria
(~10,000–15,000
cfu
m−3)
urban/rural
respiratory/cancer
risks.
context,
quality
(IAQ)
monitoring
management
strategies
been
somewhat
developed;
however,
their
implementation
Pakistan’s
environments
still
needed.
Various
challenges
identified
for
monitoring/regulating
IAQ.
There
firm
need
industry–academia–research
cooperation
involvement
government/agencies
support
control/management
intervention
strategies.
Current Opinion in Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
73, С. 102291 - 102291
Опубликована: Март 11, 2023
The
emergence
and
spread
of
antimicrobial
resistance
(AMR)
resistant
bacteria,
are
a
global
public
health
challenge.
Through
horizontal
gene
transfer,
potential
pathogens
can
acquire
genes
(ARGs)
that
subsequently
be
between
human,
animal,
environmental
reservoirs.
To
understand
the
dissemination
ARGs
linked
microbial
taxa,
it
is
necessary
to
map
resistome
within
different
By
integrating
knowledge
on
in
reservoirs,
One
Health
approach
crucial
our
understanding
complex
mechanisms
epidemiology
AMR.
Here,
we
highlight
latest
insights
into
AMR
from
perspective,
providing
baseline
for
future
scientific
investigations
this
constantly
growing
threat.
Abstract
Antimicrobial
resistance
(AMR)
poses
a
severe
threat
to
global
health.
The
wide
distribution
of
environmental
antibiotic
genes
(ARGs),
which
can
be
transferred
between
microbiota,
especially
clinical
pathogens
and
human
commensals,
contributed
significantly
AMR.
However,
few
databases
on
the
spatiotemporal
distribution,
abundance,
health
risk
ARGs
from
multiple
environments
have
been
developed,
absolute
level.
In
this
study,
we
compiled
ARG
occurrence
data
generated
by
high-throughput
quantitative
PCR
platform
1,403
samples
in
653
sampling
sites
across
18
provinces
China.
database
possessed
291,870
records
five
types
habitats
abundance
290
ARGs,
as
well
8,057
30
mobile
genetic
elements
(MGEs)
2013
2020.
These
conferred
major
common
antibiotics
(a
total
15
types)
represented
mechanisms,
four
ranks.
provide
information
for
studies
dynamics
is
useful
assessment
Frontiers in Public Health,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2023
The
quality
of
the
indoor
environment
significantly
impacts
human
health
and
productivity,
especially
given
amount
time
individuals
spend
indoors
globally.
While
chemical
pollutants
have
been
a
focus
air
research,
microbial
contaminants
also
significant
bearing
on
quality.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
overview
contamination
in
built
environments,
covering
sources,
sampling
strategies,
analysis
methods.
Microbial
has
various
origins,
including
occupants,
pets,
outdoor
environment.
Sampling
strategies
for
include
air,
surface,
dust
sampling,
methods
are
used
to
assess
diversity
complexity
environments.
discusses
risks
associated
with
contaminants,
bacteria,
fungi,
viruses,
their
products
highlighting
need
evidence-based
studies
that
can
relate
specific
conditions.
importance
is
emphasized
from
perspective
COVID-19
pandemic.
A
section
highlights
knowledge
gap
related
microbiological
burden
environments
developing
countries,
using
India
as
representative
example.
Finally,
potential
mitigation
improve
briefly
reviewed.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
19(21), С. 13829 - 13829
Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2022
Antimicrobial
resistance
(AMR)
is
one
of
the
largest
global
concerns
due
to
its
influence
in
multiple
areas,
which
consistent
with
One
Health's
concept
close
interconnections
between
people,
animals,
plants,
and
their
shared
environments.
Antibiotic-resistant
bacteria
(ARB)
antibiotic-resistance
genes
(ARGs)
circulate
constantly
various
niches,
sediments,
water
sources,
soil,
wastes
animal
plant
sectors,
linked
human
activities.
Sewage
different
origins
gets
wastewater
treatment
plants
(WWTPs),
where
ARB
ARG
removal
efficiency
still
insufficient,
leading
transmission
discharge
points
further
dissemination.
Thus,
WWTPs
are
believed
be
reservoirs
ARGs
source
spreading
AMR.
According
a
World
Health
Organization
report,
most
critical
pathogens
for
public
health
include
Gram-negative
resistant
third-generation
cephalosporins
carbapenems
(last-choice
drugs),
represent
β-lactams,
widely
used
antibiotics.
Therefore,
this
paper
aimed
present
available
research
data
that
confer
β-lactam
antibiotics,
particular
emphasis
on
clinically
important
life-threatening
mechanisms
resistance,
including
extended-spectrum
β-lactamases
(ESBLs)
carbapenemases
(KPC,
NDM).
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
24(7), С. 6756 - 6756
Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2023
Antimicrobial
resistance
(AMR)
is
one
of
the
biggest
threats
to
human
health
worldwide.
The
World
Health
Organization
(WHO,
Geneva,
Switzerland)
has
launched
"One-Health"
approach,
which
encourages
assessment
antibiotic-resistant
genes
(ARGs)
within
environments
shared
by
human-animals-plants-microbes
constrain
and
alleviate
development
AMR.
Aerosols
as
a
medium
disseminate
ARGs,
have
received
minimal
attention.
In
present
study,
we
investigated
distribution
abundance
ARGs
in
indoor
outdoor
aerosols
collected
from
an
urban
location
Kuwait
interior
three
hospitals.
high
throughput
quantitative
polymerase
chain
reaction
(HT-qPCR)
approach
was
used
for
this
purpose.
results
demonstrate
presence
aminoglycoside,
beta-lactam,
fluoroquinolone,
tetracycline,
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin
B
(MLSB),
multidrug-resistant
(MDR)
vancomycin-resistant
aerosols.
most
dominant
drug
class
beta-lactam
were
IMP-2-group
(0.85),
Per-2
group
(0.65),
OXA-54
(0.57),
QnrS
(0.50)
OXA-55
(0.55)
non-clinical
settings.
possessed
richer
diversity
(Observed,
Chao1,
Shannon's
Pielou's
evenness)
compared
outdoors.
Seasonal
variations
(autumn
vs.
winter)
relative
abundances
types
also
recorded
(R2
0.132
at
p
<
0.08).
found
both
inhalable
(2.1
µm,
1.1
0.7
µm
0.3
µm)
respirable
(>9.0
5.8
4.7
3.3
size
fractions
hospital
All
are
pathogenic
bacterial
origin
hosted
forms.
findings
baseline
data
underpin
need
detailed
investigations
looking
aerosol
vehicle
ARG
dissemination
among
non-human
terrestrial
biota.
