Nutrition, longevity and disease: From molecular mechanisms to interventions

Cell, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 185(9), С. 1455 - 1470

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2022

Diet as a whole, encompassing food composition, calorie intake, and the length frequency of fasting periods, affects time span in which health functional capacity are maintained. Here, we analyze aging nutrition studies simple organisms, rodents, monkeys, humans to link longevity conserved growth metabolic pathways outline their role age-related disease. We focus on feasible nutritional strategies shown delay and/or prevent diseases through epidemiological, model organism, clinical, centenarian underline need avoid malnourishment frailty. These findings integrated define diet based multi-pillar approach adjusted for age status optimize lifespan healthspan humans.

Язык: Английский

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Time-restricted Eating for the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Diseases

Endocrine Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 43(2), С. 405 - 436

Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2021

Time-restricted feeding (TRF, animal-based studies) and time-restricted eating (TRE, humans) are an emerging behavioral intervention approach based on the understanding of role circadian rhythms in physiology metabolism. In this approach, all calorie intake is restricted within a consistent interval less than 12 hours without overtly attempting to reduce calories. This article will summarize origin TRF/TRE starting with concept chronic rhythm disruption increasing risk for metabolic diseases. Circadian usually perceived as sleep-wake cycle dependent arising from central nervous system. However, recent discovery peripheral organs plasticity these response changes nutrition availability raised possibility that adopting daily short window can sustain robust rhythm. Preclinical animal studies have demonstrated proof identified potential mechanisms driving TRF-related benefits. Pilot human reported promising results reducing obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular Epidemiological indicated maintaining long overnight fast, which similar TRE, significantly risks Despite early successes, more clinical mechanistic needed implement TRE alone or adjuvant lifestyle prevention management

Язык: Английский

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Beneficial Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Metabolic Diseases: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(5), С. 1267 - 1267

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2020

Various behavioral and physiological pathways follow a pre-determined, 24 hour cycle known as the circadian rhythm. Metabolic homeostasis is regulated by Time-restricted eating (TRE) type of intermittent fasting based on In this study, we aim to analyze systemically effects TRE body weight, composition, other metabolic parameters. We reviewed articles from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library identify clinical trials that compared regular diet. included 19 studies for meta-analysis. Participants following showed significantly reduced weight (mean difference (MD), −0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.71 −0.10) fat mass (MD: −1.58, CI: −2.64 −0.51), while preserving fat-free (MD, −0.24; −1.15 0.67). also beneficial cardiometabolic parameters such blood pressure (systolic BP, MD, −3.07; −5.76 −0.37), glucose concentration −2.96; CI, −5.60 −0.33), cholesterol profiles (triglycerides, MD: −11.60, −23.30 −0.27). conclusion, promising therapeutic strategy controlling improving dysfunctions in those who are overweight or obese. Further large-scale needed confirm these findings usefulness TRE.

Язык: Английский

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Randomized controlled trial for time-restricted eating in healthy volunteers without obesity

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2022

Time-restricted feeding (TRF) improves metabolic health. Both early TRF (eTRF, food intake restricted to the part of day) and mid-day (mTRF, middle have been shown benefits. However, two regimens yet be thoroughly compared. We conducted a five-week randomized trial compare effects in healthy individuals without obesity (ChiCTR2000029797). The has completed. Ninety participants were eTRF (n=30), mTRF or control groups (n=30) using computer-based random-number generator. Eighty-two completed entire analyzed (28 eTRF, 26 mTRF, 28 groups). primary outcome was change insulin resistance. Researchers who assessed outcomes blinded group assignment, but care givers not. Here we show that more effective than at improving sensitivity. Furthermore, not improved fasting glucose, reduced total body mass adiposity, ameliorated inflammation, increased gut microbial diversity. No serious adverse events reported during trial. In conclusion, showed greater benefits for resistance related parameters compared with mTRF. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=49406 .

Язык: Английский

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Intermittent Fasting and Metabolic Health

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(3), С. 631 - 631

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2022

Given the ongoing strain that obesity epidemic has placed on public health outcomes, new and effective approaches to weight control are needed. One approach improving metabolic outcomes is intermittent fasting, which consists of multiple different timing schedules for temporary food avoidance, including alternate-day other similar full-day fasting patterns, time-restricted feeding (where day's consumed over a 6-h period, allowing 18 h fasting). These have favorable effects by intermittently inducing metabolism fatty acids ketones. The regimens overall lead decrease in been linked improvements dyslipidemia blood pressure. While more research needed longer-term this should be avoided particular conditions, considered as an option individuals who pattern unhealthy gain using standard eating patterns.

Язык: Английский

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Effectiveness of Early Time-Restricted Eating for Weight Loss, Fat Loss, and Cardiometabolic Health in Adults With Obesity

JAMA Internal Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 182(9), С. 953 - 953

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2022

Importance

It is unclear how effective intermittent fasting for losing weight and body fat, the effects may depend on timing of eating window. This randomized trial compared time-restricted (TRE) with over a period 12 or more hours while matching weight-loss counseling across groups.

Objective

To determine whether practicing TRE by early in day (eTRE) loss, fat cardiometabolic health than hours.

Design, Setting, Participants

The study was 14-week, parallel-arm, clinical conducted between August 2018 April 2020. Participants were adults aged 25 to 75 years obesity who received treatment through Weight Loss Medicine Clinic at University Alabama Birmingham Hospital.

Interventions

All participants (energy restriction [ER]) eTRE plus ER (8-hour window from 7:00 15:00) control (CON) (≥12-hour window).

Main Outcomes Measures

co–primary outcomes loss loss. Secondary included blood pressure, heart rate, glucose levels, insulin plasma lipid levels.

Results

Ninety enrolled (mean [SD] mass index, 39.6 [6.7]; age, 43 [11] years; 72 [80%] female). eTRE+ER group adhered 6.0 (0.8) days per week. intervention (−2.3 kg; 95% CI, −3.7 −0.9 kg;P = .002) but did not affect (−1.4 −2.9 0.2 .09) ratio (−4.2%; −14.9 6.5%;P .43). equivalent reducing calorie intake an additional 214 kcal/d. also improved diastolic pressure (−4 mm Hg; −8 0 Hg;P .04) mood disturbances, including fatigue-inertia, vigor-activity, depression-dejection. other risk factors, food intake, physical activity, sleep similar In secondary analysis 59 completers, trunk CON+ER.

Conclusions Relevance

this trial, improving 14 weeks.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT03459703

Язык: Английский

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The ups and downs of caloric restriction and fasting: from molecular effects to clinical application

EMBO Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Eight-hour time-restricted feeding improves endocrine and metabolic profiles in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome

Journal of Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 19(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2021

Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a form of intermittent fasting, which beneficial for weight loss and cardiometabolic health. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) one the most common reproductive endocrine metabolic diseases affecting women childbearing age. It associated with an increased prevalence syndrome, cardiovascular type 2 diabetes. The effects TRF on PCOS patients remains undefined, here we investigated impact anovulatory PCOS.Eighteen aged between 18 31 anovulation participated in 6-week trial were divided into two consecutive periods: (1) 1-week baseline stabilization period (2) 5-week period. Fifteen participants completed study. Changes body weight, mass index (BMI), Waist-to-Hip Ratio, skeletal muscle mass, fat (BFM), percentage (BF%), visceral area (VFA), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating (FSH), LH/FSH, total testosterone (TT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen (FAI), fasting glucose, insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), under curve (AUC) (AUCIns), glucose (AUCGlu), AUCIns/AUCGlu lipids, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), menstrual cycle eating behaviors evaluated.Significant changes BMI, BFM, BF%, VFA, TT, SHBG, FAI, FINS, HOMA-IR, AUCIns, ALT, hsCRP IGF-1 found after An improvement irregularity was detected 73.3% (11/15) patients.The diet may be to especially reducing fat, improving menstruation, hyperandrogenemia, chronic inflammation. Trial registration Clinicaltrial.gov, NCT04580433, registered October 8, 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04580433.

Язык: Английский

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Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a clinical overview

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(5), С. 261 - 277

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms of Lifespan Regulation by Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting in Model Organisms

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(4), С. 1194 - 1194

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2020

Genetic and pharmacological interventions have successfully extended healthspan lifespan in animals, but their genetic are not appropriate options for human applications intervention needs more solid clinical evidence. Consequently, dietary manipulations the only practical probable strategies to promote health longevity humans. Caloric restriction (CR), reduction of calorie intake a level that does compromise overall health, has been considered as being one most promising extend Although it is straightforward, continuous or food easy practice real lives Recently, fasting-related such intermittent fasting (IF) time-restricted feeding (TRF) emerged alternatives CR. Here, we review history CR animal models, discuss molecular mechanisms underlying these interventions, propose future directions can fill missing gaps current understanding interventions. appear by both partially overlapping common target rapamycin (TOR) pathway circadian clock, distinct independent remain be discovered. We systems approach combining global transcriptomic, metabolomic, proteomic analyses followed perturbation studies targeting multiple candidate pathways will allow us better understand how interact with each other longevity.

Язык: Английский

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