The importance of using WHO International Standards to harmonise SARS-CoV-2 serological assays

The Lancet Microbe, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(3), С. e301 - e305

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic led to the rapid development of tests diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection and ascertain prevalence infection, along with formulation various treatments vaccines. Globally, over 220 anti-SARS-CoV-2 serological assays have been developed for laboratory use, many these are currently used assess immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. However, because were independently by different manufacturers target antigens, immunoglobulin detection, technologies, data reporting approaches, results not directly comparable, making it challenging draw conclusions regarding at population level. With deficiencies in assay validation, standardisation, harmonisation, inability use compare large datasets is becoming a major issue as continue increase. To help addressing this issue, WHO established first International Standard late 2020. In Personal View, we define immunoglobulin, summarise uses primary versus secondary serology standards, recommend such standards list guidance resources using improve comparability.

Язык: Английский

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Immunological investigation of a multiepitope peptide vaccine candidate based on main proteins of SARS-CoV-2 pathogen

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 17(6), С. e0268251 - e0268251

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2022

Multiepitope vaccines could induce multiantigenic immunity against large complex pathogens with different strain variants. Herein, the in silico, vitro and vivo studies were used to design develop a novel candidate antigenic multiepitope vaccine SARS-CoV-2 pathogen. The designed construct targets spike glycoprotein (S), membrane protein (M), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N) of (i.e., S-N-M construct). This contains cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-, helper (HTL)-, linear B (LBL)-inducing epitopes. s-n-m fusion gene was subcloned prokaryotic (pET24a) eukaryotic (pcDNA3.1) expression vectors. Its evaluated mammalian cell line using LL37 penetrating peptide. Moreover, recombinant peptide produced E. coli strain. Finally, mice immunized homologous heterologous regimens for evaluation immune responses. Our data indicated that combined Montanide 720 regimen significantly stimulated total IgG, IgG2a, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-15, IL-21 IL-6, Granzyme secretion as compared other groups. pcDNA-s-n-m/ nanoparticles induced higher responses than naked DNA both regimens. In general, our can be considered infection model.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Ocular Adverse Effects: An Overview

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(11), С. 1879 - 1879

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2022

Background: To address the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), vaccination efforts were initiated across globe in December 2020 and are continuing. We report onset interval clinical presentations of ocular adverse effects following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods: For this narrative review, articles English language, published between 1 January to September 2022, included formulate a list reported different COVID-19 vaccines. Results: During period, have been with BNT162b2 (Pfizer), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), AZD-1222 (AstraZeneca), Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson) Endothelial graft rejection, herpes simplex virus keratitis, zoster ophthalmicus, anterior uveitis, eyelid edema, purpuric rashes, ischemic optic neuropathy, cranial nerve palsies most BNT163b2. Retinal hemorrhages, vascular occlusions, angle closure glaucoma AZD-1222. Most literature had good fair prognosis appropriate management. Conclusions: Evidence regarding does not outweigh benefits patients pre-existing systemic or ophthalmic diseases. This review provides insights into possible temporal association events vaccines; however, further investigations required identify link potential causality pathological mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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Emergence of mRNA vaccines in the management of cancer

Expert Review of Vaccines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 22(1), С. 629 - 642

Опубликована: Июль 4, 2023

Introduction mRNA vaccines have been developed as a promising cancer management. It is noted that specification of the antigen sequence target necessary for design and manufacture an vaccine.Areas covered The steps involved in preparing mRNA-based are isolation from protein using nucleic acid RNA-based vaccine, construction to prepare DNA template, vitro transcription translation into strand, 5' cap addition poly(A) tailing stabilize protect degradation, purification process remove contaminants produced during preparation.Expert opinion Lipid nanoparticles, lipid/protamine/mRNA nanoparticles cell-penetrating peptides used formulate vaccine ensure stability delivery site. Delivery site will trigger adaptive innate immune responses. Two predominant factors development intrinsic influence external influence. In addition, research relating dosage, route administration types observed positively impact vaccine.

Язык: Английский

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Challenges Faced by Nursing Professionals in COVID-19 Pandemic

Springer eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 21 - 34

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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