The Journal of Organic Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
84(14), С. 9093 - 9100
Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2019
The
synthesis
of
6′S-Me-2′-O,4′-C-ethylene-bridged
5-methyluridine
(6′S-Me-ENA-T)
was
achieved
using
visible
light-mediated
stereoselective
radical
cyclization
as
a
key
step.
This
is
the
first
example
method
for
constructing
2′,4′-bridged
structure
from
4′-carbon
intermediate.
6′S-Me-ENA-T
monomer
successfully
incorporated
into
oligonucleotides,
and
their
properties
were
examined.
oligonucleotides
containing
exhibited
highly
selective
hybridization
affinity
toward
single-stranded
RNA
an
excellent
enzymatic
stability,
compared
to
corresponding
LNA-
ENA-modified
oligonucleotides.
Methods and Protocols,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
4(1), С. 10 - 10
Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2021
MicroRNAs
(miRNAs)
represent
a
family
of
short
non-coding
regulatory
RNA
molecules
that
are
produced
in
tissue
and
time-specific
manner
to
orchestrate
gene
expression
post-transcription.
MiRNAs
hybridize
target
mRNA(s)
induce
translation
repression
or
mRNA
degradation.
Functional
studies
have
demonstrated
miRNAs
engaged
virtually
every
physiological
process
and,
consequently,
miRNA
dysregulations
been
linked
multiple
human
pathologies.
Thus,
mimics
anti-miRNAs
restore
downregulate
aberrantly
expressed
miRNAs,
respectively,
highly
sought-after
therapeutic
strategies
for
effective
manipulation
levels.
In
this
regard,
carrier
vehicles
facilitate
proficient
safe
delivery
miRNA-based
therapeutics
fundamental
the
clinical
success
these
pharmaceuticals.
Here,
we
highlight
strengths
weaknesses
current
state-of-the-art
viral
non-viral
systems
provide
perspective
on
how
tools
can
be
exploited
improve
outcomes
therapeutics.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
10(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025
Abstract
Mitochondria
are
essential
for
cellular
function
and
viability,
serving
as
central
hubs
of
metabolism
signaling.
They
possess
various
metabolic
quality
control
mechanisms
crucial
maintaining
normal
activities.
Mitochondrial
genetic
disorders
can
arise
from
a
wide
range
mutations
in
either
mitochondrial
or
nuclear
DNA,
which
encode
proteins
other
contents.
These
defects
lead
to
breakdown
metabolism,
such
the
collapse
oxidative
phosphorylation,
one
mitochondria’s
most
critical
functions.
diseases,
common
group
disorders,
characterized
by
significant
phenotypic
heterogeneity.
Clinical
symptoms
manifest
systems
organs
throughout
body,
with
differing
degrees
forms
severity.
The
complexity
relationship
between
mitochondria
diseases
results
an
inadequate
understanding
genotype-phenotype
correlation
these
historically
making
diagnosis
treatment
challenging
often
leading
unsatisfactory
clinical
outcomes.
However,
recent
advancements
research
technology
have
significantly
improved
our
management
conditions.
translations
mitochondria-related
therapies
actively
progressing.
This
review
focuses
on
physiological
mitochondria,
pathogenesis
potential
diagnostic
therapeutic
applications.
Additionally,
this
discusses
future
perspectives
diseases.
Antioxidants,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
11(2), С. 318 - 318
Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2022
Bone
tissue
engineering
is
a
complex
domain
that
requires
further
investigation
and
benefits
from
data
obtained
over
past
decades.
The
models
are
increasing
in
complexity
as
they
reveal
new
co-culturing
microfluidics
applications.
vitro
now
focus
on
the
3D
medium
of
osteoblasts,
osteoclasts,
osteocytes
utilizing
collagen
for
separation;
this
type
research
allows
controlled
in-depth
analysis.
Oxidative
stress
takes
toll
domain,
being
beneficial
well
destructive.
Reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
molecules
influence
differentiation
but
time
their
presence
can
affect
patients
aid
appearance
diseases
such
osteoporosis.
be
limited
by
using
antioxidants
vitamin
K
N-acetyl
cysteine
(NAC).
Scaffolds
biocompatible
coatings
hydroxyapatite
bioactive
glass
required
to
isolate
implant,
protect
zone
metallic,
ionic
exchange,
enhance
bone
regeneration
mimicking
composition
structure
body,
thus
enhancing
cell
proliferation.
materials
functionalized
with
growth
factors
create
better
response
higher
chances
success
clinical
use.
This
review
highlights
vast
majority
newly
information
regarding
engineering,
models,
implant
coatings,
scaffolds,
biomolecules,
techniques
utilized
obtain
them.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
22(5), С. 2362 - 2362
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2021
Mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSCs)
have
been
identified
in
many
adult
tissues
and
they
closely
studied
recent
years,
especially
view
of
their
potential
use
for
treating
diseases
damaged
organs.
MSCs
are
capable
self-replication
differentiation
into
osteoblasts
considered
an
important
source
tissue
engineering
bone
regeneration.
Several
epigenetic
factors
believed
to
play
a
role
the
osteogenic
MSCs,
including
microRNAs
(miRNAs).
MiRNAs
small,
single-stranded,
non-coding
RNAs
approximately
22
nucleotides
that
able
regulate
cell
proliferation,
apoptosis
by
binding
3′
untranslated
region
(3′-UTR)
target
mRNAs,
which
can
be
subsequently
degraded
or
translationally
silenced.
control
gene
expression
regulating
two
crucial
signaling
cascades
osteogenesis:
transforming
growth
factor-beta
(TGF-β)/bone
morphogenic
protein
(BMP)
Wingless/Int-1(Wnt)/β-catenin
pathways.
This
review
provides
overview
miRNAs
involved
how
these
could
genes.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
22(11), С. 6104 - 6104
Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2021
Melanogenesis
is
the
process
leading
to
synthesis
of
melanin,
main
substance
that
influences
skin
color
and
plays
a
pivotal
role
against
UV
damage.
Altered
melanogenesis
observed
in
several
pigmentation
disorders.
occurs
specialized
cells
called
melanocytes,
physically
functionally
related
by
means
autocrine
paracrine
interplay
other
cell
types.
Several
external
internal
factors
control
melanin
biosynthesis
operate
through
different
intracellular
signaling
pathways,
which
finally
leads
regulation
microphthalmia-associated
transcription
factor
(MITF),
key
involved
expression
melanogenic
enzymes,
including
TYR,
TYRP-1,
TYRP-2.
Epigenetic
factors,
microRNAs
(miRNAs),
are
regulation.
miRNAs
small,
single-stranded,
non-coding
RNAs,
approximately
22
nucleotides
length,
behavior
regulating
gene
expression,
mainly
binding
3'
untranslated
region
(3'-UTR)
target
mRNAs.
This
review
collects
data
on
how
these
can
modulate
expression.
Bringing
light
biological
function
could
lead
wider
understanding
epigenetic
its
dysregulation.
knowledge
may
constitute
basis
for
developing
innovative
treatment
approaches
Journal of Medical Virology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
95(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2022
Merkel
cell
carcinoma
(MCC)
is
an
aggressive
skin
malignancy
with
two
distinct
etiologies.
The
first,
which
accounts
for
the
highest
proportion,
caused
by
polyomavirus
(MCPyV),
a
DNA
tumor
virus.
A
second,
UV-induced,
MCC
form
has
also
been
identified.
Few
diagnostic,
prognostic,
and
therapeutic
options
are
available.
MicroRNAs
(miRNAs)
small
noncoding
RNA
molecules,
play
key
role
in
regulating
various
physiologic
cellular
functions
including
cycling,
proliferation,
differentiation,
apoptosis.
Numerous
miRNAs
dysregulated
cancer,
acting
as
either
suppressors
or
oncomiRs.
aim
of
this
review
to
collect,
summarize,
discuss
recent
findings
on
whose
dysregulation
assumed
MCC.
potential
clinical
application
diagnostic
prognostic
biomarkers
described.
In
future,
will
potentially
gain
significance
improvement
options.
ACS Omega,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
8(23), С. 20234 - 20250
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023
Small
molecule,
peptide,
and
protein-based
drugs
have
been
developed
over
decades
to
treat
various
diseases.
The
importance
of
gene
therapy
as
an
alternative
traditional
has
increased
after
the
discovery
gene-based
such
Gendicine
for
cancer
Neovasculgen
peripheral
artery
disease.
Since
then,
pharma
sector
is
focusing
on
developing
After
RNA
interference
(RNAi)
mechanism,
development
siRNA-based
accelerated
immensely.
treatment
hereditary
transthyretin-mediated
amyloidosis
(hATTR)
using
Onpattro
acute
hepatic
porphyria
(AHP)
by
Givlaari
three
more
FDA-approved
siRNA
set
up
a
milestone
further
improved
confidence
therapeutics
spectrum
advantages
other
therapies
are
under
study
different
types
diseases
viral
infections,
cardiovascular
diseases,
cancer,
many
more.
However,
there
few
bottlenecks
realizing
full
potential
therapy.
They
include
chemical
instability,
nontargeted
biodistribution,
undesirable
innate
immune
responses,
off-target
effects.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
view
drugs:
challenges
associated
with
delivery,
their
potential,
future
prospects.
