Madagascar’s extraordinary biodiversity: Evolution, distribution, and use

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 378(6623)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2022

Madagascar's biota is hyperdiverse and includes exceptional levels of endemicity. We review the current state knowledge on past terrestrial freshwater biodiversity by compiling presenting comprehensive data species diversity, endemism, rates description human uses, in addition to an updated simplified map vegetation types. report a substantial increase records new science recent years; however, diversity evolution many groups remain practically unknown (e.g., fungi most invertebrates). Digitization efforts are increasing resolution richness patterns we highlight crucial role field- collections-based research for advancing identifying gaps our understanding, particularly as corresponds closely collection effort. Phylogenetic mirror that endemism analyzed groups. humid forests centers because their refugia rapid radiations. However, distinct other areas, such grassland-woodland mosaic Central Highlands spiny forest southwest, also biologically important despite lower richness. The documented uses Malagasy manifold, with much potential uncovering useful traits food, medicine, climate mitigation. presented here showcase Madagascar unique "living laboratory" understanding complex interactions between people nature. gathering analysis must continue accelerate if fully understand safeguard this subset Earth's biodiversity.

Язык: Английский

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A Systematic Review on the Impacts of Climate Change on Coffee Agrosystems

Plants, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1), С. 102 - 102

Опубликована: Дек. 25, 2022

Coffee production is fragile, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports indicate that climate change (CC) will reduce worldwide yields average decrease coffee-suitable land by 2050. This article adopted systematic review approach to provide an update of literature available impacts coffee other ecosystem services following framework proposed Millenium Ecosystem Assessment. The identified 148 records from considering effects variability production, covering countries mostly three continents (America, Africa, Asia). current evaluates analyses various single using qualitative quantitative methodologies. Impacts have been classified described according different impact groups. However, research products lacked important analytical functions precise relationships between potential risks CC farming systems associated services. Consequently, manuscript recommends further work their interrelation assess framework.

Язык: Английский

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Uncovering the wide protective responses in Coffea spp. leaves to single and superimposed exposure of warming and severe water deficit

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2024

Climate changes boosted the frequency and severity of drought heat events, with aggravated when these stresses occur simultaneously, turning crucial to unveil plant response mechanisms such harsh conditions. Therefore, responses/resilience single combined exposure severe water deficit (SWD) were assessed in two cultivars main coffee-producing species: Coffea arabica cv. Icatu C. canephora Conilon Clone 153 (CL153). Well-watered plants (WW) exposed SWD under an adequate temperature 25/20°C (day/night), thereafter submitted a gradual increase up 42/30°C, 14-d recovery period (Rec14). Greater protective was found than 37/28°C and/or 42/30°C (except for HSP70) both cultivars, but CL153-SWD showed larger variations leaf thermal imaging crop stress index (CWSI, 85% rise at 37/28°C) stomatal conductance (I G , 66% decline 25/20°C). Both revealed great resilience 37/28°C, tolerance limit surpassed 42/30°C. Under combination, usually displayed lower impacts on membrane permeability, PSII function, likely associated various responses, mostly driven by (but often kept or even strengthened 42/30°C). These included photoprotective zeaxanthin lutein, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, Cu,Zn-SOD; ascorbate peroxidase, APX), HSP70, arabinose mannitol (involving de novo sugar synthesis), contributing constrain lipoperoxidation. Also, only strong reinforcement glutathione reductase activity combination. In general, activities antioxidative declined Cu,Zn-SOD CAT CL153), HSP70 raffinose maintained higher Icatu, whereas markedly increased CL153. Overall, plasticity found, especially that greater responsiveness coordinated protection all experimental conditions, justifying low PI Chr absence lipoperoxidation Despite clear Rec14, some aftereffects persisted ( e.g ., membranes), relevant terms repeated full stresses.

Язык: Английский

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Shade and Altitude Implications on the Physical and Chemical Attributes of Green Coffee Beans from Gorongosa Mountain, Mozambique

Agronomy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(10), С. 2540 - 2540

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2022

Coffea arabica L. is as a tropical crop that can be grown under monocrop or agroforestry (AFS) systems, usually at altitudes greater than 600 m, with suitable environmental conditions to bean quality. This study aimed assess the effect of altitude (650, 825, and 935 m) light (deep shade—DS, moderate shade—MS provided by native trees, full Sun—FS) on physical chemical attributes green coffee beans produced in Gorongosa Mountain. Regardless altitude, (mainly MS FS) scarcely affected most studied attributes. Among few exceptions attributes, mass tended lower values FS all three altitudes, whereas density increased 650 m. As regards compound contents, sporadic changes were found. The rises trigonelline (MS m), soluble sugars (FS decline p-coumaric acid 825 may indicate an improved sensory profile, but rise FQAs could have negative impact. These results highlight relevant uncertainty quality obtained bean. Altitude (from extended fruit maturation period four weeks, altered larger number traits, average sieve (consistent tendency), commercial homogeneity, mass, became less yellowish brighter m (b*, C* colour attributes), pointing good trade quality, compared from Furthermore, 5-CQA increased, diCQAs isomers declined (in conditions). Altogether, these likely contributed improve cup Caffeine showed mostly inconsistent variations. Overall, (FS, MS, DS) did not greatly consistently (likely associated temperature, water availability (rainfall/fog), period) was major driver for

Язык: Английский

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Coffee sustainability: leveraging collaborative breeding for variety improvement

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2024

The sustainability of global coffee supply is threatened by production challenges worsening with every decade since the turn 21st century. Coffee among most popular beverages in world, and its supports livelihoods millions people, mostly smallholder farmers. With a market value exceeding US$130 billion, industry source export revenue for producing countries, majority which are developing nations Global South. Climate change, pests, diseases continue to hamper productivity, profitability, countries’ competitiveness market. At same time, demand continues rise. A crucial pillar safeguarding future continuously improved varieties suitable changing environment, that address needs farmers industry. Yet, national breeding programs grossly out touch climate change reality dynamics. Working isolation, these constrained unstable funding, limited sources genetic variability, inaccessibility modern technologies necessary accelerate process. We review here key challenges, status diversity, approaches. Additionally, we explore opportunities leveraging pre-competitive collaborative approach encompassing sharing germplasm, cross-border multi-environment trials next-generation cultivars. argue efforts should be informed all stakeholders chain including researchers, farmers, small medium-sized enterprises investing processing roasting, consumers. Using emerging reviving producers Southeast Asia Eastern Africa as model, how paradigm shift from historically nation-centric more forward-looking model could improve efficiency variety improvement face growing demand.

Язык: Английский

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Characterization of the genetic composition and establishment of a core collection for the INERA Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) field genebank from the Democratic Republic of Congo

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 7

Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2023

Cultivation of Robusta coffee is likely to gain importance because its high disease resistance and climate envelope. genetic resources conserved in field genebanks can play an important role further improve cupping quality other agronomic traits, but such Coffea canephora collections are limited still poorly characterized. In this study, we characterized the composition historically until recently neglected INERA Coffee Collection Yangambi (the Democratic Republic Congo). We used GBS discover genome-wide diversity, created validated a novel multiplex amplicon sequencing (HiPlex) screening assay genetically screen 730 shrubs Collection, grouped clonal material delineated 263 accessions with unique fingerprints. Comparison reference three origins revealed that majority were assigned ‘Lula’ cultivar origin, four Congolese subgroup A nine most closely related local wild accessions. About one-quarter was derived from hybridization between these groups, which could result seed-based propagation collection, breeding efforts, or natural cross-pollination. Parental analyses discovered eight preferentially accessions, may correspond selected founders, direct descendants thereof, whose seed once widely establish plantations. Finally, two core proposed using maximization strategy (CC-I; 100 accessions) distance method (CC-X; 10 accessions). Our study demonstrates for characterization general contributes re-evaluation exploration Congo particular.

Язык: Английский

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A climate change perspective on the selection, development, and management of Coffea canephora genotypes

Advances in botanical research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Variation in Yield, Berry Distribution and Chemical Attributes of Coffea arabica Beans among the Canopy Strata of Four Genotypes Cultivated under Contrasted Water Regimes

Horticulturae, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(2), С. 215 - 215

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2023

Water availability, light, management practices, and harvest time impacts on Coffea arabica L. yield bean quality remain uncertain. It was hypothesized that the soil water light availability could impact berry distribution, yield, chemical attributes within plant canopy. Therefore, it aimed to study traits along canopy strata of four coffee genotypes (Iapar 59, Catuaí 99 two Ethiopian wild accessions, ‘E083’ ‘E027’), cultivated with (IRR) without irrigation (NI) in initial years. The maximum height occurrence lower NI than IRR plants both In 2nd year, higher leaf-to-fruit ratio found under for all genotypes, except 99, while most regular distribution among obtained ‘E083’, highest Iapar percent useful biomass 99. reduced lipid content more important 1st (all genotypes) year 59 ‘E027’). As a novelty, composition additionally impacted by strata. Proteins declined from bottom (shaded) upper (highly exposed) strata, regardless genotype year. Similar stratification observed caffeine Although some were somewhat changed no substantial changes occurred, thus allowing might include entire not only specific showed usually associated high quality, lipid, sucrose, soluble sugar contents, lowest caffeine, chlorogenic acids, phenolic components but less affected their NI. Based additional responses space occupation IRR, accession must be considered future breeding programs as promising material intensive input conditions. High variated qualified prominent genotypes.

Язык: Английский

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Drought responses in Coffea arabica as affected by genotype and phenophase. I – leaf distribution and branching

Experimental Agriculture, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 60

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Summary In Coffea arabica , there is a small genetic distance between wild and bred genotypes. However, coffee genotypes express differential acclimation to multiple drought cycles, allowing them successfully deal with water-limiting conditions. We hypothesized that cultivars have plant structure less sensitive than Plant leaf architecture were analyzed over the strata of two (Iapar 59 Catuaí 99) Ethiopia accessions (‘E083’ ‘E027’) grown under rainfed conditions irrigation. During consecutive productive years, evaluations taken at berry expansion (BE1 BE2) harvest (BH1 BH2) phenophases. The canopy was divided into up four 40 cm thickness. Topological geometric coding trees performed in three botanical scales – metamers, branches, plants multiscale tree graphs (MTGs), following VPlants modeling platform. Leaf branch area per increased development, being always significantly higher irrigated all individual least water regime 99, while 2 nd order axis elevation angle relation horizontal plane, ranging from 0° 90° ‘E083’. This finding partially corroborated our hypothesis orchestrated reprograming leaf/branch responses vertical profile availability accessions. Leaves 4 th -order branching roughly plagiophile, 1 st leaves classified as extremophiles. When planophile, irrespective genotype, this pattern found lowest, stratum, newest developed stratum. Such not obligatorily related regime, similar exception ‘E083’, very drought. Taken together, data suggest elevations C. more influenced by light distribution through i.e., self-shading availability.

Язык: Английский

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Ecophysiology of coffee growth and production in a context of climate changes

Advances in botanical research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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