Current trends, limitations and future research in the fungi?

Fungal Diversity, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 125(1), С. 1 - 71

Опубликована: Март 20, 2024

Abstract The field of mycology has grown from an underappreciated subset botany, to a valuable, modern scientific discipline. As this study grown, there have been significant contributions science, technology, and industry, highlighting the value fungi in era. This paper looks at current research, along with existing limitations, suggests future areas where scientists can focus their efforts, mycology. We show how become important emerging diseases medical discuss trends potential drug novel compound discovery. explore phylogenomics, its potential, outcomes address question phylogenomics be applied fungal ecology. In addition, functional genomics studies are discussed importance unravelling intricate mechanisms underlying behaviour, interactions, adaptations, paving way for comprehensive understanding biology. look research building materials, they used as carbon sinks, biocircular economies. numbers always great interest often written about estimates varied greatly. Thus, we needs order obtain more reliable estimates. aspects machine learning (AI) it mycological research. Plant pathogens affecting food production systems on global scale, such, needed area, particularly disease detection. latest data High Throughput Sequencing if still gaining new knowledge same rate before. A review nanotechnology is provided addressed. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi addressed acknowledged. Fungal databases becoming important, therefore provide major databases. Edible medicinal huge medicines, especially Asia prospects discussed. Lifestyle changes (e.g., endophytes, pathogens, and/or saprobes) also extremely trend special issue Diversity.

Язык: Английский

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Ten decadal advances in fungal biology leading towards human well-being

Fungal Diversity, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 116(1), С. 547 - 614

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2022

Fungi are an understudied resource possessing huge potential for developing products that can greatly improve human well-being. In the current paper, we highlight some important discoveries and developments in applied mycology interdisciplinary Life Science research. These examples concern recently introduced drugs treatment of infections neurological diseases; application -OMICS techniques genetic tools medical regulation mycotoxin production; as well highlights mushroom cultivaton Asia. Examples new diagnostic exploitation candidates therapeutic drugs, also given. addition, two entries illustrating latest use fungi biodegradation fungal biomaterial production provided. Some other areas where there have been and/or will be significant included. It is our hope this paper help realise importance a industrial see next decades bring forward many fungus-derived products.

Язык: Английский

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Forecasting the number of species of asexually reproducing fungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota)

Fungal Diversity, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 114(1), С. 463 - 490

Опубликована: Март 13, 2022

Язык: Английский

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A new order, Entrophosporales, and three new Entrophospora species in Glomeromycota

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2022

As a result of phylogenomic, phylogenetic, and morphological analyses members the genus Claroideoglomus , four potential new glomoid spore-producing species Entrophospora infrequens order, Entrophosporales, with one family, Entrophosporaceae (=Claroideoglomeraceae), was erected in phylum Glomeromycota. The phylogenomic recovered Entrophosporales as sister to clade formed by Diversisporales Glomeraceae. strongly conserved entrophosporoid morph E. provided newly designated epitype, shown represent group cryptic produce different morphs. Of species, three enriched argentinensis, glacialis furrazolae which originated from Argentina, Sweden, Oman, Poland. fourth fungus appeared be epitype. physical association morphs reported illustrated here for first time. phylogenetic analyses, using nuc rDNA rpb1 concatenated sequences, confirmed previous conclusion that Albahypha family sensu Oehl et al. is an unsupported taxon. Finally, descriptions Glomerales, Entrophosporaceae, were emended nomenclatural combinations introduced.

Язык: Английский

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Cyanobacterial interactions and symbiosis

Elsevier eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 425 - 489

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Lichen Depsides and Tridepsides: Progress in Pharmacological Approaches

Journal of Fungi, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(1), С. 116 - 116

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2023

Depsides and tridepsides are secondary metabolites found in lichens. In the last 10 years, there has been a growing interest pharmacological activity of these compounds. This review aims to discuss research findings related biological effects mechanisms action lichen depsides tridepsides. The most studied compound is atranorin, followed by gyrophoric acid, diffractaic lecanoric acid. Antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial activities among investigated activities, mainly vitro studies, with occasional silico vivo studies. Clinical trials have not conducted using Therefore, future should focus on conducting more work clinical trials, as well evaluating other activities. Moreover, despite significant increase pharmacology tridepsides, many compounds which yet be (e.g., hiascic lassalic ovoic crustinic hypothamnolic acid).

Язык: Английский

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The disadvantages of current proposals to redefine lichens

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 241(3), С. 969 - 971

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2023

Lichen-forming fungi and their algal symbionts together produce composite thalli that often have the appearance properties of unitary organisms. Although exact contours concept may vary according to viewpoint, lichens been commonly distinguished from other fungal–algal symbioses by a useful widely cited definition (Hawksworth, 1988; Hawksworth & Honegger, 1994), wherein mycobiont comprises external component (exhabitant) houses interior but extracellular symbiont(s). More recently, increased attention has focused on additional microorganisms, particularly bacteria, form part lichen thallus microbiome (Grube et al., 2015; Spribille 2016; Cernava 2017; Smith 2020; Tzovaras Cometto 2022). This revealed new dimension biology, similar recognizable in plants animals as diverse microbial inhabitants internal surfaces are explored (Porras-Alfaro Bayman, 2011; Ezenwa 2012; Gilbert 2018). Such research highlights degree which biological communities coexist at very different scales. A plant, an animal, all components broader community interacting macro-organisms, while finer level organization, each individually harbor its own or communities. changed how we think about animals, it not resulted any effort redefine them. By contrast, number biologists recently proposed expanding include microorganisms colonize thallus. These proposals, indeed question whether is warranted desirable, ought be considered critically. Grube (2020) ecosystem formed interaction exhabitant fungus, photosynthetic partners, indeterminate microorganisms. interpretation elevates defining status equivalent photobiont(s), even though roles significance still poorly understood critical importance symbiosis far proven. It merges into one same concept, treatment suffered plant animal. Of course, Lücking al. (2021) point out, lichen's relationship might viewed differently, since, unlike already defined partnership But consider mycorrhiza, frequently compared. The rhizosphere/hyphosphere likewise harbors can make significant contributions (e.g. Wang 2023) yet do figure mycorrhiza. omission these associates does imply they unimportant. merely indicates core between fungus photoautotroph remains meaningful itself, prefer lose. Structurally physiologically, quite intimately associated; photobionts induced release massive amounts carbohydrate (Richardson 1968; Smith, 1980), channeled apoplastically pathways sealed with fungus-derived hydrophobic materials (Honegger, 1991; Trembley 2002). At present, there no reason believe inhabitant comparable integration, if some provide important services. structure photobiont create physical habitat within associated dwell. If demonstrated essential transformative development thallus, then inclusion justified. argument was for cyphobasidialean yeasts associate certain macrolichens (Spribille 2016), follow-up studies found low co-occurrence (Lendemer 2019; 2020) lower specificity proper than shown (Mark 2020). appropriately cautious claims members co-equal partners symbiosis. therefore comes surprise feel needs amended. In redefining ecosystem, implicitly expand further. proposal ecosystems appears originated Farrar (1976), although author did evidence organisms were besides principal fungal symbionts. recent years, application term individual become more common diversity increasingly appreciated 2009; Cardinale Pankratov Škvorová this usage seem take account refers organization above community. coined (by founder New Phytologist) explicitly key chemical environment biotic sustain (Tansley, 1935). Contemporary ecology textbooks maintain Ricklefs, 2008). To define – micro-ecosystem would require mineral, soil substratum upon grows, least. While such elements clearly relevant utility making them features questionable. For most biologists, removed lichen. Other modifications (2021), who summary previously published definitions extensive discussion criteria. Their makes reference ecosystems, add limited those bacteria regarded ‘obligately associated’. obligate whom: organism symbiosis? Most, all, themselves obligately lichen-forming fungi, improves odds survival many microhabitats. Without them, however, you On hand, mycobiont–photobiont unresolved present. also primary fungus-like organism, apparently deference theoretical possibility oomycete–algal exist existed could conceivably fit criteria lichenhood. extensions plausible entirely hypothetical cases integrate With risk circular reasoning. intend critically examine involve indispensable participants, mycobionts true counterproductive work recognized hypotheticals features. further ‘reconceptualize symbioses’ (Allen Lendemer, 2022), authors suggest changes Because myriad variations every theme natural world rarely neatly human conceptual schemes, imperfect, arbitrary, and/or amended exceptions. what matters. so proven distinguish macrostructure creates redefined broadly encompass microbiome, mention factors support community, refer specifically symbiotic photobiont. Before dissolve fundamental nebulous boundaries, should first convincing indications obsolete. new, always accommodated holobiome); need replace current one. fact lichens, like mycorrhizas, whose symbiosis, itself mean All minuscule fraction healthy biomass (excepting embedded substratum) consists produce. Just sorts comprise remainder, play, currently subjects much interesting research. present element components. Subtract photobiont, identity lost. They elements, least now. thanks Drs Sergio Pérez Ortega Raquel Pino Bodas helpful topic. manuscript benefited review two anonymous referees. None declared.

Язык: Английский

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The plurality of photobionts within single lichen thalli

Symbiosis, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Diversity of tremellalean Pertusaria-associated fungi in Norway and the role of secondary metabolites in host specificity

Fungal Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 129(3), С. 101563 - 101563

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Sticta flakusiorum and S. kukwae—two additional new species from the Neotropics (Peltigerales, Peltigeraceae)

MycoKeys, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 114, С. 259 - 276

Опубликована: Март 4, 2025

Two additional species of Sticta are described as new to science based on material from Bolivia and Peru supported by phylogenetic analysis the fungal ITS barcoding marker. The two represent lineages within clade I global phylogeny. Stictaflakusiorum Ossowska, B. Moncada & Lücking is a in S.humboldtii morphodeme characterized lobes partly entirely covered with white hairs, also covering margins submarginal laminal apothecia, scabrid basal membrane cyphellae, which yellow, or brown, when yellow K+ purple. taxon was discovered at single locality Bolivia, but it closely related potentially Peru, here left undescribed. other species, S.kukwae Magain Sérus., belongs S.weigelii morphodeme. It has sinuous dark, palmate corymbose phyllidia. collected several locations Bolivia.

Язык: Английский

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