Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Comorbidities, and Emerging Therapies
Comprehensive physiology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Humans
are
perhaps
evolutionarily
engineered
to
get
deeply
addicted
sugar,
as
it
not
only
provides
energy
but
also
helps
in
storing
fats,
which
survival
during
starvation.
Additionally,
sugars
(glucose
and
fructose)
stimulate
the
feel‐good
factor,
they
trigger
secretion
of
serotonin
dopamine
brain,
associated
with
reward
sensation,
uplifting
mood
general.
However,
when
consumed
excess,
contributes
imbalance,
weight
gain,
obesity,
leading
onset
a
complex
metabolic
disorder,
generally
referred
diabetes.
Type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
is
one
most
prevalent
forms
diabetes,
nearly
affecting
all
age
groups.
T2DM
clinically
diagnosed
cardinal
sign
chronic
hyperglycemia
(excessive
sugar
blood).
Chronic
hyperglycemia,
coupled
dysfunctions
pancreatic
β‐cells,
insulin
resistance,
immune
inflammation,
further
exacerbate
pathology
T2DM.
Uncontrolled
T2DM,
major
public
health
concern,
significantly
toward
progression
several
micro‐
macrovascular
diseases,
such
diabetic
retinopathy,
nephropathy,
neuropathy,
atherosclerosis,
cardiovascular
including
cancer.
The
current
review
discusses
epidemiology,
causative
factors,
pathophysiology,
comorbidities,
existing
emerging
therapies
related
It
future
roadmap
for
alternative
drug
discovery
management
Язык: Английский
Asociación entre variables sociodemográficas, hábitos saludables y estrés con diabesidad
Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 500754 - 500754
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Diabesidad y mortalidad de causa cardiovascular en una cohorte prospectiva de origen poblacional seguida más de 20 años
Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 500768 - 500768
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Different action of glucocorticoid receptor in adipose tissue remodelling to modulate energy homeostasis by chronic restraint stress
Lipids in Health and Disease,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
24(1)
Опубликована: Март 27, 2025
Abstract
Background
Chronic
stress
in
daily
life
is
a
well-known
trigger
for
various
health
issues.
Despite
advancements
obesity
research,
the
mechanisms
governing
lipid
metabolism
adipose
tissue
during
cachexia
remain
poorly
understood.
Methods
A
chronic
restraint
(CRS)
model
was
used
to
induce
significant
physiological
and
psychological
mice.
Mice
were
subjected
6
h
of
50
mL
plastic
tubes
seven
consecutive
days.
fasting
control
group
included
comparison.
Post-stress
assessments
behavioural
tests,
glucose
insulin
tolerance
tests
indirect
calorimetry.
Blood
samples
collected
mRNA
protein
analyses.
Results
CRS
induced
changes
mice,
including
depression-like
behaviours,
weight
loss
reduced
sensitivity.
Notably,
caused
extensive
remodelling.
White
(WAT)
underwent
‘browning’
accompanied
by
an
increase
expression
thermogenic
proteins.
This
counteracted
stress-induced
‘whitening’
brown
(BAT),
which
exhibited
impaired
thermogenesis
functionality,
thereby
maintaining
energy
balance
systematically.
The
glucocorticoid
receptor
(GR)
plays
crucial
role
regulation
these
changes.
GR
levels
inversely
correlated
BAT
WAT,
but
aligned
with
patterns
proteins
across
tissues.
These
findings
suggest
that
under
metabolic
stress,
mediates
tissue-specific
responses
tissues,
driving
functional
phenotypic
transitions
WAT
maintain
homeostasis.
Conclusions
study
provides
novel
insights
into
contrasting
phenotypes
emaciation
highlights
critical
GRs
remodelling
its
potential
as
therapeutic
target.
Addressing
GR-mediated
tissues
may
help
alleviate
dysfunction
promote
browning,
enhancing
resistance.
Язык: Английский
Effect of Stress on Hormone Levels in the Blood Serum of Rats with Alimentary Obesity
Vladimir Vladimirovich Shotaev,
Karina Ruslanovna Doshkhokloeva,
Petimat Hozh-Ahmedovna Vakhidova
и другие.
Pharmacophore,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(3), С. 47 - 52
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Язык: Английский
Integrating the metabolic and molecular circuits in diabetes, obesity and cancer: a comprehensive review
Discover Oncology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2024
The
progressive
globalization
of
sedentary
lifestyles
and
diets
rich
in
lipids
processed
foods
has
caused
two
major
public
health
hazards-diabetes
obesity.
strong
interlink
between
obesity
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
their
combined
burden
encompass
them
into
a
single
term
'Diabesity'.
They
have
also
been
tagged
as
the
drivers
for
onset
cancer.
clinical
association
diabetes,
obesity,
several
types
human
cancer
demands
an
assessment
vital
junctions
correlating
three.
This
review
focuses
on
revisiting
molecular
axis
linking
to
through
pathways
that
get
imbalanced
owing
metabolic
upheaval.
We
attempt
describe
functional
disruptions
DNA
repair
mechanisms
due
overwhelming
oxidative
damage
by
diabesity.
Genomic
instability,
known
hallmark
results
when
does
not
work
optimally,
will
be
inferred
from
this
obtruded
homeostasis
creates
favorable
microenvironment
supporting
reprogramming
enabling
malignancies.
Altered
hormonal
landscapes
these
morbidities
provide
novel
connection
metabolomics
oncogenesis.
Understanding
various
aspects
tumorigenic
process
diabesity-induced
cancers
might
help
discovery
new
biomarkers
prompt
targeted
therapeutic
interventions.
Язык: Английский
Recent Progress in Biosensors for Depression Monitoring—Advancing Personalized Treatment
Jiaju Yin,
Xinyuan Jia,
Haorong Li
и другие.
Biosensors,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(9), С. 422 - 422
Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2024
Depression
is
currently
a
major
contributor
to
unnatural
deaths
and
the
healthcare
burden
globally,
patient's
battle
with
depression
often
long
one.
Because
causes,
symptoms,
effects
of
medications
are
complex
highly
individualized,
early
identification
personalized
treatment
key
improving
outcomes.
The
development
wearable
electronics,
machine
learning,
other
technologies
in
recent
years
has
provided
more
possibilities
for
realization
this
goal.
Conducting
regular
monitoring
through
biosensing
technology
allows
comprehensive
objective
analysis
than
previous
self-evaluations.
This
includes
identifying
depressive
episodes,
distinguishing
somatization
analyzing
etiology,
evaluating
effectiveness
programs.
review
summarizes
research
on
depression.
Special
attention
given
that
can
be
portable
or
wearable,
potential
enable
patient
use
outside
hospital,
periods.
Язык: Английский
Diabetes and Cancer: The Perfect Storm and a PRICE to Pay
Cancers,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(12), С. 2247 - 2247
Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2024
Diabetes,
obesity,
cardiovascular
diseases,
and
cancer
are
noncommunicable
diseases
representing
the
main
global
health
challenges
of
current
century
[...]
Язык: Английский
Role of Intermittent Fasting In Starving Cancer Cells
Lviv clinical bulletin,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
3 (47), С. 96 - 109
Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2024
Introduction.
An
absolute
burden
of
over
35
million
new
cancer
cases
is
predicted
by
2050.
Although
significant
progress
has
been
made
in
the
field
oncology
via
use
surgical
removal,
radiation
treatment,
chemotherapy,
and
introduction
immunotherapy,
overall
rates
survival
prognoses
for
patients
are
still
unsatisfactory.
In
last
decade,
intermittent
fasting
(IF)
become
increasingly
popular
weight
control
potential
health
benefits.
Additionally,
research
primarily
focused
on
investigating
impact
IF
metabolism,
mitochondrial
function,
stress
responses,
repair
mechanisms,
autophagy.
The
aim
study.
To
make
a
literature
review
about
role
starving
cells.
Materials
methods.
This
narrative
involved
comprehensive
search
through
databases
such
as
PubMed
Google
Scholar.
Distinct
keywords
-
″intermittent
fasting″,
regimens″,
″calorie
restriction″,
″oncology″,
″chemotherapy″
″tumor
microenvironment″
were
used.
Results.
exhibits
impacts
immune
system's
ability
to
fight
against
tumors
strengthening
hematopoietic
stem
cells
replenish
themselves
enhance
immunosuppression.
Under
an
program,
certain
tissues
organs
exhibit
enhanced
resilience
various
stressors.
Emerging
shows
that
effectiveness
tolerance
anticancer
medicines,
regulate
carcinogenic
influences,
reprogram
clock
genes'
rhythmic
expression
tumor
environments,
inhibit
growth
modifying
natural
processes
like
insulin
signalling,
heme
oxygenase-1,
prevent
proliferation
myeloid-derived
suppressor
priming
microenvironment
support
drug
delivery
targets
tumors.
Cancer
treatment
notably
shields
normal
while
raising
efficacy
chemotherapy
(CT)
reducing
CT-induced
inflammation
several
immunological,
biochemical,
molecular
mechanisms.
Conclusions.
Regularly
practising
more
than
one
day
may
confer
notable
benefits
protecting
healthy
deleterious
effects
radiation.
synergistic
therapeutic
alongside
suggests
it
enhances
also
chemotherapy-induced
inflammation.
While
promise
cancers,
breast
cancer,
its
other
types
remains
uncertain,
necessitating
further
personalized
plans.
Язык: Английский