The Role of Endocrine Disruptors Bisphenols and Phthalates in Obesity: Current Evidence, Perspectives and Controversies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(1), P. 675 - 675

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Excess body weight constitutes one of the major health challenges for societies and healthcare systems worldwide. Besides type diet, calorie intake lack physical exercise, recent data have highlighted a possible association between endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as bisphenol A, phthalates their analogs, obesity. EDCs represent heterogeneous group that may influence hormonal regulation mass adipose tissue morphology. Based on available from mechanistic, animal epidemiological studies including meta-analyses, evidence points towards contribution to development obesity, associated disorders obesity-related dysfunction by (1) impacting adipogenesis; (2) modulating epigenetic pathways during development, enhancing susceptibility obesity; (3) influencing neuroendocrine signals responsible appetite satiety; (4) promoting proinflammatory milieu in inducing state chronic subclinical inflammation; (5) dysregulating gut microbiome immune homeostasis; (6) thermogenic tissue. Critical periods exposure obesogenic are prenatal, neonatal, pubertal reproductive periods. Interestingly, even at low doses promote transgenerational inheritance adult obesity subsequent generations. The aim this review is summarize role EDCs, specifically BPA phthalate plasticizers, taking into account vitro, epidemiologic studies; discuss mechanisms linking analyze effects critical exposure; present interesting perspectives, preventive measures research area.

Language: Английский

---

Heavy arch: from inflammatory bowel diseases to metabolic disorders

Gut, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 73(8), P. 1376 - 1387

Published: May 22, 2024

Background Metabolic disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have captured the globe during Westernisation of lifestyle related dietary habits over last decades. Both disease entities are characterised by complex heterogeneous clinical spectra linked to distinct symptoms organ systems which, on a first glimpse, do not many commonalities in practice. However, experimental studies indicate common backbone mechanisms metabolic gut inflammation, emerging evidence suggests an intricate interplay between IBD. Objective We depict parallels IBD diseases, easily overlooked routine. Design provide overview recent literature discuss implications morbidity patients with for researchers, clinicians healthcare providers. Conclusion The Western diet microbial perturbation serve as fuel inflammation beyond gut. syndrome increasingly affect IBD, expected negative impact both risk complications. This concept implies that tackling obesity pandemic exerts beneficial effects health.

Language: Английский

---

Insights into Gut Dysbiosis: Inflammatory Diseases, Obesity, and Restoration Approaches

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(17), P. 9715 - 9715

Published: Sept. 8, 2024

The gut microbiota is one of the most critical factors in human health. It involves numerous physiological processes impacting host health, mainly via immune system modulation. A balanced microbiome contributes to gut’s barrier function, preventing invasion pathogens and maintaining integrity lining. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance microbiome’s composition disrupts essential various diseases. This narrative review summarizes key findings related modern multifactorial inflammatory conditions such as ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease. addresses challenges posed by antibiotic-driven dysbiosis, particularly context C. difficile infections, development novel therapies like fecal transplantation biotherapeutic drugs combat these infections. An emphasis given restoration healthy through dietary interventions, probiotics, prebiotics, approaches for managing gut-related

Language: Английский

---

Adipokines: masterminds of metabolic inflammation

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 7, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes: From Pathophysiology to Lifestyle Modifications

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 72 - 72

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, which leading cause morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. A central pathophysiological mechanism linking T2DM to complications oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production body’s antioxidant defenses. Hyperglycemia in promotes stress through various pathways, including formation advanced glycation end products, activation protein kinase C, mitochondrial dysfunction, polyol pathway. These processes enhance ROS generation, endothelial vascular inflammation, exacerbation damage. Additionally, disrupts nitric oxide signaling, impairing vasodilation promoting vasoconstriction, contributes complications. This review explores molecular mechanisms by pathogenesis disease T2DM. It also examines potential lifestyle modifications, such dietary changes physical activity, reducing mitigating risks this high-risk population. Understanding these critical for developing targeted therapeutic strategies improve outcomes

Language: Английский

---

Global, regional, and national prevalence of child and adolescent overweight and obesity, 1990–2021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 405(10481), P. 785 - 812

Published: March 1, 2025

Despite the well documented consequences of obesity during childhood and adolescence future risks excess body mass on non-communicable diseases in adulthood, coordinated global action early life is still insufficient. Inconsistent measurement reporting are a barrier to specific targets, resource allocation, interventions. In this Article we report current estimates overweight across adolescence, progress over time, forecasts inform actions. Using established methodology from Global Burden Diseases, Injuries, Risk Factors Study 2021, modelled 1990 then forecasted 2050. Primary data for our models included 1321 unique measured self-reported anthropometric sources 180 countries territories survey microdata, reports, published literature. These were used estimate age-standardised global, regional, national prevalence (separately) children young adolescents (aged 5-14 years, typically school cared by child health services) older 15-24 increasingly out adult sex 204 2021. Prevalence 2021 generated using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models, which leveraged temporal spatial correlation epidemiological trends ensure comparability results time geography. 2022 2050 generalised ensemble modelling approach assuming continuation trends. For every age-sex-location population (1990-2050), estimated (vs overweight) predominance log ratio percentage percentage. Between combined doubled, that alone tripled. By 93·1 million (95% uncertainty interval 89·6-96·6) individuals aged years 80·6 (78·2-83·3) had obesity. At super-region level was highest north Africa Middle East (eg, United Arab Emirates Kuwait), greatest increase seen southeast Asia, east Oceania Taiwan [province China], Maldives, China). females both age groups, many Australasia Australia) high-income North America Canada) already transitioned predominance, as males number Qatar) Cook Islands American Samoa). From 2050, increases (not obesity) stabilise, yet absolute proportion with be greater than between substantial forecast 2030, continue 2031 remain expected largest Timor-Leste Korea), but also south Asia Nepal Bangladesh). Compared those most super-regions (except Latin Caribbean super-region) have Globally, 15·6% (12·7-17·2) (186 [141-221]), compared 14·2% (11·4-15·7) (175 [136-203]). We there will more years) living (16·5% [13·3-18·3]) (12·9% [12·2-13·6]); while 5-24 years), prevalent regional level, following populations before 2041-50: (males Tropical America; central southern sub-Saharan Africa, Australasia; Australasia, America, Africa; America. Both increased substantially world region suggesting approaches curbing failed generation adolescents. Beyond stabilise due further who Increases all regions. Because change occur immediate actions needed address public crisis. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Australian National Health Medical Research Council.

Language: Английский

---

Behavioral Lifestyle Interventions for Weight Loss in Overweight or Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Current Obesity Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 224 - 241

Published: March 4, 2024

Abstract Purpose of Review Around 80–90% patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are overweight or obese, presenting a greater risk for serious health complications and mortality. Thus, weight loss represents main goal T2DM management. Although behavioral lifestyle interventions (BLIs) could help promoting in obesity, their effectiveness is still controversial. This systematic review offers an updated comprehensive picture BLIs according to Michie’s classification obesity identifies possible factors (related both interventions) associated loss. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. literature search till March 2023 indicated 31 studies involving 42 different BLIs. Recent Findings Our findings suggest that structured BLIs, characterized by frequent feedback support, can lead clinically meaningful 5% loss, regardless specific behavioral, diet, physical activity components. Summary Further research should address methodological issues heterogeneity interventions, also considering the effect pharmacological therapies on reduction. Lastly, more attention be paid long-term relationship between diabetes.

Language: Английский

---

Emerging Pharmacotherapies for Obesity: A Systematic Review

Pharmacological Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 77(1), P. 100002 - 100002

Published: Sept. 20, 2024

The history of anti-obesity pharmacotherapies is marked by disappointments, often entangled with societal pressure promoting weight loss and the conviction that excess body signifies a lack willpower. However, categories emerging generate hope to reduce obesity rates. This systematic review phase 2 3 trials in adults overweight/obesity investigates effect novel pharmacotherapies, compared placebo/control or Food Drug Administration-approved medication, through searching Medline, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov (2012-2024). We identified 53 trials, 36 drugs combinations thereof four withdrawn terminated trials. Oral semaglutide 50 mg only medication has completed trial. There are 14 ongoing on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs) (ecnoglutide, orforglipron, TG103), GLP-1 RA/amylin agonist (CagriSema), GLP-1/glucagon RAs (mazdutide, survodutide), GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide glucagon RA (retatrutide), dapagliflozin, combination sibutramine/topiramate. Completed incretin-based therapies showed mean percent 7.4-24.2%. Almost half undergoing were incretin analogs. drug pipeline expanding rapidly, most promising results reported Data mortality obesity-related complications, such as cardio-renal-metabolic events, needed. Moreover, long-term follow-up data safety efficacy maintenance along studies focused under-represented populations, cost-effectiveness assessments, availability, needed bridge care gap for patients obesity. Significance Statement Obesity epidemic 21st century. Except newer injectable medications, suboptimal have been available clinician's armamentarium. alternatives agents populate therapeutic pipeline. identifies state mechanism action having clinical information provided herein furthers understanding management, implying direct implications stimulating research initiatives.

Language: Английский

---

The association between the visceral to subcutaneous abdominal fat ratio and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: July 9, 2024

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the primary cause of mortality globally. The prevalence obesity is rising worldwide; there seems to be a significant positive association between and CVDs. distribution fat in abdominal area form visceral (VAT) or subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) affects risk aim present study was conduct systematic review available literature regarding VAT-to-SAT ratio Methods A comprehensive search strategy used retrieve all human observational studies indexed PubMed, Scopus Google Scholar databases/search engines (from Jan 2000 up Oct 2023). SAT-to-VAT an independent variable various cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease failure, were considered as outcomes interest. Results Out 1173 initial studies, 910 papers screened. Based on inclusion criteria, 883 excluded. Finally, 27 (18 cross-sectional 9 cohort studies) published 2010 2023 which met criteria reviewed. Conclusions associated with CVDs; majority evidence suggests that higher development Therefore, this can prognostic indicator for Trial registration Not applicable.

Language: Английский

---

Lactobacillus fermentum B153 from human colostrum modulates intestinal immunity and gut microbiota in obese mice model

Journal of Functional Foods, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 125, P. 106662 - 106662

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Language: Английский

---