Review of the Isolation, Characterization, Biological Function, and Multifarious Therapeutic Approaches of Exosomes

Cells, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 8(4), С. 307 - 307

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2019

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that contain a specific composition of proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA. They derived from endocytic membranes can transfer signals to recipient cells, thus mediating novel mechanism cell-to-cell communication. also thought be involved in cellular waste disposal. play significant roles various biological functions, including the biomolecules such as enzymes, lipids regulation numerous physiological pathological processes diseases. Because these properties, they considered promising biomarkers for diagnosis prognosis diseases may contribute development minimally invasive diagnostics next generation therapies. The biocompatible nature exosomes could enhance stability efficacy imaging probes therapeutics. Due their potential use clinical applications, have attracted much research attention on health disease. To explore biomedical arena, it is essential basic molecular mechanisms behind transport function well-understood. Herein, we discuss history, biogenesis, release, isolation, characterization, functions exosomes, well factors influencing biogenesis technical challenges. We conclude this review with discussion future perspectives exosomes.

Язык: Английский

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The Tumor Microenvironment: A Milieu Hindering and Obstructing Antitumor Immune Responses

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Май 15, 2020

The success of cancer immunotherapy relies on the knowledge tumor microenvironment and immune evasion mechanisms in which tumor, stroma infiltrating cells function a complex network. potential barriers that profoundly challenge overall clinical outcome promising therapies need to be fully identified counteracted. Although has increasingly been applied, we are far from understanding how utilize different strategies best way combine therapeutic options optimize benefit. This review intends give contemporary detailed overview roles cells, exosomes molecules acting they relate activation escape. Further, current novel immunotherapeutic will discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Exosome-Based Cell-Cell Communication in the Tumor Microenvironment

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 6

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2018

Tumors are not isolated entities, but complex systemic networks involving cell-cell communication between transformed and non-transformed cells. The milieu created by tumor-associated cells may either support or halt tumor progression. In addition to contact, communicate through secreted factors via a highly system characteristics such as ligand concentration, receptor expression integration of diverse signaling pathways. Of these, extracellular vesicles, exosomes, emerging novel mediators in physiological pathological scenarios. Exosomes, membrane vesicles endocytic origin released all (both healthy diseased), ranging size from 30 150nm, transport the main biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, DNAs, messenger RNAs microRNA, perform intercellular transfer components, locally systemically. By acting only cells, also fibroblasts, endothelium, leukocytes progenitor tumor- non-tumor cells-derived exosomes have emerged new players growth invasion, angiogenesis, tissue inflammation immunologic remodeling. addition, due their property carrying molecules cell peripheral circulation, been increasingly studied sources biomarkers liquid biopsies. Here we review current literature on participation highlighting role this process setup microenvironments that modulate initiation metastasis.

Язык: Английский

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Role of exosomal proteins in cancer diagnosis

Molecular Cancer, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2017

Exosomes are emerging as a new type of cancer biomarkers. Exosome is bilayered nano-sized vesicle secreted by various living cells in all body fluids. Based on the expanding albeit incomplete knowledge their biogenesis, secretion and cell-specific molecular genetic contents, exosomes viewed promising, clinically-relevant surrogates progression response to therapy. Preliminary proteomic, functional profiling cell-derived or plasma-derived confirms unique characteristics. Alterations protein nucleic acid profiles plasma correlate with pathological processes many diseases including cancer. However, previous studies exosome application diagnosis treatment mainly focussed miRNAs. With development rapid large-scale production, purification, extraction screening exosomal can be explored for early stage diagnosis, monitoring prognosis evaluation. Here, we summarized recent developments proteins diagnosis.

Язык: Английский

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Emerging role of exosomes in cancer progression and tumor microenvironment remodeling

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2022

Abstract Cancer is one of the leading causes death worldwide, and factors responsible for its progression need to be elucidated. Exosomes are structures with an average size 100 nm that can transport proteins, lipids, nucleic acids. This review focuses on role exosomes in cancer therapy. We discuss how able modulate components tumor microenvironment influence proliferation migration rates cells. also highlight that, depending their cargo, suppress or promote cell enhance reduce response radio- chemo-therapies. In addition, we describe trigger chronic inflammation lead immune evasion by focusing ability transfer non-coding RNAs between cells other molecular signaling pathways such as PTEN PI3K/Akt cancer. Subsequently, use carriers anti-tumor agents genetic tools control progression. then tumor-derived carcinogenesis. Finally, devote a section study diagnostic prognostic clinical courses important treatment patients. provides comprehensive understanding therapy, therapeutic value remodeling microenvironment. Graphical

Язык: Английский

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Exosomal miR-30d-5p of neutrophils induces M1 macrophage polarization and primes macrophage pyroptosis in sepsis-related acute lung injury

Critical Care, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2021

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play an important role in sepsis-related acute lung injury (ALI). Accumulating evidence suggests PMN-derived exosomes as a new subcellular entity acting fundamental link between PMN-driven inflammation and tissue damage. However, the of ALI underlying mechanisms remains unclear. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), key regulator innate immunity ALI, was used to stimulate PMNs from healthy C57BL/6J mice vitro. Exosomes isolated supernatant were injected wild-type intraperitoneally (i.p.) then examined for inflammation, macrophage (Mϕ) polarization pyroptosis. In vitro co-culture system applied where mouse Raw264.7 macrophages or bone marrow-derived (BMDMs) co-cultured with further confirm results vivo animal study explore potential involved. released by TNF-α-stimulated (TNF-Exo) promoted M1 activation after i.p. injection co-culture. addition, TNF-Exo primed pyroptosis upregulating NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome expression through nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that miR-30d-5p mediated function targeting suppressor cytokine (SOCS-1) sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) macrophages. Furthermore, intravenous administration inhibitors significantly decreased cecal ligation puncture (CLP)-induced death lung, well histological lesions. The present exosomal contributed inducing priming activating NF-κB signaling. These findings suggest novel mechanism PMN-Mϕ interaction which may provide therapeutic strategies sepsis patients.

Язык: Английский

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CircRNA: a rising star in gastric cancer

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 77(9), С. 1661 - 1680

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Exosome engineering: Current progress in cargo loading and targeted delivery

NanoImpact, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 20, С. 100261 - 100261

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2020

Exosomes, a class of small bilayer vesicles derived from virtually all eukaryotic cells, have been exploited as promising natural delivery platform due to their low toxicity, excellent structural stability, nanoscale size, cargo loading ability, and editable surface structure. To load therapeutic or diagnostic cargos (drugs, nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, nanomaterials) into exosomes, multiple techniques developed, such incubating with exosomes exosome-secreting transfection, physical treatments (sonication, electroporation, extrusion, freeze-thaw, surfactant treatment, dialysis), in situ synthesis. Moreover, homing-molecules high receptor binding affinity, acidic milieu responsiveness, magnetic properties assembled on exosomal by transfection chemical modification, conferring the targeting capacity exosomes. In this review, we summarize biogenesis, contents functions provide comprehensive discussion for strategies membrane modification targeted delivery.

Язык: Английский

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Exosomes-mediated transfer of long noncoding RNA ZFAS1 promotes gastric cancer progression

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 143(6), С. 991 - 1004

Опубликована: Март 11, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Tumor-derived exosomes induce N2 polarization of neutrophils to promote gastric cancer cell migration

Molecular Cancer, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2018

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that mediate cellular communication in health and diseases. Neutrophils could be polarized to a pro-tumor phenotype by tumor. The function of tumor-derived exosomes neutrophil regulation remains unclear. We investigated the effects gastric cancer cell-derived (GC-Ex) on activation neutrophils elucidated underlying mechanisms. GC-Ex prolonged survival induced expression inflammatory factors neutrophils. GC-Ex-activated neutrophils, turn, promoted cell migration. transported high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) activated NF-κB pathway through interaction with TLR4, resulting an increased autophagic response Blocking HMGB1/TLR4 interaction, pathway, autophagy reversed GC-Ex-induced activation. Silencing HMGB1 cells confirmed as key factor for GC-Ex-mediated Furthermore, was upregulated tissues. Increased associated poor prognosis patients cancer. Finally, tissue-derived acted similarly derived from lines demonstrate induce via HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling, which provides new insights into mechanisms sheds lights multifaceted role reshaping tumor microenvironment.

Язык: Английский

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