The Controversial Role of Human Gut Lachnospiraceae

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(4), С. 573 - 573

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2020

The complex polymicrobial composition of human gut microbiota plays a key role in health and disease. Lachnospiraceae belong to the core microbiota, colonizing intestinal lumen from birth increasing, terms species richness their relative abundances during host's life. Although, members are among main producers short-chain fatty acids, different taxa also associated with intra- extraintestinal diseases. Their impact on host physiology is often inconsistent across studies. Here, we discuss changes according With aim harnessing promote health, analyze how nutrients diet can influence growth metabolites can, turn, physiology.

Язык: Английский

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Disease-Associated Microglia: A Universal Immune Sensor of Neurodegeneration

Cell, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 173(5), С. 1073 - 1081

Опубликована: Май 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

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The Vagus Nerve at the Interface of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 12

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2018

The microbiota, the gut, and brain communicate through microbiota-gut-brain axis in a bidirectional way that involves autonomic nervous system. vagus nerve (VN), principal component of parasympathetic system, is mixed composed 80% afferent 20% efferent fibers. VN, because its role interoceptive awareness, able to sense microbiota metabolites afferents, transfer this gut information central system where it integrated network, then generate an adapted or inappropriate response. A cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway has been described VN's fibers, which dampen peripheral inflammation decrease intestinal permeability, thus very probably modulating composition. Stress inhibits VN deleterious effects on gastrointestinal tract involved pathophysiology disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) inflammatory disease (IBD) are both characterized by dysbiosis. low vagal tone IBD IBS patients favoring inflammation. Targeting for example stimulation properties, would be interest restore homeostasis axis.

Язык: Английский

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Inflammation in CNS neurodegenerative diseases

Immunology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 154(2), С. 204 - 219

Опубликована: Март 7, 2018

Neurodegenerative diseases, the leading cause of morbidity and disability, are gaining increased attention as they impose a considerable socioeconomic impact, due in part to ageing community. Neuronal damage is pathological hallmark Alzheimer's Parkinson's amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, spinocerebellar ataxia multiple although such also observed following neurotropic viral infections, stroke, genetic white matter diseases paraneoplastic disorders. Despite different aetiologies, for example, mutations, trauma protein aggregations, neuronal frequently associated with chronic activation an innate immune response CNS. The growing awareness that system inextricably involved shaping brain during development well mediating damage, but regeneration repair, has stimulated therapeutic approaches modulate neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review current understanding how astrocytes microglia, neurons oligodendrocytes, shape neuroimmune development, aberrant responses arise or environmental triggers may predispose CNS We discuss known interactions between peripheral brain, concepts on cells enter leave A better disease will be key further manipulating these effective therapies improve quality life, reduce impact neuroinflammatory degenerative

Язык: Английский

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Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Alzheimer’s Disease

Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 25(1), С. 48 - 60

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2019

Disturbances along the brain-gut-microbiota axis may significantly contribute to pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is most frequent cause dementia characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function associated with formation amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Alterations gut microbiota composition induce increased permeability barrier immune activation leading systemic inflammation, which turn impair blood-brain promote neuroinflammation, neural injury, ultimately neurodegeneration. Recently, Aβ has also been recognized as an antimicrobial peptide participating innate response. However, dysregulated state, reveal harmful properties. Importantly, bacterial amyloids through molecular mimicry elicit cross-seeding misfolding microglial priming. The seeding propagation occur at different levels axis. potential mechanisms spreading include neuron-to-neuron or distal neuron spreading, direct crossing via other cells astrocytes, fibroblasts, microglia, system cells. A growing body experimental clinical data confirms key role dysbiosis microbiota-host interactions convergence gut-derived inflammatory response together aging poor diet elderly AD. Modification food-based therapy probiotic supplementation create new preventive therapeutic options

Язык: Английский

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Alzheimer’s disease hypothesis and related therapies

Translational Neurodegeneration, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2018

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause for dementia. There are many hypotheses about AD, including abnormal deposit of amyloid β (Aβ) protein in extracellular spaces neurons, formation twisted fibers tau proteins inside cholinergic neuron damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, etc., anti-AD drugs based on these have been developed. In this review, we will discuss existing emerging hypothesis related therapies.

Язык: Английский

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The Gut Microbiome Alterations and Inflammation-Driven Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease—a Critical Review

Molecular Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 56(3), С. 1841 - 1851

Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2018

One of the most important scientific discoveries recent years was disclosure that intestinal microflora takes part in bidirectional communication between gut and brain. Scientists suggest human may even act as "second brain" be responsible for neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although human-associated microbial communities are generally stable, they can altered by common actions experiences. Enteric bacteria, commensal, pathogenic microorganisms, have a major impact on immune system, brain development, behavior, able to produce several neurotransmitters neuromodulators serotonin, kynurenine, catecholamine, etc., well amyloids. However, destructive mechanisms, lead dementia AD, start with microbiome dysbiosis, development local systemic inflammation, dysregulation gut-brain axis. Increased permeability epithelial barrier results invasion different viruses, their neuroactive products support neuroinflammatory reactions It seems that, inflammatory-infectious hypothesis great role microbiome, starts gently push into shadow amyloid cascade has dominated decades. is strongly postulated AD begin gut, closely related imbalance microbiota. This promising area therapeutic intervention. Modulation microbiota through personalized diet or beneficial intervention, alter partners including protein, will probably become new treatment AD.

Язык: Английский

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Antibiotics, gut microbiota, and Alzheimer’s disease

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Май 22, 2019

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative whose various pathophysiological aspects are still being investigated. Recently, it has been hypothesized that AD may be associated with dysbiosis of microbes in the intestine. In fact, intestinal flora able to influence activity brain and cause its dysfunctions.Given growing interest this topic, purpose review analyze role antibiotics relation gut microbiota AD. first part review, we briefly theories supporting hypothesis can pathophysiology. second part, possible these events. Antibiotics normally used remove or prevent bacterial colonization human body, without targeting specific types bacteria. As result, broad-spectrum greatly affect composition microbiota, reduce biodiversity, delay for long period after administration. Thus, action could wide even opposite, depending on type antibiotic microbiome pathogenesis.Alteration induce changes activity, which raise possibility therapeutic manipulation other neurological disorders. This field research currently undergoing great development, but applications far away. Whether achieved using not known. The future depends progresses We must understand how when bacteria act promote Once well established, one think modifications use pre-, pro-, produce effects.

Язык: Английский

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Mild cognitive impairment has similar alterations as Alzheimer's disease in gut microbiota

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 15(10), С. 1357 - 1366

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2019

Abstract Objective Gut microbiota changes before the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and alterations could be detected in stage mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The findings might offer diagnostic biomarkers dementia. Background AD is most common cause dementia, MCI predementia state. Recent studies suggest gut microbial communities associated with AD, whereas dementia has not been discovered characterized humans. New/Updated Hypothesis We hypothesize that dysbiosis happens stage. Patients have decreased diversity, for early detection AD. In our preliminary study, we identified differences between normal controls 11 genera from feces blood. No difference was detected. Using model fecal samples all different input, 93% (28 30) patients correctly. Major Challenges diagnosis study based on symptoms neuroimaging, should included precise further validating studies. Besides, as longitudinally, their relationship progress needs to studied prospective Linkage Other Theories Escherichia observed increased at genus level both blood MCI. For biomarker, postmortem brain tissue showed lipopolysaccharides gram‐negative coli fragments colocalize amyloid plaque. this way, pathogenesis would triggered during by shifting. systemic inflammatory reactions caused compounds secreted bacteria may impair blood‐brain barrier promote neuroinflammation and/or neurodegeneration. Furthermore, abnormal metabolites gene functions an impact

Язык: Английский

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Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic administration in people with Parkinson's disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Clinical Nutrition, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 38(3), С. 1031 - 1035

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

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