Recent Advances in miRNA Delivery Systems

Methods and Protocols, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 4(1), С. 10 - 10

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2021

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a family of short non-coding regulatory RNA molecules that are produced in tissue and time-specific manner to orchestrate gene expression post-transcription. MiRNAs hybridize target mRNA(s) induce translation repression or mRNA degradation. Functional studies have demonstrated miRNAs engaged virtually every physiological process and, consequently, miRNA dysregulations been linked multiple human pathologies. Thus, mimics anti-miRNAs restore downregulate aberrantly expressed miRNAs, respectively, highly sought-after therapeutic strategies for effective manipulation levels. In this regard, carrier vehicles facilitate proficient safe delivery miRNA-based therapeutics fundamental the clinical success these pharmaceuticals. Here, we highlight strengths weaknesses current state-of-the-art viral non-viral systems provide perspective on how tools can be exploited improve outcomes therapeutics.

Язык: Английский

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Mitochondrial diseases: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic advances

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025

Abstract Mitochondria are essential for cellular function and viability, serving as central hubs of metabolism signaling. They possess various metabolic quality control mechanisms crucial maintaining normal activities. Mitochondrial genetic disorders can arise from a wide range mutations in either mitochondrial or nuclear DNA, which encode proteins other contents. These defects lead to breakdown metabolism, such the collapse oxidative phosphorylation, one mitochondria’s most critical functions. diseases, common group disorders, characterized by significant phenotypic heterogeneity. Clinical symptoms manifest systems organs throughout body, with differing degrees forms severity. The complexity relationship between mitochondria diseases results an inadequate understanding genotype-phenotype correlation these historically making diagnosis treatment challenging often leading unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. However, recent advancements research technology have significantly improved our management conditions. translations mitochondria-related therapies actively progressing. This review focuses on physiological mitochondria, pathogenesis potential diagnostic therapeutic applications. Additionally, this discusses future perspectives diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Advances in biosensing: The CRISPR/Cas system as a new powerful tool for the detection of nucleic acids

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 192, С. 113645 - 113645

Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Bone Regeneration and Oxidative Stress: An Updated Overview

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(2), С. 318 - 318

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2022

Bone tissue engineering is a complex domain that requires further investigation and benefits from data obtained over past decades. The models are increasing in complexity as they reveal new co-culturing microfluidics applications. vitro now focus on the 3D medium of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes utilizing collagen for separation; this type research allows controlled in-depth analysis. Oxidative stress takes toll domain, being beneficial well destructive. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) molecules influence differentiation but time their presence can affect patients aid appearance diseases such osteoporosis. be limited by using antioxidants vitamin K N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Scaffolds biocompatible coatings hydroxyapatite bioactive glass required to isolate implant, protect zone metallic, ionic exchange, enhance bone regeneration mimicking composition structure body, thus enhancing cell proliferation. materials functionalized with growth factors create better response higher chances success clinical use. This review highlights vast majority newly information regarding engineering, models, implant coatings, scaffolds, biomolecules, techniques utilized obtain them.

Язык: Английский

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MicroRNAs Modulate Signaling Pathways in Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(5), С. 2362 - 2362

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2021

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified in many adult tissues and they closely studied recent years, especially view of their potential use for treating diseases damaged organs. MSCs are capable self-replication differentiation into osteoblasts considered an important source tissue engineering bone regeneration. Several epigenetic factors believed to play a role the osteogenic MSCs, including microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs small, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides that able regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis by binding 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) target mRNAs, which can be subsequently degraded or translationally silenced. control gene expression regulating two crucial signaling cascades osteogenesis: transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) Wingless/Int-1(Wnt)/β-catenin pathways. This review provides overview miRNAs involved how these could genes.

Язык: Английский

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Emerging landscape of cell-penetrating peptide-mediated nucleic acid delivery and their utility in imaging, gene-editing, and RNA-sequencing

Journal of Controlled Release, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 341, С. 166 - 183

Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2021

Язык: Английский

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microRNAs in the Regulation of Melanogenesis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(11), С. 6104 - 6104

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2021

Melanogenesis is the process leading to synthesis of melanin, main substance that influences skin color and plays a pivotal role against UV damage. Altered melanogenesis observed in several pigmentation disorders. occurs specialized cells called melanocytes, physically functionally related by means autocrine paracrine interplay other cell types. Several external internal factors control melanin biosynthesis operate through different intracellular signaling pathways, which finally leads regulation microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), key involved expression melanogenic enzymes, including TYR, TYRP-1, TYRP-2. Epigenetic factors, microRNAs (miRNAs), are regulation. miRNAs small, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs, approximately 22 nucleotides length, behavior regulating gene expression, mainly binding 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) target mRNAs. This review collects data on how these can modulate expression. Bringing light biological function could lead wider understanding epigenetic its dysregulation. knowledge may constitute basis for developing innovative treatment approaches

Язык: Английский

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Targeted delivery system using silica nanoparticles coated with chitosan and AS1411 for combination therapy of doxorubicin and antimiR-21

Carbohydrate Polymers, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 266, С. 118111 - 118111

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2021

Язык: Английский

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MicroRNA dysregulations in Merkel cell carcinoma: Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications

Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 95(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2022

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin malignancy with two distinct etiologies. The first, which accounts for the highest proportion, caused by polyomavirus (MCPyV), a DNA tumor virus. A second, UV-induced, MCC form has also been identified. Few diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic options are available. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) small noncoding RNA molecules, play key role in regulating various physiologic cellular functions including cycling, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis. Numerous miRNAs dysregulated cancer, acting as either suppressors or oncomiRs. aim of this review to collect, summarize, discuss recent findings on whose dysregulation assumed MCC. potential clinical application diagnostic prognostic biomarkers described. In future, will potentially gain significance improvement options.

Язык: Английский

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Emergence of Small Interfering RNA-Based Gene Drugs for Various Diseases

ACS Omega, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(23), С. 20234 - 20250

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023

Small molecule, peptide, and protein-based drugs have been developed over decades to treat various diseases. The importance of gene therapy as an alternative traditional has increased after the discovery gene-based such Gendicine for cancer Neovasculgen peripheral artery disease. Since then, pharma sector is focusing on developing After RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism, development siRNA-based accelerated immensely. treatment hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis (hATTR) using Onpattro acute hepatic porphyria (AHP) by Givlaari three more FDA-approved siRNA set up a milestone further improved confidence therapeutics spectrum advantages other therapies are under study different types diseases viral infections, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, many more. However, there few bottlenecks realizing full potential therapy. They include chemical instability, nontargeted biodistribution, undesirable innate immune responses, off-target effects. This review provides comprehensive view drugs: challenges associated with delivery, their potential, future prospects.

Язык: Английский

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