The dopamine hypothesis for ADHD: An evaluation of evidence accumulated from human studies and animal models

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2024

Multiple lines of evidence indicate that altered dopamine signaling may be involved in neuropsychiatric disorders and common behavioral traits. Here we critically review collected during the past 40-plus years supporting role dysfunction attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We recapitulate basic components dopaminergic central nervous system, focusing on core enzymes, transporters receptors monoaminergic functions, particularly striatal cortical regions. summarize key human brain imaging genetic studies reporting associations between neurotransmission traits, with an emphasis ADHD. also consider ADHD context animal models single gene, metabolic, neurological established system. Examining this way leads us to conclude there is for involvement but limited a hypo-dopaminergic state per se as component propose path forward increase our understanding traits should focus its clinical subgroups, development how it interacts other neurotransmitter systems.

Язык: Английский

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The impact of physical activity on inhibitory control of adult ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Global Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15

Опубликована: Март 14, 2025

We aimed to Investigate physical activity's effects on inhibitory control in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).The benefits of activity the ADHD were explored hope providing some suggestions for approaches treating ADHD. searched databases PubMed, Web Science, CNKI and Wanfang randomised controlled trials (RCTs) effect adults with ADHD, using PRISMA guidelines. used Cochrane Bias Risk Assessment Criteria assess methodological quality included studies. Finally, we performed a heterogeneity analysis potential publication bias Revman 5.4. A total eight articles, 14 studies, 373 experimental subjects systematic review meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results showed that both acute exercise (standard mean deviation (SMD) = -0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.10,-0.2, P 0.005) chronic (SMD -1.77, CI -2.84, -0.69, 0.0001) have positive Pilates -2.22, -2.97, -1.47, < 0.0001), Tai Chi -2.20, -6.25, -1.8, 0.25), cycling -0.67, -1.27, -0.08, 0.03), vibration training -1.39, -0.05, 0.07), yoga 0.01, -0.50, -0.48, 0.97), other different styles significant differences their control. Physical has beneficial However, more research is needed examine types activity, intervention modalities, dose-response intensity. This was registered INPLASY (registration number: 202490109).

Язык: Английский

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Dopaminergic system and neurons: role in multiple neurological diseases

Neuropharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 260, С. 110133 - 110133

Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Settling a distracted globe: An overview of psychosocial and psychotherapeutic treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

European Neuropsychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 83, С. 1 - 8

Опубликована: Март 14, 2024

While the currently prevailing theory of ADHD postulates a neurobiological background and core deficits behavioural inhibition executive functioning as basis symptoms, our current conceptualisation also acknowledges essential contributory role psychosocial, ecological, cognitive factors. Considering multifactorial ADHD, its treatment equally needs to be involving, besides pharmacotherapy, skill development psychotherapy well, especially if we postulate increasing contribution social factors in burden ADHD. Pharmacotherapies, including stimulants non-stimulant medications applied first-line treatments have positive effect on however, they often do not sufficiently remediate several other symptoms comorbid disorders, which are consequences considering that persists into adulthood is present over whole life span. Furthermore, pharmacological sufficient substitute for skills needed manage adapt well environment. As part multimodal approach, psychological therapies target, associated features emotional dysregulation, personality development, neurocognitive dysfunction, depression, anxiety, sleep problems. Insufficiently treated may contribute developmental problems children, increased health costs decreased productivity warranting address areas targeted by ADHD-specific pharmacotherapy.

Язык: Английский

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Validity of the Italian Version of DIVA-5: Semi-Structured Diagnostic Interview for Adult ADHD Based on the DSM-5 Criteria

Healthcare, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(3), С. 244 - 244

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2025

Introduction: In 2019, an updated version of the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA-5) was developed based on DSM-5 criteria, currently validated Korean and Farsi. The aim this study is to validate DIVA-5 Italian version. Methods: 132 subjects Adult Screening Center AUSL-Modena, who agreed participate study, were selected. Socio-demographic clinical variables collected. DIVA-5, Barkley Rating Scale (BAARS), Self (ASRS-v1.1) administered. We assessed internal consistency its concurrent validity with ASRS-v1.1 BAARS-IV. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) conducted evaluate construct validity, a multiple linear regression predictive validity. Results: Our indicated good consistence (Cronbach’s alpha Kuder coefficients ranged between 0.61 0.78). EFA showed five factors representing specific variance. correlation corresponding dimensions BAARS found be statistically significant (Spearman’s coefficient 0.47, p = 0.000), while all except child hyperactivity/impulsivity. positive association score “job” variable negative “drug therapy”. greater sensitivity inattention adulthood specificity hyperactivity/impulsivity childhood. Conclusions: results confirm that represents valid reliable tool diagnose adult ADHD.

Язык: Английский

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Behandlung der ADHS bei Erwachsenen

DNP – Die Neurologie & Psychiatrie, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(2), С. 27 - 31

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

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Subsequent psychiatric disorders in attention deficit and hyperactivity children receiving speech therapy

World Journal of Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(5)

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2025

BACKGROUND Speech and language therapy (ST) might moderate the prognosis in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbid speech delay. This study investigated whether ST ADHD is associated a decreased risk of subsequent psychiatric disorders. AIM To investigate METHODS The population-based National Health Insurance Research Database Taiwan was used. Hazards disorders were compared between those who received propensity-score matched comparison group by Cox regression analyses. RESULTS Of 11987 identified from dataset, 2911 (24%) had ST. adjusted hazard ratio for any recorded 0.72 (95% confidence interval: 0.63-0.82) to counterparts. protective association only statistically significant subgroup that both medication behavioral interventions. CONCLUSION can effects integrated early interventions

Язык: Английский

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The Therapeutic Potential of Amphetamine-like Psychostimulants

Life, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(11), С. 2180 - 2180

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2023

This review delves into the therapeutic applications of amphetamine-type stimulants such as lisdexamphetamine dimesylate, mixed amphetamine salts, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), dextroamphetamine, and phentermine. These compounds have been investigated for their potential in treating a range psychiatric disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), drug dependence, post-traumatic stress (PTSD), obesity. Lisdexamphetamine dimesylate has shown promise effectively ADHD symptoms both children adults. Additionally, it explored treatment dependency withdrawal, demonstrating encouraging results. Mixed salts also exhibited efficacy reducing Future research should explore use bipolar cocaine considering associated risks benefits. MDMA-assisted psychotherapy emerged an innovative approach to PTSD, leading sustained reductions even promoting growth. Furthermore, managing anxiety related life-threatening illnesses. Dextroamphetamine phentermine demonstrated opioid ADHD, However, careful consideration monitoring by medical professionals are essential due benefits with them. In conclusion, present promising avenue interventions various conditions. Nevertheless, further is necessary comprehensively understand mechanisms action, dosage requirements, long-term effects different patient populations.

Язык: Английский

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Jump Rope Exercise Improves Executive Function in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2024

Objective: This study investigated the effects of an easily implemented 8-week program centered around jump rope exercise (JRE) on executive function among children with ADHD. Methods: Using Stroop Color Word Test to assess inhibitory control, n-back task (1- and 2-back) working memory, switching cognitive flexibility. Results: After intervention, there were within-group only for experimental group, higher accuracy 1-back memory (t= -2.79，p= 0.011&lt; 0.05，Cohen&rsquo;s d= 0.60) after compared before JRE intervention -4.00，p=0.01&lt;0.05，Cohen&rsquo;s 0.85), but no change in reaction time. There was significant difference test (P&gt; 0.05). Additionally, between-group as assessed by one-way analyses variance. Conclusion: focused improved two aspects function, flexibility, effect a third aspect, ADHD aged 7 12 years.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of stimulant treatment on refractive errors and pupil diameter in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Acta Ophthalmologica, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 102(5)

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2024

Abstract Purpose The relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and visual impairment remains poorly understood, the impact of on development ADHD is uncertain. aim this study was to investigate refractive profile ocular biometric characteristics in patients diagnosed with compare them a control group. Additionally, we aimed explore potential influence sex medication intake. Methods A cohort 100 participants, including 50 individuals age‐ sex‐matched subjects, included study. Ocular parameters were measured, error assessed using cycloplegic non‐cycloplegic autorefraction. Subgroup analyses performed within group based sex, intake age associations findings. Results We observed no statistically significant differences axial length, corneal topography or anterior chamber subjects. However, subgroup analysis revealed that prevalence ametropia under cycloplegia significantly higher unmedicated (69.6%) compared medicated (37.5%) (X 2 (2) = 7.320, p 0.026) participants. Pupil diameter larger (3.91 mm) (3.58 mm; 0.017) individuals. Males had flatter ( 0.004) thicker 0.008) corneas than females. Older participants 0.008 for 0.0.003 cycloplegic), length 0.002) astigmatism 0.049). Conclusions Our provides compelling evidence exhibit similar incidence errors normal Nonetheless, appears be patients, suggesting benefit stimulant treatment. use associated an increase pupil diameter.

Язык: Английский

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