Efficacy and safety of paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) in the treatment of COVID‐19: An updated meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(5)

Published: July 23, 2023

Abstract Our study is aimed to access the efficacy and safety outcomes for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients treated with Paxlovid. According inclusion exclusion criteria, databases were used retrieve articles from 1 January 2020 2023. Article screening, quality evaluation data extraction completed cross‐checked. The meta‐analysis trial sequential analysis (TSA) conducted using RevMan, StataMP, TSA software. A total of 42 original included. Overall results showed that death, hospitalisation, death or emergency department (ED) visit, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, extra oxygen requirement outcomes, every odds ratio (OR) was <1 p < 0.05. For rebound outcome, OR >1 > adverse events (AEs) In conclusion, Paxlovid effectively reduced risks ED ICU requirement. There no significant statistical difference considering rebound, but people should pay attention possible AEs. However, AEs observations in certain subgroups suggested conclusions contrary overall meta‐analysis. Trial indicated these two have a risk false negative positive conclusions, so additional studies are needed further validation.

Language: Английский

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Emergence of mRNA vaccines in the management of cancer

Expert Review of Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 629 - 642

Published: July 4, 2023

Introduction mRNA vaccines have been developed as a promising cancer management. It is noted that specification of the antigen sequence target necessary for design and manufacture an vaccine.Areas covered The steps involved in preparing mRNA-based are isolation from protein using nucleic acid RNA-based vaccine, construction to prepare DNA template, vitro transcription translation into strand, 5' cap addition poly(A) tailing stabilize protect degradation, purification process remove contaminants produced during preparation.Expert opinion Lipid nanoparticles, lipid/protamine/mRNA nanoparticles cell-penetrating peptides used formulate vaccine ensure stability delivery site. Delivery site will trigger adaptive innate immune responses. Two predominant factors development intrinsic influence external influence. In addition, research relating dosage, route administration types observed positively impact vaccine.

Language: Английский

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Immunological investigation of a multiepitope peptide vaccine candidate based on main proteins of SARS-CoV-2 pathogen

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. e0268251 - e0268251

Published: June 9, 2022

Multiepitope vaccines could induce multiantigenic immunity against large complex pathogens with different strain variants. Herein, the in silico, vitro and vivo studies were used to design develop a novel candidate antigenic multiepitope vaccine SARS-CoV-2 pathogen. The designed construct targets spike glycoprotein (S), membrane protein (M), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N) of (i.e., S-N-M construct). This contains cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-, helper (HTL)-, linear B (LBL)-inducing epitopes. s-n-m fusion gene was subcloned prokaryotic (pET24a) eukaryotic (pcDNA3.1) expression vectors. Its evaluated mammalian cell line using LL37 penetrating peptide. Moreover, recombinant peptide produced E. coli strain. Finally, mice immunized homologous heterologous regimens for evaluation immune responses. Our data indicated that combined Montanide 720 regimen significantly stimulated total IgG, IgG2a, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-15, IL-21 IL-6, Granzyme secretion as compared other groups. pcDNA-s-n-m/ nanoparticles induced higher responses than naked DNA both regimens. In general, our can be considered infection model.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Ocular Adverse Effects: An Overview

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 1879 - 1879

Published: Nov. 7, 2022

Background: To address the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), vaccination efforts were initiated across globe in December 2020 and are continuing. We report onset interval clinical presentations of ocular adverse effects following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods: For this narrative review, articles English language, published between 1 January to September 2022, included formulate a list reported different COVID-19 vaccines. Results: During period, have been with BNT162b2 (Pfizer), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), AZD-1222 (AstraZeneca), Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson) Endothelial graft rejection, herpes simplex virus keratitis, zoster ophthalmicus, anterior uveitis, eyelid edema, purpuric rashes, ischemic optic neuropathy, cranial nerve palsies most BNT163b2. Retinal hemorrhages, vascular occlusions, angle closure glaucoma AZD-1222. Most literature had good fair prognosis appropriate management. Conclusions: Evidence regarding does not outweigh benefits patients pre-existing systemic or ophthalmic diseases. This review provides insights into possible temporal association events vaccines; however, further investigations required identify link potential causality pathological mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Challenges Faced by Nursing Professionals in COVID-19 Pandemic

Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 21 - 34

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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