Intraspecific trait variability is a key feature underlying high Arctic plant community resistance to climate warming

Ecological Monographs, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 93(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2022

Abstract In the high Arctic, plant community species composition generally responds slowly to climate warming, whereas less is known about functional trait responses and consequences for ecosystem functioning. The slow turnover large distribution ranges of many Arctic suggest a significant role intraspecific variability in change. Here we compare taxonomic compositional long‐term (17‐year) warming experiment Svalbard, Norway, replicated across three major habitats shaped by topography contrasting snow regimes. We observed changes all communities over time. Still, experimental were minor most pronounced drier with relatively early snowmelt timing long growing seasons ( Cassiope Dryas heaths). clearly separated space, defined 12 size‐ leaf economics‐related traits, primarily due interspecific variation. Functional traits also responded prominently heath mostly Leaf area mass increased δ 15 N decreased response treatment. Intraspecific ranged between 30% 71% total variation, reflecting resilience those communities, dominated long‐lived plants, either phenotypic plasticity or genotypic which likely underlies resistance vegetation warming. further explored functioning measuring peak season CO 2 fluxes. Together, environmental, taxonomic, variables explained proportion variation net exchange (NEE), when was accounted for. contrast, even though respiration gross production both habitats, they mainly driven direct kinetic impacts temperature on physiology biochemical processes. Our study shows that has modest but effect suggests key feature underlying

Язык: Английский

---

Climate change and mercury in the Arctic: Biotic interactions

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 834, С. 155221 - 155221

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX): 30 years of research on tundra ecosystems

Arctic Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(3), С. 550 - 571

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2022

The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) was founded in 1990 as a network of scientists studying responses tundra ecosystems to ambient and experimental climate change at Arctic alpine sites across the globe. Common measurement design protocols have facilitated synthesis results gain biome-wide insights impacts on tundra. This special issue presents from more than 30 years ITEX research. importance snow regimes, bryophytes, herbivory are highlighted, with new studies proposed. increasing frequency magnitude extreme events is shown strong effects plant reproduction. most consistent trait response an increase vegetation height, especially for shrubs. will affect surface energy balance, carbon nutrient dynamics trophic level interactions. garden show adaptation species but they regionally specific. Recommendations made including establishing near northern communities reciprocal engagement local knowledge holders multi-factor experiments. success based collegial cooperation among researchers remains focused documenting understanding environmental ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

---

Respiratory loss during late-growing season determines the net carbon dioxide sink in northern permafrost regions

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2022

Warming of northern high latitude regions (NHL, > 50 °N) has increased both photosynthesis and respiration which results in considerable uncertainty regarding the net carbon dioxide (CO2) balance NHL ecosystems. Using estimates constrained from atmospheric observations 1980 to 2017, we find that increasing trends CO2 uptake early-growing season are similar magnitude across tree cover gradient NHL. However, trend respiratory loss during late-growing increases significantly with cover, offsetting a larger fraction photosynthetic uptake, thus resulting slower rate annual areas higher especially central southern boreal forest regions. The this seasonal compensation effect explains difference along vegetation- permafrost gradient. Such dynamics not captured by dynamic global vegetation models, simulate weaker control on exchange season, calls into question projections as ecosystems respond warming climate conditions.

Язык: Английский

---

Expansion of voles and retraction of lemmings over 60 years along a latitudinal gradient on Yamal Peninsula

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2024

Abstract Range shifts and changes in dominance of species communities are among the major predicted impacts climate change on ecosystems, supported by numerous modeling studies. While is changing particularly rapidly Arctic, little observational data available to document composition communities, particular from large Russian tundra areas. Small rodents a key component ecosystems implementing important ecological functions both as herbivores main prey for whole guild predators. Here we over 60 years occurrence nine small along latitudinal gradient spanning forest‐tundra ecotone high Arctic Yamal Peninsula. All were obtained using single method: snap‐trapping. In general, lemmings, specialized arctic endemics, decreased southern parts peninsula, whereas voles, representing boreal or wide‐spread species, increased expanded northwards. The Siberian lemmings ( Lemmus sibiricus ) declined possibly disappeared southernmost zones, collared Dicrostonyx torquatus significantly only forest tundra. strongest increase was observed zones narrow‐headed voles Lasiopodomys gregalis ), inhabiting meadows riparian habitats, Middendorff's Alexandromys middendorffii primarily low waterlogged Both also their distribution range northwards during last two decades. might be due effect several drivers environmental occurring concert: warming winter summer, human activity notably related intensive reindeer herding industrial development.

Язык: Английский

---