Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(4), С. 2271 - 2283
Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2023
Although structural racism is strongly related to racial health disparities, we are not aware of any composite, multidimensional measure at the city level in United States. However, many policies, programs, and institutions that create maintain located level. To expand upon previous research, this paper uses a novel for non-Hispanic Black population.
Язык: Английский
JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(2), С. e2354953 - e2354953
Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2024
Black individuals are disproportionately exposed to gun violence in the US. Suicide rates among US have increased recent years.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
12
The Lancet, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 403(10430), С. 935 - 945
Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
10
Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13
Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025
The United States has poor birth outcomes, including high rates of infant mortality and substantial racial inequities, compared to other developed nations. However, both overall inequities in vary across locations, emphasizing the structural forces that shape population health. We used natality data from National Vital Statistics System assess within most populous US cities for 2018-2021. Specifically, we: (1) calculate race-specific 69 48 cities; and, (2) analyze associations between these city-level measures racism. City-level ranged 1.96 deaths per 1,000 births Irvine, CA 13.92 Detroit, MI. non-Hispanic Black rate was 2.5 times higher than white Black:white ratio statistically significant all study cities, ranging 1.8 (Omaha, NE) 5.0 (Cincinnati, OH). greater 4.0 10 cities. Overall were associated with education, economic status, incarceration, segregation, diversity. Racial status. Understanding at city level is critical support efforts urban health advocates. Moreover, examining persistent racism will help guide necessary programmatic or policy decisions reduce
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 8(2), С. e2462069 - e2462069
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025
Importance Homicide is one of the leading causes death in US, especially among adolescents and adults younger than 45 years. While geographic, racial ethnic, sex differences homicide rates have been documented, a comprehensive assessment across all sociodemographics needed. Objective To assess variation US from 2000 to 2019 geographic location, race ethnicity, sex, age. Design, Setting, Participants This cross-sectional study used deidentified records National Vital Statistics System population estimates Center for Health individuals living January 1, 2000, December 31, 2019. Data analysis was completed April 2023. Exposure County, ethnicity (American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian Pacific Islander, Black, Hispanic Latino, White), age (0-14, 15-24, 25-44, 45-64, ≥65 years), (female male) as reported on certificates. Main Outcomes Measures The main outcome per 100 000 individuals. Validated small-area estimation models were estimate county-level by age, (50 unique populations). Estimates corrected misclassification certificates standardized. Results Between 2019, there 367 827 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 366 683-369 046) homicides with decedents most commonly being male (77.7% [95% UI, 77.5%-77.8%]), aged 15 44 years (69.8% 69.6%-69.9%]), Black (46.0% 45.5%-46.5%]). highest males 24 (74.6 72.3-77.0] population) 25 (70.0 68.4-71.4] followed American Native (24.5 19.2-31.0] (33.5 28.6-38.8] population). higher deaths observed 143 counties; more 25% counties this level Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina. Despite national remaining stable over period (6.1 6.0-6.2] both years; incidence rate difference, 0.04 −0.16 0.07]), increased (range, 1631 3051 [53.5%] 1406 1488 [94.5%]) White females 65 Conclusions Relevance In rates, substantial found within county, groups; had homicide. findings highlight several populations places where high, but awareness violence prevention remains limited.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Journal of Adolescence, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Март 16, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Neurology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 104(8)
Опубликована: Март 26, 2025
Процитировано
0
Journal of the National Medical Association, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 115(4), С. 338 - 352
Опубликована: Июль 25, 2023
Introduction Structural racism is increasingly being recognized as a fundamental cause of racial health disparities. We used novel measure structural at the state level to examine relationship between and disparities in death rates from firearm homicide, infant mortality, HIV, diabetes, stroke, hypertension, asthma, kidney disease non-Hispanic Black White people United States. Methods confirmatory factor analysis latent construct for all 50 states. The model included seven indicators across domains residential segregation, economic status/employment, education, incarceration, political participation representation, environmental racism, equity inclusion. Weights each were determined by examining alternative models selecting with best fit statistics. resulting scores, representing domains, then predictor variables series linear regressions ratio outcome dependent variables. Results found significant relationships higher levels greater age-adjusted obesity. magnitude this was greatest one standard deviation increase state's score associated an 4.54 (95% CI, 2.91-6.17) that Black-White homicide rate ratio. Conclusions This research provides further evidence repair these inequities, macro-level changes societal structures, institutions, resource allocation, power will be necessary.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
10
Journal of Biomedical Informatics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 154, С. 104653 - 104653
Опубликована: Май 10, 2024
Many approaches in biomedical informatics (BMI) rely on the ability to define, gather, and manipulate data support health through a cyclical research-practice lifecycle. Researchers within this field are often fortunate work closely with healthcare public systems influence generation capture have access vast amount of data. informaticists also expertise engage stakeholders, develop new methods applications, policy. However, research policy that explicitly seeks address systemic drivers would more effectively health. Intersectionality is theoretical framework can facilitate such research. It holds individual human experiences reflect larger socio-structural level privilege oppression, cannot be truly understood if these examined isolation. accounts for interrelated nature providing lens which examine challenge inequities. In paper, we propose intersectionality as an intervention into how conduct BMI We begin by discussing intersectionality's history core principles they apply BMI. then elaborate potential stimulate Specifically, posit our efforts improve should five key considerations: (1) oppression shape health; (2) upstream drivers; (3) nuances outcomes groups; (4) problematic power-laden categories assign people society; (5) inform social change.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
3
Cancer Control, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 31
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Background Although racial disparities in lung cancer incidence and mortality have diminished recent years, remains the second most diagnosed among US Black populations. Many factors contributing to are rooted structural racism. To quantify this relationship, we examined associations between a multidimensional measure of county-level racism county rates populations, while accounting for levels environmental quality. Methods We merged 2016-2020 data from United States Cancer Statistics Data Visualization Tool, pre-existing index, Environmental Protection Agency’s 2006-2010 Quality Index (EQI), 2023 County Health Rankings, 2021 Census American Community Survey. conducted multivariable linear regressions examine rates. Results Among males females, each standard deviation increase score was associated with an 6.4 (95% CI: 4.4, 8.5) cases per 100,000 3.3 2.0, 4.6) deaths 100,000. When examining these stratified by sex, larger were observed male populations than females. Conclusion Structural contributes both number new caused Those aiming reduce should consider addressing as root-cause.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2
Social Science & Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 348, С. 116793 - 116793
Опубликована: Март 21, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1