The gut microbiome as a modulator of healthy ageing

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 19(9), С. 565 - 584

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Antibiotics, gut microbiota, and Alzheimer’s disease

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Май 22, 2019

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative whose various pathophysiological aspects are still being investigated. Recently, it has been hypothesized that AD may be associated with dysbiosis of microbes in the intestine. In fact, intestinal flora able to influence activity brain and cause its dysfunctions.Given growing interest this topic, purpose review analyze role antibiotics relation gut microbiota AD. first part review, we briefly theories supporting hypothesis can pathophysiology. second part, possible these events. Antibiotics normally used remove or prevent bacterial colonization human body, without targeting specific types bacteria. As result, broad-spectrum greatly affect composition microbiota, reduce biodiversity, delay for long period after administration. Thus, action could wide even opposite, depending on type antibiotic microbiome pathogenesis.Alteration induce changes activity, which raise possibility therapeutic manipulation other neurological disorders. This field research currently undergoing great development, but applications far away. Whether achieved using not known. The future depends progresses We must understand how when bacteria act promote Once well established, one think modifications use pre-, pro-, produce effects.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: New Therapeutic Opportunities

The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 60(1), С. 477 - 502

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2019

The traditional fields of pharmacology and toxicology are beginning to consider the substantial impact our gut microbiota has on host physiology. microbiota-gut-brain axis is emerging as a particular area interest potential new therapeutic target for effective treatment central nervous system disorders, in addition being cause drug side effects. Microbiota-gut-brain signaling can occur via several pathways, including immune system, recruitment neurochemical signaling, direct enteric routes vagus nerve, production bacterial metabolites. Altered microbial profiles have been described psychiatric neurological disorders. Psychobiotics, live biotherapeutics or substances whose beneficial effects brain bacterially mediated, currently investigated and/or adjunctive therapies neurodevelopmental disorders possibly neurodegenerative disease, they may emerge options clinical management

Язык: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Human Neurological Disorders

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 35(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2022

The human body is full of an extensive number commensal microbes, consisting bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively termed the microbiome. initial acquisition microbiota occurs from both external maternal environments, vast majority them colonize gastrointestinal tract (GIT). These microbial communities play a central role in maturation development immune system, nervous GIT system are also responsible for essential metabolic pathways. Various factors, including host genetic predisposition, environmental lifestyle, diet, antibiotic or nonantibiotic drug use, etc., affect composition gut microbiota. Recent publications have highlighted that imbalance microflora, known as dysbiosis, associated with onset progression neurological disorders. Moreover, characterization microbiome-host cross talk pathways provides insight into novel therapeutic strategies. Novel preclinical clinical research on interventions related to microbiome treating conditions, autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's epilepsy, stroke, hold significant promise. This review aims present comprehensive overview potential involvement pathogenesis particular emphasis microbe-based therapies and/or diagnostic biomarkers. discusses health benefits administration probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics fecal transplantation

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the Human Microbiome: The Potential Future Role of Next-Generation Sequencing in Disease Diagnosis and Treatment

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 9

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2019

The interaction between the human microbiome and immune system has an effect on several metabolic functions impacts our well-being. Additionally, humans microbes can also play a key role in determining wellness or disease status of body. Dysbiosis is related to plethora diseases, including skin, inflammatory, metabolic, neurological disorders. A better understanding host-microbe essential for diagnosis appropriate treatment these ailments. significance host health led emergence new therapeutic approaches focused prescribed manipulation microbiome, either by removing harmful taxa reinstating missing beneficial functional roles they perform. Culturing large numbers microbial laboratory problematic at best, if not impossible. Consequently, this makes it very difficult comprehensively catalogue individual members comprising specific as well how communities function influence host-pathogen interactions. Recent advances sequencing technologies computational tools have allowed increasing number metagenomic studies be performed. These provided insights into other environments. In present review, agent its discussed. Advances high-throughput surveying interactions are correlation composition infectious diseases described previously reported covered well. Lastly, recent state-of-the-art bioinformatics software, workflows, applications analysing data summarized.

Язык: Английский

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The effects of plant-based diets on the body and the brain: a systematic review

Translational Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2019

Western societies notice an increasing interest in plant-based eating patterns such as vegetarian and vegan, yet potential effects on the body brain are a matter of debate. Therefore, we systematically reviewed existing human interventional studies putative diet metabolism cognition, what is known about underlying mechanisms. Using search terms "plant-based OR vegan AND intervention" PubMed filtered for clinical trials humans retrieved 205 out which 27, plus additional extending selection to another five studies, were eligible inclusion based three independent ratings. We found robust evidence short- moderate-term beneficial diets versus conventional (duration ≤ 24 months) weight status, energy systemic inflammation healthy participants, obese type-2 diabetes patients. Initial experimental proposed novel microbiome-related pathways, by modulate gut microbiome towards favorable diversity bacteria species, functional "bottom up" signaling diet-induced microbial changes remains highly speculative. In addition, little known, cognitive linked diets. Thus, causal impact functions, mental neurological health respective mechanisms has be demonstrated. sum, raises opportunity developing preventive therapeutic strategies against obesity, disorders related comorbidities. Still, functions well remain largely unexplored new need address these questions.

Язык: Английский

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The Neuroendocrinology of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: A Behavioural Perspective

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 51, С. 80 - 101

Опубликована: Май 16, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in nervous system disorders

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 139, С. 111661 - 111661

Опубликована: Май 8, 2021

During the past decade, accumulating evidence from research highlights suggested effects of bacterial communities human gut microbiota and their metabolites on health disease. In this regard, microbiota-derived receptors, beyond immune system, maintain metabolism homeostasis, which is essential to host's by balancing utilization intake nutrients. It has been shown that dysbiosis can cause pathology altered metabolites' formation, resulting in dysregulation system metabolism. The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, acetate, succinate, are produced due fermentation process bacteria gut. noted remodeling associated with pathophysiology several neurological disorders, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's amyotrophic lateral stress, anxiety, depression, autism, vascular dementia, schizophrenia, stroke, neuromyelitis optica spectrum among others. This review will discuss current most significant studies dealing some SCFAs microbial selected disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Brain–gut–microbiota axis in depression: A historical overview and future directions

Brain Research Bulletin, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 182, С. 44 - 56

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2022

Depression is the most common mental disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Despite abundant research, precise mechanisms underlying pathophysiology depression remain elusive. Accumulating evidence from preclinical clinical studies suggests that alterations in gut microbiota, microbe-derived short-chain fatty acids, D-amino acids metabolites play key role via brain–gut–microbiota axis, including neural immune systems. Notably, axis might crucial susceptibility versus resilience rodents exposed to stress. Vagotomy reported block depression-like phenotypes after fecal microbiota transplantation "depression-related" microbiome, suggesting vagus nerve influences through axis. In this article, we review recent findings regarding discuss its potential as therapeutic target for depression.

Язык: Английский

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The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(19), С. 11245 - 11245

Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2022

Modulating the gut microbiome and its influence on human health is subject of intense research. The microbiota could be associated not only with gastroenterological diseases but also psychiatric disorders. importance factors such as stress, mode delivery, role probiotics, circadian clock system, diet, occupational environmental exposure in relationship between brain function through bidirectional communication, described "the microbiome-gut-brain axis", especially underlined. In this review, we discuss link intestinal host response involving different pathways nervous system (e.g., neurotransmitters, endocrine immunological mechanisms, or bacterial metabolites). We review alterations their results development disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar (BD), autism spectrum (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD).

Язык: Английский

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