Counting racism: quantitative methods and the challenges of structural analysis in Germany

Ethnic and Racial Studies, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 18

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025

This paper explores the challenges and potentials of integrating critical theories racism with quantitative methods in German context, where term "racism" has only recently gained broader acceptance social political discourse. The examines how recent studies, including survey-based approaches field experiments have contributed to understanding while highlighting limitations focusing on attitudes overt behaviour. Drawing race theory materialist perspectives, argues that can align structural when conceptualised as tools reveal relational institutional dimensions racism. Examples include rationality embedded discriminatory practices or heuristic use group identities decision-making. Ultimately, advocates for a methodological synthesis leverages strengths both empirical traditions. It concludes by proposing framework using research address

Язык: Английский

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Racism against racialized migrants in healthcare in Europe: a scoping review

International Journal for Equity in Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2023

Racism is frequently mentioned as a social determinant of migrants' health and barrier to services. However, in the European context, racism its impact on racialized access healthcare remarkably under-researched. This scoping review makes first step toward filling this void by mapping existing literature racial ethnic discrimination against migrants Europe, identifying evidence gaps, offering recommendations for future research topic.Following PRISMA guidelines, four databases were searched empirical studies published English between 1992 2022. Studies included if they report findings manifestations, experiences and/or impacts or setting country. They summarized study characteristics (geographical scope, design, question measures) synthesized.Out 2365 initial hits, 1724 records title/abstract-screening, 87 full text-screening, 38 data extraction. For many country contexts, lacking. Most apply an explorative qualitative design; comparability generalizability results are low. Our analysis furthermore shows near-exclusive focus interpersonal level compared institutional structural levels. synthesis identifies three interrelated ways which manifests healthcare: 1) general anti-migration bias, 2) health- healthcare-related prejudice, 3) differential medical treatment.Our underscores how reinforces inequities quality migrants. It also highlights need more Europe across greater scope settings migrant/racialized categories order understand specific forms capture race context-contingent construct. critical that includes consideration individual-level embedded Methods insights from other disciplines may help critically examine concepts light underlying historical, sociopolitical socioeconomic processes structures, improve methods researching racialization healthcare.

Язык: Английский

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Structural Racism and Well-Being Among Young People in the U.S.

American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 65(6), С. 1078 - 1091

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2023

Structural racism has clear and pernicious effects on population health. However, there is a limited understanding of how structural impacts young people's well-being. The objective this ecologic cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between well-being for 2,009 U.S. counties from 2010 2019.

Язык: Английский

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Skin Tone – a Marker of Bias Known as Colorism – in relation to Sleep Health among African American Women

SSM - Population Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 30, С. 101774 - 101774

Опубликована: Март 6, 2025

People with darker-skin tone are more likely than their lighter-skin counterparts to have less access health-promoting resources (e.g., economic security; quality housing; favorable neighborhood environment). These adverse conditions can affect sleep and result in poor health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease depression. However, few studies examined associations between skin disparities. To address this gap, we used cross-sectional (2010-2012) longitudinal (until 2014-2018) data from the Study of Environment, Lifestyle Fibroids cohort 1674 Black women aged 23-35 years residing Detroit, Michigan area. Skin was measured using a reflectance instrument categorized light [29.3-57.6] (25%), medium [57.7-72.4] (50%), dark [72.5-106.1] (25%) brown. Self-reported dimensions were dichotomized (yes vs. no): short duration, non-restorative sleep, insomnia symptoms, apnea. Adjusting for age educational attainment, Poisson regression robust variance estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) 95% confidence intervals (CIs) applied generalized estimating equations log binomial models determine risk (RRs) CIs each dimension, separately. Dark associated marginally higher (PR = 1.04 [95% CI:1.00-1.08]; RR 1.07 CI: 0.99-1.16]) lower symptoms 0.95 0.91-0.99]). Insomnia prevalent among (21.1% 17.7% [medium] 15.6% [dark]). Our findings elucidate critical importance need differential impact historical ideologies, systems, policies, practices on women, which manifest health-damaging social phenomena like colorism.

Язык: Английский

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Stress system concordance as a predictor of longitudinal patterns of resilience in adolescence

Development and Psychopathology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 35(5), С. 2384 - 2401

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2023

Abstract Resilience promotes positive adaptation to challenges and may facilitate recovery for adolescents experiencing psychopathology. This work examined concordance across the experience, expression, physiological response stress as a protective factor that predict longitudinal patterns of psychopathology well-being mark resilience. Adolescents aged 14–17 at recruitment (oversampled histories non-suicidal self-injury; NSSI) were part three-wave (T1, T2, T3) study. Multi-trajectory modeling produced four distinct profiles physiology T1 (High-High-High, Low-Low-Low, High-Low-Moderate, High-High-Low, respectively). Linear mixed-effect regressions modeled whether predicted depressive symptoms, suicide ideation, NSSI engagement, affect, satisfaction with life, self-worth over time. Broadly, concordant (Low-Low-Low, High-High-High) associated resilient-like High-High-High profile showed trend greater reduction in symptoms ( B = 0.71, p 0.052), well increased global –0.88, 0.055), from T2 T3 compared discordant High-High-Low profile. Concordance multi-level responses be promote future resilience, whereas blunted presence high perceived expressed indicate poorer outcomes

Язык: Английский

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How structural racism, neighborhood deprivation, and maternal characteristics contribute to inequities in birth outcomes

Health Affairs Scholar, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2(8)

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2024

Decades of disparities in health between infants born to Black and White mothers have persisted recent years, despite policy initiatives improve maternal reproductive for mothers. Although scholars increasingly recognized the critical role that structural racism plays driving outcomes people, measurement this relationship remains challenging. This study examines trends preterm birth low weight 2007 2018 separately births Using a multivariate regression model, we evaluated potential factors, including an index racialized disadvantage as well community- individual-level factors serve proxy measures racism, may contribute White-Black differences infant health. Finally, assessed whether unequal effects these explain outcomes. We found appear about half underlying disparity

Язык: Английский

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Diet Quality, Metabolic Syndrome, and Nativity Status: Elucidating Metabolic Advantage and Disadvantage Among Non-US-Native and US-Native Populations Using NHANES Data (2013–2018)

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(2), С. 215 - 215

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025

Nutrient-poor diet quality is a major driver of the global burden metabolic syndrome (MetS). The US ranks among lowest in and has highest rate immigration, which may present unique challenges for non-US-native populations who experience changes access to health-promoting resources. This study examined associations MetS, nativity status, quality, interaction effects race-ethnicity Hispanic, Asian, Black, White US-native adults. We data from 5482 adult participants (≥20 years age) National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2018). MetS (per ATP III panel guidelines) was assessed continuously (MetS z-score) dichotomously. Dietary recalls were used compute HEI-2015 scores. Nativity status sociodemographic variables assessed. Age-adjusted multivariate-adjusted logistic regressions conducted examine between by race-ethnicity. Non-US-native displayed more guideline-adherent (55.23% vs. 49.38%, p < 0.001) compared their counterparts-even when stratified racial-ethnic groups. had larger waist circumferences elevated triglyceride levels. Black Americans 60% lower risk having even after adjusting (OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.88) counterparts. For components, Asian reported dyslipidemia, while multiracial higher triglycerides. groups display better However, findings suggest that alone does not account nativity-related cardiometabolic disparities, particularly Americans, thus necessitating interventions targeting social determinants health.

Язык: Английский

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Structural racism and racial disparities in stroke mortality in the United States, 2021

Social Science & Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 366, С. 117705 - 117705

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2025

Язык: Английский

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A systematic review of key principles relating to decolonising interventions in midwifery education

Women and Birth, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 38(2), С. 101869 - 101869

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Midwifery education is predominantly influenced by Eurocentric models, contributing to systemic health inequalities for marginalised groups. The disparities ethnically diverse maternity service users are well documented. There various decolonising interventions such as cultural safety education, being implemented address these challenging colonial legacies and power imbalances that perpetuate inequity. What the key principles of in midwifery can be applied on a global scale? This study follows systematic literature review based PRISMA guidelines. Data were sourced from six databases, evaluating peer-reviewed articles between February 2014 2024. PICO framework guided research. A thematic synthesis approach was used data analysis. Four major themes emerged: (1) centring Indigenous knowledge, (2) safety, (3) transformative learning, (4) institutional support. Workshops, yarning circles, experiential placements identified effective mechanisms promoting addressing discomfort. However, educators often lacked skills confidence implement changes. Decolonising requires ongoing reflexivity, support, curricula co-design with communities. Barriers discomfort participants inadequate structures must addressed ensure long-term impact. fosters culturally safe care. further research needed assess outcomes equity impact

Язык: Английский

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The Relationship Between Perceived Discrimination and Blood Pressure in Black Adults: A Narrative Review

AJN American Journal of Nursing, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 125(3), С. 20 - 29

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in United States, with disproportionately higher morbidity and mortality rates among Black people. Experiences discrimination racism constitute a public health crisis. Given significant race- ethnicity-related disparities cardiovascular health, it's essential to understand mechanisms by which these occur. The purpose this review was identify synthesize current literature on relationship between perceived its impact blood pressure adults. A search conducted locate relevant research. To be included, articles had report quantitative studies that were States adults, used as an independent variable, or hypertension outcome variable. These also have been peer-reviewed published English 2010 2021. Discrimination categorized everyday, lifetime, both. Eleven met all criteria included for analysis. Eight reported association increased racial pressure; moreover, eight finding, seven specified lifetime discrimination. This narrative found evidence supporting positive But isn't clearly understood, future research should explore underlying potential confounders. Priorities include more rigorous assessment individuals' experiences both everyday how interact confounders (such stress), so control can better achieved population. Specific areas investigation considering we measure discrimination, provider bias medication adherence. work developing urgently needed, evidence-based interventions will help prevent ethnic mitigate effects.

Язык: Английский

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