Warming amplification over the Arctic Pole and Third Pole: Trends, mechanisms and consequences

Earth-Science Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 217, С. 103625 - 103625

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Atmosphere

Elementa Science of the Anthropocene, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

With the Arctic rapidly changing, needs to observe, understand, and model changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations atmospheric properties, processes, interactions were made while drifting with sea ice across central during Multidisciplinary Observatory for Study Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 September 2020. An international team designed implemented comprehensive program document characterize all aspects system in unprecedented detail, using a variety approaches, multiple scales. These measurements coordinated other observational teams explore cross-cutting coupled Ocean, ice, ecosystem through physical biogeochemical processes. This overview outlines breadth complexity research program, which was organized into 4 subgroups: state, clouds precipitation, gases aerosols, energy budgets. Atmospheric variability over revealed important influences persistent large-scale winter circulation pattern, leading some storms pressure winds that outside interquartile range past conditions suggested by long-term reanalysis. Similarly, MOSAiC location warmer wetter summer than reanalysis climatology, part due its close proximity edge. The comprehensiveness characterizing analyzing phenomena is demonstrated via case study examining air mass transitions vertical evolution. Overall, successfully met objectives most measurement date conducted ice. obtained data will broad coupled-system scientific provide foundation advancing multiscale modeling capabilities Arctic.

Язык: Английский

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Detecting recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer

Nature, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 549(7671), С. 211 - 218

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Evaluation of the ability of CMIP6 models to simulate precipitation over Southwestern South America: Climatic features and long-term trends (1901–2014)

Atmospheric Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 241, С. 104953 - 104953

Опубликована: Март 19, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Weakened Potential Vorticity Barrier Linked to Recent Winter Arctic Sea Ice Loss and Midlatitude Cold Extremes

Journal of Climate, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 32(14), С. 4235 - 4261

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2019

Abstract A winter Eurasian cooling trend and a large decline of sea ice concentration (SIC) in the Barents–Kara Seas (BKS) are striking features recent climate changes. The question arises as to what extent these phenomena related. mechanism is presented that establishes link between SIC midlatitude cold extremes. Such potential weather linkages mediated by whether there weak north–south gradient background tropospheric vorticity (PV). strong PV gradient, which usually occurs North Atlantic Pacific Ocean midlatitudes, acts barrier inhibits atmospheric blocking southward air intrusion. Conversely, more persistent weakened regions over Eurasia, Greenland, northwestern America because energy dispersion intensified nonlinearity. small climatological gradients mid- high-latitude Eurasia have become weaker decades BKS temperatures show positive trends due loss, this has led Ural-region blocking. These factors contribute increased East Asia. It found, however, years when Asian extremes can even occur absence negative anomalies. Thus, magnitude an important controller Arctic–midlatitude linkages, but it plays no role if Ural not present. “PV barrier” concept presents critical insight into producing hypothesized set up such other locations.

Язык: Английский

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Trends and variability in polar sea ice, global atmospheric circulations, and baroclinicity

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 1504(1), С. 167 - 186

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2021

Abstract We analyze the polar sea ice distribution and global level pressure (SLP) baroclinicity distributions over “satellite” period of 1979–2020. In Arctic, there are statistically significant extent (SIE) decreases in all calendar months, annual mean has lost 2.22 million km 2 four decades. The Antarctic SIE, marked contrast, increased up to 2014, then commenced a remarkable retreat (the decreased by 2.03 3 years 2017), subsequently near its long‐term average value 2020. shifts seasonal‐mean SLP patterns consistent with warming planet. At synoptic scale, we diagnose changes baroclinicity, mechanism which cyclones, fronts, other weather systems generated. Through novel presentation, give an overview relative roles vertical shear static stability influencing trends baroclinicity. both Arctic regions, is shown have each season (with sole exception summer). This increase, coupled midlatitude results poleward storm tracks.

Язык: Английский

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The Future of Midlatitude Cyclones

Current Climate Change Reports, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 5(4), С. 407 - 420

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2019

Abstract Purpose of Review This review brings together recent research on the structure, characteristics, dynamics, and impacts extratropical cyclones in future. It draws using idealized models complex climate simulations, to evaluate what is known unknown about these future changes. Recent Findings There are interacting processes that contribute uncertainties cyclone changes, e.g., changes horizontal vertical structure atmosphere increasing moisture content due rising temperatures. Summary While precipitation intensity will most likely increase, along with associated increased latent heating, it unclear extent for which particular conditions this feedback increase cyclones. Future could focus bridging gap between models, as well better understanding regional

Язык: Английский

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Stratospheric drivers of extreme events at the Earth’s surface

Communications Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 1(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2020

Abstract The stratosphere, the layer of atmosphere at heights between 10-50 km, is an important source variability for weather and climate Earth’s surface on timescales weeks to decades. Since stratospheric circulation evolves more slowly than that troposphere below, it can contribute predictability surface. Our synthesis studies coupling stratosphere reveals also contributes substantially a wide range climate-related extreme events. These events include cold air outbreaks heat, pollution, wildfires, wind extremes, storm clusters, as well changes in tropical cyclones sea ice cover, they have devastating consequences human health, infrastructure, ecosystems. A better understanding vertical atmosphere, along with improved representation numerical models, therefore expected help predict from decades terms event type, magnitude, frequency, location, timing. With stratosphere-troposphere coupling, may be possible link tropospheric extremes forcing, which will crucial emergency planning management.

Язык: Английский

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Trends in cyclones in the high‐latitude North Atlantic during 1979–2016

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 146(727), С. 762 - 779

Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2019

Abstract We report an increase in winter (DJF) cyclone densities the areas around Svalbard and northwestern Barents Sea a decrease southeastern during 1979–2016. Despite high interannual variability, trends are significant at 90% confidence level. The changes appear as result of shift into more meridional storm track high‐latitude North Atlantic, associated with positive trend Scandinavian Pattern. A Brunt–Väisälä frequency east Eady Growth Rate north indicate increased baroclinicity, favouring enhanced activity these regions. For first time, we apply composite analysis to explicitly address regional consequences wintertime Atlantic. find tendency toward warmer moist atmospheric state over Svalbard.

Язык: Английский

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Midlatitude Winter Extreme Temperature Events and Connections with Anomalies in the Arctic and Tropics

Journal of Climate, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 34(10), С. 3733 - 3749

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2021

Abstract For the last few decades Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes have seen an increasing number of temperature extreme events. It has been suggested that some these extremes are related to planetary wave activity. In this study we identify propagation regions at 300 hPa using ERA-Interim dataset from 1980 2017 and link them in densely populated Hemisphere. Most studies used background flow fields monthly or seasonal scale investigate propagation. a phenomenon is influenced by threshold incidents nonlinear processes, can distort net Rossby signal. A novel aspect our investigation lies use daily data allowing it be diagnosed for limited but important periods across wider range latitudes, including polar region. We show winter associated with circulation anomalies both Arctic tropics, while relative importance areas differs according specific midlatitude particular, trains connecting tropical Pacific Atlantic may North America Siberia. seas markedly Eurasian regions. Analysis synoptic suggests pre-existing local play key role development those extremes, as well amplification large-scale trains. also demonstrate warm create cold outbreaks Siberia America.

Язык: Английский

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