Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Human Disease

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11

Опубликована: Март 17, 2021

The human gut microbiome is a huge microbial community that plays an irreplaceable role in life. With the further development of research, influence intestinal flora on diseases has been gradually excavated. Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis adverse health effects body will lead to variety chronic diseases. underlying mechanisms GM are incredibly complicated. This review focuses regulation and mechanism neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular metabolic gastrointestinal thus providing potential target for prevention treatment disease.

Язык: Английский

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Neurological Disorders

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10

Опубликована: Март 24, 2020

Background Several studies suggested an important role of the gut microbiota in pathophysiology neurological disorders, implying that alteration might serve as a treatment strategy. Fecal transplantation (FMT) is currently most effective intervention and accepted for recurrent Clostridioioides difficile infections. To evaluate indications FMT patients with we summarized available literature on FMT. In addition, provide suggestions future directions. Methods July 2019, five main databases were searched case descriptions disorders humans or animal models. ClinicalTrials.gov website was consulted registered planned ongoing trials. Results Of 541 identified studies, 34 included analysis. Clinical trials have been performed autism spectrum disorder showed beneficial effects symptoms. For multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease, several positive effect FMT, supported by some reports humans. epilepsy, Tourette syndrome, diabetic neuropathy but evidence restricted to limited numbers studies. stroke, Alzheimer's disease Guillain-Barré syndrome only models identified. These potential healthy donor contrast, one study model stroke increased mortality after Whether findings from can be confirmed human diseases awaits seen. above mentioned are ongoing, well amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Conclusions Preliminary suggests may promising option disorders. However, still scanty contrasting results observed. Limited while experiments conducted. Large double-blinded randomized controlled needed further elucidate

Язык: Английский

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Effect of Clostridium butyricum against Microglia‐Mediated Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease via Regulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Butyrate

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 64(2)

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2019

Scope Recent evidences demonstrate that abnormal gut microbiota (GM) might be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, role probiotics preventing AD by regulating GM–gut–brain axis remains unclear. Here, anti‐neuroinflammatory effect and its mechanism probiotic Clostridium butyricum (CB) against is investigated axis. Methods results APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic are treated intragastrically with CB for 4 weeks then cognitively tested. Amyloid‐β (Aβ) burden, microglial activation, proinflammatory cytokines production, GM, metabolites butyrate analyzed. Moreover, Aβ‐induced BV2 microglia pretreated butyrate, levels cluster differentiation 11b (CD11b), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), NF‐κB p65 phosphorylation determined. The show treatment prevents cognitive impairment, Aβ deposits, production tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α interleukin (IL)‐1β brain APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, GM reversed after treatment. Notably, reduces CD11b COX‐2, suppresses microglia. Conclusions These findings indicate could attenuate microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation via axis, which mediated metabolite butyrate.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota in neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction: a focus on Alzheimer’s disease

Molecular Neurodegeneration, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Март 5, 2022

The implication of gut microbiota in the control brain functions health and disease is a novel, currently emerging concept. Accumulating data suggest that exert its action at least part by modulating neuroinflammation. Given link between neuroinflammatory changes neuronal activity, it plausible may affect indirectly impacting microglia, key player Indeed, increasing evidence suggests interplay microglia synaptic dysfunction involve microbiota, among other factors. In addition to these indirect microglia-dependent actions on has been recently recognized could also activity directly stimulation vagus nerve.

Язык: Английский

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High-fiber diet mitigates maternal obesity-induced cognitive and social dysfunction in the offspring via gut-brain axis

Cell Metabolism, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 33(5), С. 923 - 938.e6

Опубликована: Март 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Diagnosis to Treatment

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(3), С. 668 - 668

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2022

Gut microbiota is emerging as a key regulator of many disease conditions and its dysregulation implicated in the pathogenesis several gastrointestinal extraintestinal disorders. More recently, gut microbiome alterations have been linked to neurodegeneration through increasingly defined brain axis, opening possibility for new microbiota-based therapeutic options. Although studies conducted unravel possible relationship between Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) progression, diagnostic potential approaches aiming at restoring eubiosis remain be fully addressed. In this narrative review, we briefly summarize role homeostasis health disease, present evidence AD patients. Based on these observations, then discuss how dysbiosis might exploited tool early advanced stages, examine prebiotics, probiotics, fecal transplantation, diets complementary interventions thus offering insights into diagnosis treatment devastating progressive disease.

Язык: Английский

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Associations between gut microbiota and Alzheimer’s disease, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2020

Abstract Background Growing evidence has shown that alterations in the gut microbiota composition were associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions. However, whether such associations reflect causality remains unknown. We aimed to reveal causal relationships among microbiota, metabolites, and disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ). Methods A two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis was performed by using genetic variants from genome-wide association studies as instrumental variables for AD, MDD, SCZ, respectively. Results found suggestive host-genetic-driven increase Blautia (OR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.79–0.99; P = 0.028) elevated γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (0.96; 0.92–1.00; 0.034), downstream product -dependent arginine metabolism, lower risk AD. Genetically increased Enterobacteriaceae family Enterobacteriales order potentially higher SCZ (1.09; 1.00–1.18; 0.048), while Gammaproteobacteria class (0.90; 0.83–0.98; 0.011) related SCZ. Gut production serotonin an (1.07; 1.00–1.15; 0.047). Furthermore, genetically Bacilli MDD 1.02–1.12; 0.010). In other direction, altered composition. Conclusions These data first time provide potential links between microbiome GABA may play important role microbiota-host crosstalk AD Further investigations understanding underlying mechanisms are required.

Язык: Английский

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Structural and Functional Dysbiosis of Fecal Microbiota in Chinese Patients With Alzheimer's Disease

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2021

Increasing evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis plays vital roles in a variety of gut–brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, alterations the microbiota well their correlations with cognitive scores and host immunity have remained unclear well-controlled trials on Chinese AD patients. In this study, samples from 100 patients, 71 age- gender-matched, cognitively normal controls were obtained to explore structural functional fecal targeting V3–V4 region 16S rRNA gene by MiSeq sequencing, analyze associations clinical characteristics. Our data demonstrated remarkably reduction bacterial diversity taxonomic composition Interestingly, abundant butyrate-producing genera Faecalibacterium decreased significantly, where was positively correlated indicators MMSE, WAIS, Barthel On contrary, lactate-producing genera, Bifidobacterium , increased prominently, inversely these indicators. This shift microbiota, being butyrate producers lactate producers, contributed immune disturbances could be used non-invasive biomarkers distinguish Moreover, several predicted modules, including biosynthesis metabolism fatty acids, altered patients utilized bacteria produce immunomodulatory metabolites. study established results suggest potential for use early, diagnosis AD, personalized treatment, development tailor-made probiotics designed

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota in patients with Alzheimer’s disease spectrum: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Aging, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(1), С. 477 - 496

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2022

Context: Gut dysbiosis has been proposed as one of pathologies in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) spectrum. Despite such enthusiasm, the relevant results remain substantially controversial. Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to investigate differences gut microbiota (GM) between AD spectrum (including mild cognitive impairment [MCI] AD) healthy controls (HC). Data sources: PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library from January 2000 August 2021. Eligibility criteria for study selection: Observational trials pre-intervention data intervention that investigated abundance GM HC. extraction synthesis: Two reviewers independently identified articles, extracted data, evaluated risk bias. The effect sizes by a random-effect, inverse-variance weighted model. effects different countries clinical stages on also examined. Results: 11 studies consisting 378 HC 427 included meta-analysis. Patients AD, but not MCI, showed significantly reduced diversity compared We found more Proteobacteria, Bifidobacterium Phascolarctobacterium, less Firmicutes, Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae Rikenellaceae profiles Alistipes Bacteroides differentially affected countries. Finally, when considering stage moderator, comparisons Clostridiaceae Phascolarctobacterium large sizes, gradient changes MCI stage. Limitations: inclusion originating only China U.S. was possible limitation. Conclusions: demonstrated altered abundance, which mediated stages.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiome Features of Chinese Patients Newly Diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 80(1), С. 299 - 310

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2021

Background: Patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have gut microbiome alterations compared healthy controls. However, previous studies often assess AD patients who been on medications or other interventions for the disease. Also, simultaneous determination of in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) a study is rare. Objective: To determine whether there was alteration newly diagnosed MCI and degree more severe than MCI. Methods: Fecal samples 18 AD, 20 MCI, age-matched controls were collected morning 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. No patient had before collected. Results: Although no difference microbial α-diversity among three groups, increased β-diversity decreased Bacteroides, Lachnospira, Ruminiclostridium_9 Prevotella at genus level The changing direction these genera same as AD. Lachnospira only whose abundance statistically significantly lower positively associated better functions whereas contrary when subjects all groups considered. negative correlation remained Conclusion: dysbiosis that includes decrease potentially protective microbiome, such increase can promote inflammation, Prevotella. Our results support novel idea worsened stage from to

Язык: Английский

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