PubMed,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
33(2), С. 162 - 175
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024
Bariatric
surgery
becomes
the
final
option
for
managing
severe
obesity.
This
study
aims
to
identify
complications,
changes
in
anthropometry,
adherence
dietary
recommendations,
and
psychological
well-being
of
post-bariatric
patients.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(1), С. 675 - 675
Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024
Excess
body
weight
constitutes
one
of
the
major
health
challenges
for
societies
and
healthcare
systems
worldwide.
Besides
type
diet,
calorie
intake
lack
physical
exercise,
recent
data
have
highlighted
a
possible
association
between
endocrine-disrupting
chemicals
(EDCs),
such
as
bisphenol
A,
phthalates
their
analogs,
obesity.
EDCs
represent
heterogeneous
group
that
may
influence
hormonal
regulation
mass
adipose
tissue
morphology.
Based
on
available
from
mechanistic,
animal
epidemiological
studies
including
meta-analyses,
evidence
points
towards
contribution
to
development
obesity,
associated
disorders
obesity-related
dysfunction
by
(1)
impacting
adipogenesis;
(2)
modulating
epigenetic
pathways
during
development,
enhancing
susceptibility
obesity;
(3)
influencing
neuroendocrine
signals
responsible
appetite
satiety;
(4)
promoting
proinflammatory
milieu
in
inducing
state
chronic
subclinical
inflammation;
(5)
dysregulating
gut
microbiome
immune
homeostasis;
(6)
thermogenic
tissue.
Critical
periods
exposure
obesogenic
are
prenatal,
neonatal,
pubertal
reproductive
periods.
Interestingly,
even
at
low
doses
promote
transgenerational
inheritance
adult
obesity
subsequent
generations.
The
aim
this
review
is
summarize
role
EDCs,
specifically
BPA
phthalate
plasticizers,
taking
into
account
vitro,
epidemiologic
studies;
discuss
mechanisms
linking
analyze
effects
critical
exposure;
present
interesting
perspectives,
preventive
measures
research
area.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(17), С. 9715 - 9715
Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2024
The
gut
microbiota
is
one
of
the
most
critical
factors
in
human
health.
It
involves
numerous
physiological
processes
impacting
host
health,
mainly
via
immune
system
modulation.
A
balanced
microbiome
contributes
to
gut’s
barrier
function,
preventing
invasion
pathogens
and
maintaining
integrity
lining.
Dysbiosis,
or
an
imbalance
microbiome’s
composition
disrupts
essential
various
diseases.
This
narrative
review
summarizes
key
findings
related
modern
multifactorial
inflammatory
conditions
such
as
ulcerative
colitis
Crohn’s
disease.
addresses
challenges
posed
by
antibiotic-driven
dysbiosis,
particularly
context
C.
difficile
infections,
development
novel
therapies
like
fecal
transplantation
biotherapeutic
drugs
combat
these
infections.
An
emphasis
given
restoration
healthy
through
dietary
interventions,
probiotics,
prebiotics,
approaches
for
managing
gut-related
Gut,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
73(8), С. 1376 - 1387
Опубликована: Май 22, 2024
Background
Metabolic
disorders
and
inflammatory
bowel
diseases
(IBD)
have
captured
the
globe
during
Westernisation
of
lifestyle
related
dietary
habits
over
last
decades.
Both
disease
entities
are
characterised
by
complex
heterogeneous
clinical
spectra
linked
to
distinct
symptoms
organ
systems
which,
on
a
first
glimpse,
do
not
many
commonalities
in
practice.
However,
experimental
studies
indicate
common
backbone
mechanisms
metabolic
gut
inflammation,
emerging
evidence
suggests
an
intricate
interplay
between
IBD.
Objective
We
depict
parallels
IBD
diseases,
easily
overlooked
routine.
Design
provide
overview
recent
literature
discuss
implications
morbidity
patients
with
for
researchers,
clinicians
healthcare
providers.
Conclusion
The
Western
diet
microbial
perturbation
serve
as
fuel
inflammation
beyond
gut.
syndrome
increasingly
affect
IBD,
expected
negative
impact
both
risk
complications.
This
concept
implies
that
tackling
obesity
pandemic
exerts
beneficial
effects
health.
The Lancet,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
405(10481), С. 785 - 812
Опубликована: Март 1, 2025
Despite
the
well
documented
consequences
of
obesity
during
childhood
and
adolescence
future
risks
excess
body
mass
on
non-communicable
diseases
in
adulthood,
coordinated
global
action
early
life
is
still
insufficient.
Inconsistent
measurement
reporting
are
a
barrier
to
specific
targets,
resource
allocation,
interventions.
In
this
Article
we
report
current
estimates
overweight
across
adolescence,
progress
over
time,
forecasts
inform
actions.
Using
established
methodology
from
Global
Burden
Diseases,
Injuries,
Risk
Factors
Study
2021,
modelled
1990
then
forecasted
2050.
Primary
data
for
our
models
included
1321
unique
measured
self-reported
anthropometric
sources
180
countries
territories
survey
microdata,
reports,
published
literature.
These
were
used
estimate
age-standardised
global,
regional,
national
prevalence
(separately)
children
young
adolescents
(aged
5-14
years,
typically
school
cared
by
child
health
services)
older
15-24
increasingly
out
adult
sex
204
2021.
Prevalence
2021
generated
using
spatiotemporal
Gaussian
process
regression
models,
which
leveraged
temporal
spatial
correlation
epidemiological
trends
ensure
comparability
results
time
geography.
2022
2050
generalised
ensemble
modelling
approach
assuming
continuation
trends.
For
every
age-sex-location
population
(1990-2050),
estimated
(vs
overweight)
predominance
log
ratio
percentage
percentage.
Between
combined
doubled,
that
alone
tripled.
By
93·1
million
(95%
uncertainty
interval
89·6-96·6)
individuals
aged
years
80·6
(78·2-83·3)
had
obesity.
At
super-region
level
was
highest
north
Africa
Middle
East
(eg,
United
Arab
Emirates
Kuwait),
greatest
increase
seen
southeast
Asia,
east
Oceania
Taiwan
[province
China],
Maldives,
China).
females
both
age
groups,
many
Australasia
Australia)
high-income
North
America
Canada)
already
transitioned
predominance,
as
males
number
Qatar)
Cook
Islands
American
Samoa).
From
2050,
increases
(not
obesity)
stabilise,
yet
absolute
proportion
with
be
greater
than
between
substantial
forecast
2030,
continue
2031
remain
expected
largest
Timor-Leste
Korea),
but
also
south
Asia
Nepal
Bangladesh).
Compared
those
most
super-regions
(except
Latin
Caribbean
super-region)
have
Globally,
15·6%
(12·7-17·2)
(186
[141-221]),
compared
14·2%
(11·4-15·7)
(175
[136-203]).
We
there
will
more
years)
living
(16·5%
[13·3-18·3])
(12·9%
[12·2-13·6]);
while
5-24
years),
prevalent
regional
level,
following
populations
before
2041-50:
(males
Tropical
America;
central
southern
sub-Saharan
Africa,
Australasia;
Australasia,
America,
Africa;
America.
Both
increased
substantially
world
region
suggesting
approaches
curbing
failed
generation
adolescents.
Beyond
stabilise
due
further
who
Increases
all
regions.
Because
change
occur
immediate
actions
needed
address
public
crisis.
Bill
&
Melinda
Gates
Foundation
Australian
National
Health
Medical
Research
Council.
Antioxidants,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(1), С. 72 - 72
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025
Type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
is
a
chronic
metabolic
disorder
that
significantly
increases
the
risk
of
cardiovascular
disease,
which
leading
cause
morbidity
and
mortality
among
diabetic
patients.
A
central
pathophysiological
mechanism
linking
T2DM
to
complications
oxidative
stress,
defined
as
an
imbalance
between
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
production
body’s
antioxidant
defenses.
Hyperglycemia
in
promotes
stress
through
various
pathways,
including
formation
advanced
glycation
end
products,
activation
protein
kinase
C,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
polyol
pathway.
These
processes
enhance
ROS
generation,
endothelial
vascular
inflammation,
exacerbation
damage.
Additionally,
disrupts
nitric
oxide
signaling,
impairing
vasodilation
promoting
vasoconstriction,
contributes
complications.
This
review
explores
molecular
mechanisms
by
pathogenesis
disease
T2DM.
It
also
examines
potential
lifestyle
modifications,
such
dietary
changes
physical
activity,
reducing
mitigating
risks
this
high-risk
population.
Understanding
these
critical
for
developing
targeted
therapeutic
strategies
improve
outcomes
Pharmacological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
77(1), С. 100002 - 100002
Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2024
The
history
of
anti-obesity
pharmacotherapies
is
marked
by
disappointments,
often
entangled
with
societal
pressure
promoting
weight
loss
and
the
conviction
that
excess
body
signifies
a
lack
willpower.
However,
categories
emerging
generate
hope
to
reduce
obesity
rates.
This
systematic
review
phase
2
3
trials
in
adults
overweight/obesity
investigates
effect
novel
pharmacotherapies,
compared
placebo/control
or
Food
Drug
Administration-approved
medication,
through
searching
Medline,
Embase,
ClinicalTrials.gov
(2012-2024).
We
identified
53
trials,
36
drugs
combinations
thereof
four
withdrawn
terminated
trials.
Oral
semaglutide
50
mg
only
medication
has
completed
trial.
There
are
14
ongoing
on
glucagon-like
peptide-1
(GLP-1)
receptor
agonists
(RAs)
(ecnoglutide,
orforglipron,
TG103),
GLP-1
RA/amylin
agonist
(CagriSema),
GLP-1/glucagon
RAs
(mazdutide,
survodutide),
GLP-1/glucose-dependent
insulinotropic
polypeptide
glucagon
RA
(retatrutide),
dapagliflozin,
combination
sibutramine/topiramate.
Completed
incretin-based
therapies
showed
mean
percent
7.4-24.2%.
Almost
half
undergoing
were
incretin
analogs.
drug
pipeline
expanding
rapidly,
most
promising
results
reported
Data
mortality
obesity-related
complications,
such
as
cardio-renal-metabolic
events,
needed.
Moreover,
long-term
follow-up
data
safety
efficacy
maintenance
along
studies
focused
under-represented
populations,
cost-effectiveness
assessments,
availability,
needed
bridge
care
gap
for
patients
obesity.
Significance
Statement
Obesity
epidemic
21st
century.
Except
newer
injectable
medications,
suboptimal
have
been
available
clinician's
armamentarium.
alternatives
agents
populate
therapeutic
pipeline.
identifies
state
mechanism
action
having
clinical
information
provided
herein
furthers
understanding
management,
implying
direct
implications
stimulating
research
initiatives.
Current Obesity Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(2), С. 224 - 241
Опубликована: Март 4, 2024
Abstract
Purpose
of
Review
Around
80–90%
patients
with
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
are
overweight
or
obese,
presenting
a
greater
risk
for
serious
health
complications
and
mortality.
Thus,
weight
loss
represents
main
goal
T2DM
management.
Although
behavioral
lifestyle
interventions
(BLIs)
could
help
promoting
in
obesity,
their
effectiveness
is
still
controversial.
This
systematic
review
offers
an
updated
comprehensive
picture
BLIs
according
to
Michie’s
classification
obesity
identifies
possible
factors
(related
both
interventions)
associated
loss.
The
PRISMA
guidelines
were
followed.
literature
search
till
March
2023
indicated
31
studies
involving
42
different
BLIs.
Recent
Findings
Our
findings
suggest
that
structured
BLIs,
characterized
by
frequent
feedback
support,
can
lead
clinically
meaningful
5%
loss,
regardless
specific
behavioral,
diet,
physical
activity
components.
Summary
Further
research
should
address
methodological
issues
heterogeneity
interventions,
also
considering
the
effect
pharmacological
therapies
on
reduction.
Lastly,
more
attention
be
paid
long-term
relationship
between
diabetes.
Obesity
is
a
complex
and
non-communicable
disease
with
pandemic
entity.
Currently,
multiple
causes
can
lead
to
obesity,
it
not
always
easy
create
direct
relationship
between
physical
inactivity,
poor
quality
of
nutrients
consumed,
calculation
excess
calories.
Among
the
associated
comorbidities,
obesity
creates
dysfunctional
environment
respiratory
rhythms
at
central
peripheral
levels,
functional,
morphological,
phenotypic
alteration
diaphragm
muscle.
This
pathological
adaptation
breathing
one
most
important
dysregulation
autonomic
system,
which
will
negatively
affect
progression
comorbidities
chronic
non-physiological
adaptations
in
obese
persons.
Introducing
activity
program
involving
training
could
be
very
valid
strategy
restore
systemic
response,
delaying
or
avoiding
onset
pathologies
fat.
brief
narrative
review
focuses
on
importance
subjects.