Heavy metals: toxicity and human health effects

Archives of Toxicology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2024

Abstract Heavy metals are naturally occurring components of the Earth’s crust and persistent environmental pollutants. Human exposure to heavy occurs via various pathways, including inhalation air/dust particles, ingesting contaminated water or soil, through food chain. Their bioaccumulation may lead diverse toxic effects affecting different body tissues organ systems. The toxicity depends on properties given metal, dose, route, duration (acute chronic), extent bioaccumulation. detrimental impacts human health largely linked their capacity interfere with antioxidant defense mechanisms, primarily interaction intracellular glutathione (GSH) sulfhydryl groups (R-SH) enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, peroxidase (GPx), reductase (GR), other enzyme Although arsenic (As) is believed bind directly critical thiols, alternative hydrogen peroxide production processes have also been postulated. known signaling pathways affect a variety cellular processes, cell growth, proliferation, survival, metabolism, apoptosis. For example, cadmium can BLC-2 family proteins involved in mitochondrial death overexpression antiapoptotic Bcl-2 suppression proapoptotic (BAX, BAK) thus increasing resistance cells undergo malignant transformation. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2) an important regulator enzymes, level oxidative stress, oxidants has shown act double-edged sword response arsenic-induced stress. Another mechanism significant threats metal (e.g., Pb) involves substitution essential calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe)) structurally similar (Cd) (Pb)) metal-binding sites proteins. Displaced redox (copper, iron, manganese) from natural catalyze decomposition Fenton reaction generate damaging ROS hydroxyl radicals, causing damage lipids, proteins, DNA. Conversely, some metals, cadmium, suppress synthesis nitric oxide radical (NO · ), manifested by altered vasorelaxation and, consequently, blood pressure regulation. Pb-induced stress be indirectly responsible for depletion due its (O ·− resulting formation potent biological oxidant, peroxynitrite (ONOO − ). This review comprehensively discusses mechanisms effects. Aluminum (Al), (Cd), (As), mercury (Hg), (Pb), chromium (Cr) roles development gastrointestinal, pulmonary, kidney, reproductive, neurodegenerative (Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s diseases), cardiovascular, cancer (e.g. renal, lung, skin, stomach) diseases discussed. A short account devoted detoxification chelation use ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ( EDTA), dimercaprol (BAL), 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic (DMSA), 2,3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonic (DMPS), penicillamine chelators.

Язык: Английский

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Current Levels of Environmental Exposure to Cadmium in Industrialized Countries as a Risk Factor for Kidney Damage in the General Population: A Comprehensive Review of Available Data

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(9), С. 8413 - 8413

Опубликована: Май 8, 2023

The growing number of reports indicating unfavorable outcomes for human health upon environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd) have focused attention on the threat general population posed by this heavy metal. kidney is a target organ during chronic Cd intoxication. aim article was critically review available literature impact current levels xenobiotic in industrialized countries kidney, and evaluate associated risk damage, including disease (CKD). Based comprehensive data, we recognized that observed adverse effect (NOAELs) concentration blood urine clinically relevant damage (glomerular dysfunction) are 0.18 μg/L 0.27 μg/g creatinine, respectively, whereas lowest (LOAELs) >0.18 >0.27 which within lower range concentrations noted inhabitants countries. In conclusion, may increase resulting in, or at least contributing to, development CKD.

Язык: Английский

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Heavy metals exposure and Alzheimer’s disease: Underlying mechanisms and advancing therapeutic approaches

Behavioural Brain Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 476, С. 115212 - 115212

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Exposure to complex mixtures of urban sediments containing Tyre and Road Wear Particles (TRWPs) increases the germ-line mutation rate in Chironomus riparius

Aquatic Toxicology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 281, С. 107292 - 107292

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2025

Tyre and road wear particles (TRWPs) are a significant yet often underestimated source of environmental pollution, contributing to the accumulation microplastics complex mixture contaminants in both terrestrial aquatic ecosystems. Despite their prevalence, long-term evolutionary effects TRWPs, beyond immediate toxicity, remain largely unknown. In this study, we assessed mutagenicity non-biting midge Chironomus riparius, upon exposure urban sediment collected from runoff sedimentation basin. To assess extent mutagenic over multiple generations, combined model with short-term mutation lines (MALs) subsequent whole genome sequencing (WGS). The study was conducted five concentrations 0.5 % 10 %. Our results reveal that significantly increases rates compared control groups by 50 %, independent concentration (0.5 %). infer potential causal processes, comparative analysis using known mutational spectra previous studies. This comparison showed profiles induced clearly clustered those caused Benzo[a]Pyrene (BaP), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH). A comprehensive chemical characterization confirmed considerable impact traffic-related contamination, including PAHs primarily petrogenic origin. suggests PAH-like compounds present sediments may play role observed effects. shows influence alter exposed organisms, potentially compromising genomic stability shaping trajectories. These genetic changes can have profound on population dynamics ecosystem health, underlining importance understanding consequences pollution. Additionally, show comparatively analysing provide valuable insights into processes.

Язык: Английский

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Adsorption potential of orange rind–based nanosorbents for the removal of cadmium(II) and chromium(VI) from contaminated water

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 30(51), С. 110658 - 110673

Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate mitigates cadmium-induced intestinal damage through modulation of the microbiota-tryptophan-aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 280, С. 116520 - 116520

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2024

Early studies have shown that the gut microbiota is a critical target during cadmium exposure. The prebiotic activity of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) plays an essential role in treating intestinal inflammation and damage. However, exact barrier protection mechanism EGCG against exposure remains unclear. In this experiment, four-week-old mice were exposed to (5 mg kg

Язык: Английский

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Cadmium exposure in infants and children: toxicity, health effects, dietary risk assessment and mitigation strategies

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 23

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2024

As a non-essential metal, cadmium (Cd) poses significant threat to food safety and public health. This risk is particularly pronounced for infants young children due their high consumption relative body weight immature physiological systems. review examines the health risks associated with Cd exposure, during prenatal period through adolescence. It evaluates prevalence of Cd-rich foods in children's diets intake levels across various countries. The demonstrates that exposure neurodevelopmental disorders, immune dysfunction, cardiovascular diseases. also highlights geographic differences some Asian countries, such as Thailand China, exhibiting higher overall among compared other regions. presents several recommendations mitigate early childhood, including reducing content food, inhibiting absorption, promoting its excretion from body. To minimize dietary children, it recommended stringent regulations limits be implemented, alongside coordinated multi-stakeholder effort. provides important insights into effective policy development, laying foundation achieving broader goals.

Язык: Английский

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Investigating the Potential Risk of Cadmium Exposure on Seizure Severity and Anxiety-Like Behaviors through the Ferroptosis Pathway in Epileptic Mice: An Integrated Multi-Omics Approach

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 480, С. 135814 - 135814

Опубликована: Сен. 13, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Selenium attenuates the association of co-exposure to arsenic, cadmium, and lead with cognitive function among Chinese community-dwelling older adults

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 30(13), С. 36377 - 36391

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Elevated Serum and Hair Levels of Cadmium as a Risk Factor for Liver Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis

Nutrition and Cancer, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 75(6), С. 1438 - 1447

Опубликована: Май 19, 2023

Background Cadmium (Cd) exposure might confer cancer risk. Published studies on the association between Cd levels and liver risk have generated conflicting results. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis address controversy.Methods Relevant literature was searched from popular bio-databases up Nov 2022. Essential information extracted data were pooled assess Subgroup analysis sample types geographical locations conducted. Then, sensitivity bias diagnosis performed test credibility of results.Results Eleven publications comprising 14 independent selected for overall showed that markedly higher in patients than those healthy controls (SMD = 2.00; 95% CI 1.20–2.81; P < 0.05). To get prices estimation, subgroup analyses serum 2.55; 1.65–3.45; 0.05) hair 2.08; 0.34–3.81; significantly controls, respectively.Conclusions In summary, indicating accumulation play important role neoplastic transformation cells.

Язык: Английский

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