Molecules,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
26(13), С. 3813 - 3813
Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2021
The
history
of
colour
is
fascinating
from
a
social
and
artistic
viewpoint
because
it
shows
the
way;
use;
importance
acquired.
use
colours
date
back
to
Stone
Age
(the
first
news
cave
paintings);
has
contributed
symbolic
development
civilizations.
Colour
been
associated
with
hierarchy;
power
leadership
in
some
them.
advent
synthetic
dyes
revolutionized
industry;
due
their
low
cost;
spread
different
industrial
sectors.
Although
percentage
coloured
wastewater
discharged
by
textile;
food;
pharmaceutical;
cosmetic;
paper
industries;
among
other
productive
areas;
are
unknown;
toxic
effect
ecological
implications
this
into
water
bodies
harmful.
This
review
briefly
surrounding
discovery
natural
dyes.
We
summarise
environmental
impact
caused
discharge
untreated
or
poorly
treated
bodies;
which
led
physical;
chemical
biological
treatments
reduce
units
so
as
important
physicochemical
parameters.
also
focus
on
laccase
utility
(EC
1.10.3.2),
for
discolouration
enzymatic
treatment
wastewater,
before
its
bodies.
Laccases
(p-diphenol:
oxidoreductase
dioxide)
multicopper
enzymes
widely
distributed
plants,
insects,
bacteria,
fungi.
Fungal
laccases
have
employed
removal
high
redox
potential.
includes
an
analysis
stability
laccases,
factors
that
influence
production
at
scales
achieve
volumes
contaminated
biotechnological
degradation
routes
may
follow
when
using
Processes,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11(3), С. 807 - 807
Опубликована: Март 8, 2023
The
use
of
dyes
is
widespread
across
almost
all
industries.
Consequently,
these
are
found
in
various
sources
water
and
food
that
humans,
animals,
plants
consume
directly
or
indirectly.
Most
comprised
complex
aromatic
structures
have
proven
harmful.
Congo
red
dye,
a
azo
dye
based
on
benzidine,
most
commonly
used
dyes;
its
metabolites
(benzidine
analogs)
can
be
toxic,
but
itself
not
always
present
review
summarizes
the
toxicity
towards
different
living
forms.
Herein,
primary
emphasis
has
been
given
to
mutagenic,
teratogenic,
carcinogenic
consequences
metabolites.
mechanisms
dyes’
carcinogenicity
also
discussed.
This
will
undoubtedly
beneficial
for
researchers
understand
harmful
effects
genotoxic,
factors.
