Bacterial extracellular vesicles: Vital contributors to physiology from bacteria to host

Microbiological Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 284, С. 127733 - 127733

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 influenced gut dysbiosis, post-acute sequelae, immune regulation, and therapeutic regimens

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14

Опубликована: Май 28, 2024

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has garnered unprecedented global attention. It over 2.47 million deaths through various syndromes such as distress, hypercoagulability, and multiple organ failure. viral invasion proceeds the ACE2 receptor, expressed in cell types, some patients serious damage to tissues, organs, immune cells, microbes that colonize gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Some who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection have developed months of persistent long-COVID-19 symptoms or post-acute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC). Diagnosis these revealed biological effects, none which are mutually exclusive. However, severity also depends on numerous comorbidities obesity, age, diabetes, hypertension care must be taken with respect other morbidities, host immunity. Gut microbiota relation immunopathology is considered evolve progression via mechanisms biochemical metabolism, exacerbation inflammation, intestinal mucosal secretion, cytokine storm, immunity regulation. Therefore, modulation gut microbiome equilibrium food supplements probiotics remains a hot topic current research debate. In this review, we discuss complications physio-pathological effects infection, GIT response, therapeutic pharmacological strategies. We summarize targets probiotics, their limitations, efficacy preclinical clinical drugs effectively inhibit spread SARS-CoV-2.

Язык: Английский

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Ameliorative Effects of Korean-Red-Ginseng-Derived Polysaccharide on Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea

Polymers, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(2), С. 231 - 231

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2024

This study evaluated the ameliorative effects of Korean-red-ginseng-derived polysaccharide (KRG-P) on antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) induced by administering lincomycin in mice. Changes intestinal barrier proteins, microbiome and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents were investigated. Lincomycin was orally administered for 9 days to induce diarrhea; subsequently, 100 mg/kg 300 KRG-P 12 days. The observed AAD group; further administration improved diarrhea. Analysis changes microbial flora mice revealed that harmful bacterial (such as Proteobacteria) increased group, whereas beneficial Firmicutes) decreased. However, resulted decreased Proteobacteria Firmicutes, supporting improvement imbalance caused AAD. Moreover, an analysis SCFAs (acetic acid, propionic butylic acid) caecum SCFAs’ group substantially reduced but tended increase upon administration. Based these results, KRG-P, which is primarily composed carbohydrates can improve lincomycin-induced diarrhea, likely owing recovery SCFA content improving proteins.

Язык: Английский

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2’-FL and cross-feeding bifidobacteria reshaped the gut microbiota of infants with atopic dermatitis ex vivo and prevented dermatitis in mice post-microbiota transplantation through retinol metabolism activation

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Март 2, 2025

2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL), a predominant human milk oligosaccharide, plays crucial role in the development of infant gut microbiota and immune system. However, infants with atopic dermatitis (AD) often has difficulty utilizing 2'-FL. Here, we found that strains from milk, Bifidobacterium bifidum FN120 longum subsp. FN103, utilized 2'-FL for growth by cross-feeding. Through an ex vivo continuous fermentation system, cross-feeding bifidobacteria synergistically enhanced production short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly acetate propionate, while reshaping AD. The reshaped was then transplanted into oxazolone-induced mice. We observed AD symptoms mice were effectively prevented, significant changes ileum increased intestinal SCFA levels. RNA sequencing analysis Peyer's patches small intestine revealed activation retinol metabolic pathway. Nontargeted metabolomics increase plasma retinoate levels, which correlated markedly AD-related markers. Collectively, our study demonstrated supplementation microbiota, activated pathways, promoted tolerance, thereby prevented Our findings provide novel insights therapeutic potential combining prebiotics probiotics to modulate - skin axis support tolerance early life, offering promising strategy infantile management prevention.

Язык: Английский

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The relevance of intestinal barrier dysfunction, antimicrobial proteins and bacterial endotoxin in metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease

European Journal of Clinical Investigation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 54(7)

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024

Abstract Background Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a leading cause of end‐stage associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular disease. Obesity diabetes are the most important risk factors MASLD. It well‐established that obesity‐associated insulin resistance leads to situation tissue lipotoxicity characterized by an accumulation excess fat in non‐fat tissues such as liver, promoting development MASLD, its progression into metabolic steatohepatitis. Methods Here, we aimed review impact disrupted intestinal permeability, antimicrobial proteins bacterial endotoxin Results Conclusion Recent studies demonstrated obesity‐ obesogenic diets‐associated alterations microbiota along disruption barrier integrity, alteration and, consequence, enhanced translocation bloodstream might contribute this pathological process through impacting metabolism inflammation.

Язык: Английский

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In Vitro Models for Investigating Intestinal Host–Pathogen Interactions

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(8)

Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2023

Infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as a major threat worldwide due to the rise of antimicrobial resistance and emergence novel pathogens. In vitro models that can adequately mimic in vivo gastrointestinal physiology high demand elucidate mechanisms behind pathogen infectivity, aid design effective preventive therapeutic interventions. There exists trade-off between simple throughput those more complex physiologically relevant. The complexity model used shall be guided by biological question addressed. This review provides an overview structure function intestine developed emulate this. Conventional discussed addition emerging which employ engineering principles equip them with necessary advanced monitoring capabilities for intestinal host-pathogen interrogation. Limitations current future perspectives on field presented.

Язык: Английский

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Quercetin Improves Barrier Properties in Porcine Small Intestine but Not in Peyer’s Patches

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(3), С. 1530 - 1530

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2024

Peyer's patches (PPs) are part of the gut-associated lymphatic tissue (GALT) and represent first line intestinal immunological defense. They consist follicles with lymphocytes an overlying subepithelial dome dendritic cells macrophages, they covered by follicle-associated epithelium (FAE). A sealed paracellular pathway in FAE is crucial for controlled uptake luminal antigens. Quercetin most abundant plant flavonoid has a barrier-strengthening effect on tight junctions (TJs), protein complex that regulates pathway. In this study, we aimed to analyze quercetin porcine PPs surrounding villus (VE). We incubated both types 4 h Ussing chambers, recorded transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), measured unidirectional tracer flux [3H]-mannitol. Subsequently, analyzed expression, amount, localization three TJ proteins, claudin 1, 2, 4. PPs, could not detect after h, neither TEER nor [3H]-mannitol flux. VE, led higher value, while was unchanged. The pore-forming 2 decreased barrier-forming increased expression upregulated. Claudin 1 unchanged all claudins be located membrane immunofluorescence microscopy. Our study shows VE upregulation decrease. Moreover, it underlines different barrier properties compared VE.

Язык: Английский

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The Current Status and Development Forecasts of Vaccines for Aquaculture and its Effects on Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Microbial Pathogenesis, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 106971 - 106971

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Intestinal Mucosal Immune Barrier: A Powerful Firewall Against Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Acute Lung Injury via the Gut-Lung Axis

Journal of Inflammation Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер Volume 17, С. 2173 - 2193

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

The pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury (SAP-ALI), which is the leading cause mortality among hospitalized patients in intensive care unit, remains incompletely elucidated.The intestinal mucosal immune barrier a crucial component epithelial barrier, and its aberrant activation contributes to induction sustained pro-inflammatory responses, paradoxical intercellular communication, bacterial translocation.In this review, we firstly provide comprehensive overview composition pivotal roles SAP-ALI.Secondly, mechanisms crosstalk with gut microbiota, called gut-lung axis, effect on SAP-ALI were summarized.Finally, number drugs that could enhance exhibit potential anti-SAP-ALI activities presented, including probiotics, glutamine, enteral nutrition, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).The aim offer theoretical framework based perspective protect against SAP-ALI.

Язык: Английский

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Intestinal Lymphatic Biology, Drug Delivery and Therapeutics: Current status and Future directions

Pharmacological Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 76(6), С. 1326 - 1398

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2024

Historically, the intestinal lymphatics were considered passive conduits for fluids, immune cells, dietary lipids, lipid soluble vitamins and lipophilic drugs. Studies of lymphatic drug delivery in late 20^th century focussed primarily on physicochemical properties, especially high lipophilicity, that resulted transport. More recent discoveries have changed our traditional view by demonstrating are active, plastic tissue-specific players a range biological pathological processes, including within intestine. These findings have, turn, inspired exploration lymph-specific therapies diseases, as well development more sophisticated strategies to actively deliver drugs or vaccines lymph, nanotechnologies, prodrugs lipid-conjugated materials 9hitchhike9 transport pathways. With increasing novel therapeutics there has been interest whether these absorbed transported through lymph after oral administration. Here we review current state understanding anatomy physiology gastrointestinal system health disease, with focus aspects relevant delivery. We summarise state-of-the-art approaches quantify their uptake into system. Finally, excitingly, discuss examples significant pharmacokinetic therapeutic benefits achieved via also propose advance clinical application future. Significance Statement This comprehensive details It highlights shift toward use achieve patients.

Язык: Английский

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