Nutritional Components in Western Diet Versus Mediterranean Diet at the Gut Microbiota–Immune System Interplay. Implications for Health and Disease

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(2), С. 699 - 699

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2021

The most prevalent diseases of our time, non-communicable (NCDs) (including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and some types cancer) are rising worldwide. All them share the condition an “inflammatory disorder”, with impaired immune functions frequently caused or accompanied by alterations in gut microbiota. These multifactorial maladies also have common malnutrition related to physiopathology. In this context, diet is greatest modulator system–microbiota crosstalk, much interest, new challenges, arising area precision nutrition as a way towards treatment prevention. It fact that westernized (WD) partly responsible for increased prevalence NCDs, negatively affecting both microbiota system. Conversely, other nutritional approaches, such Mediterranean (MD), positively influence system microbiota, proposed not only potential tool clinical management different disease conditions, but prevention health promotion globally. Thus, purpose review determine regulatory role components WD MD interplay, order understand, create awareness of, over key components.

Язык: Английский

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The microbiome in threatened species conservation

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 229, С. 85 - 98

Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Trans-Epithelial Permeability

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(17), С. 6402 - 6402

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2020

Constant remodeling of tight junctions to regulate trans-epithelial permeability is essential in maintaining intestinal barrier functions and thus preventing diffusion small molecules bacteria host systemic circulation. Gut microbiota dysbiosis dysfunctional gut have been correlated a large number diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes inflammatory bowel disease. This led the hypothesis that bacteria-epithelial cell interactions are key regulators epithelial through modulation junctions. Nevertheless, molecular basis host-pathogen remains unclear mostly due inability most vitro models recreate differentiated tissue structure components observed normal epithelium. Recent advances development novel cellular model derived from stem cells, so-called organoids, encompassing all types reproducing physiological properties tissue. We summarize herein knowledge on aspects involvement interactions. review also focuses organoids promising for study microbiota-host interaction.

Язык: Английский

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Gut bacteria signaling to mitochondria in intestinal inflammation and cancer

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 11(3), С. 285 - 304

Опубликована: Март 26, 2019

The gastrointestinal microbiome plays a pivotal role in physiological homeostasis of the intestine as well pathophysiology diseases including inflammatory bowel (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota signal to mitochondria mucosal cells, epithelial cells immune cells. Gut signaling has been shown alter mitochondrial metabolism, activate induce inflammasome signaling, barrier function. Both dysbiosis dysfunction are associated with chronic intestinal inflammation CRC. This review discusses metabolism dysfunction, known microbiota-mediated alterations during IBD

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis: insights on pathogenesis and treatment

Journal of Digestive Diseases, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(3), С. 147 - 159

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2020

Gut microbiota constitute the largest reservoir of human microbiome and are an abundant stable ecosystem-based on its diversity, complexity, redundancy, host interactions This ecosystem is indispensable for development health. The integrity intestinal mucosal barrier depends with gut microbiota. commensal bacterial community implicated in pathogenesis inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC). dysbiosis microbes characterized by reduced biodiversity, abnormal composition microbiota, altered spatial distribution, as well among between different strains host. defects microecology, related metabolic pathways molecular mechanisms, play a critical role innate immunity mucosa UC. Fecal transplantation (FMT) has been used to treat many diseases most promising outcome reported antibiotic-associated diarrhea, followed IBD. review evaluated results various reports FMT efficacy remains highly controversial, needs be regularized integrated management, standardization procedures, individualization treatment.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(30), С. 4053 - 4060

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2022

The gut microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that inhabit the digestive tracts humans, living in symbiosis with host. Dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance between beneficial and opportunistic microbiota, associated several gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); inflammatory disease (IBD), represented ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease; colorectal cancer (CRC). Dysbiosis can disrupt mucosal barrier, resulting perpetuation inflammation carcinogenesis. increase some specific groups harmful bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli) enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), has been chronic tissue release pro-inflammatory carcinogenic mediators, increasing chance developing CRC, following inflammation-dysplasia-cancer sequence IBD patients. Therefore, aim present review was to analyze correlation changes development maintenance IBD, IBD-associated CRC. Patients CRC have shown reduced bacterial diversity abundance compared healthy individuals, enrichment Firmicute sand Bacteroidetes. Specific bacteria are also onset progression Fusobacterium nucleatum, E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus gallolyticus, ETBF. Future research evaluate advantages modulating preventive measures high-risk patients, directly affecting prognosis quality life

Язык: Английский

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Microbial impact on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism: current status and future prospects

Journal of Lipid Research, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 60(2), С. 323 - 332

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2018

Recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as a crucial factor that influences cholesterol metabolism. Ever since, significant interest been shown in investigating these host-microbiome interactions to uncover microbiome-mediated functions on and bile acid (BA) Indeed, changes composition and, hence, its derived metabolites have previously reported subsequently impact metabolic processes linked several diseases. In this context, associations between disrupted microbiome, impaired BA metabolism, dysregulation highlighted. Extensive advances metagenomic metabolomic studies field allowed us further our understanding of role intestinal bacteria health disease. However, only few provided mechanistic insights into their Identifying myriad maintain homeostasis remain an important challenge such research. review, we discuss association with disease settings, potential modulating promising therapeutic target lower hypercholesterolemia.

Язык: Английский

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Ranking microbiome variance in inflammatory bowel disease: a large longitudinal intercontinental study

Gut, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 70(3), С. 499 - 510

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2020

Objective The microbiome contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but relative contribution different lifestyle and environmental factors compositional variability gut microbiota is unclear. Design Here, we rank size effect activity, medications, diet geographic location faecal composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing) in patients with Crohn’s (CD; n=303), ulcerative colitis (UC; n = 228) controls (n=161), followed longitudinally (at three time points 16 weeks intervals). Results Reduced diversity increased was confirmed CD UC compared controls. Significant differences between diseases, particularly CD, were evident. Longitudinal analyses revealed reduced temporal stability IBD, changes activity. Machine learning separated from controls, active inactive disease, when consecutive modelled. Geographic accounted for most variance, second presence or absence by history surgical resection, alcohol consumption diagnosis, medications (90.3%) variance stochastic unexplained. Conclusion popular concept precision medicine rational design any therapeutic manipulation will have contend not only heterogeneity host response, also widely differing lifestyles much still unaccounted for.

Язык: Английский

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Fecal and Mucosal Microbiota Profiling in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2019

An imbalance in the bacterial species resulting loss of intestinal homeostasis has been described inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and irritable syndrome (IBS). In this prospective study, we investigated whether IBD IBS patients exhibit specific changes richness distribution fecal mucosal-associated microbiota. Additionally, assessed potential 16S rRNA gene amplicons biomarkers for IBD, IBS, controls (CTRLs) by comparison taxonomic composition. The relative abundance bacteria, at phylum genus/species levels, diversity were determined through sequence-based mucosal microbiota analysis. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was used biomarker discovery associated to as compared CTRLs. samples, characterized a microbial reduction, going from CTRLs IBD. β-diversity showed clear separation between with no significant mucosa stool samples all groups. there difference inflamed not mucosa. Based upon LEfSe data, Anaerostipes Ruminococcaceae identified most differentially abundant taxa Erysipelotrichi while Gammaproteobacteria, Enterococcus, Enterococcaceae This study provides an overview alterations may aid identifying IBS.

Язык: Английский

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Pathobiont release from dysbiotic gut microbiota biofilms in intestinal inflammatory diseases: a role for iron?

Journal of Biomedical Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 26(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2019

Gut microbiota interacting with an intact mucosal surface are key to the maintenance of homeostasis and health. This review discusses current state knowledge biofilm mode growth these communities, how in turn their disruptions may cause disease. Beyond alterations relative microbial abundance diversity, aim is focus on structure function, dispersion commensal bacteria, mechanisms whereby dispersed commensals become pathobionts. Recent findings have linked iron acquisition expression virulence factors gut that Causal studies emerging, common enteropathogen-induced disruptions, as well those reported for Inflammatory Bowel Disease colo-rectal cancer used examples illustrate great translational potential such research. These new observations shed light our attempts develop therapies able protect restore many disease conditions been dysbiosis.

Язык: Английский

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