Advances in oligosaccharides production from algal sources and potential applications

Biotechnology Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 67, С. 108195 - 108195

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Clinical performance of rapid antigen tests in comparison to RT‐PCR for SARS‐COV‐2 diagnosis in Omicron variant: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Reviews in Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2023

Abstract The Omicron variant of concern has a high level mutations in different genes that raised awareness about the performance immunological products such as vaccines and antigen detection kits. In this systematic review meta‐analysis, we investigated whether had significant influence on rapid test (RAT) comparison to PCR. We registered meta‐analysis PROSPERO with registration number CRD42022355510. searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web Science databases systematically 1 August 2022. After article screening, assessed quality included studies based JBI checklist. Following data extraction, performed using R software. 18 qualified articles presenting sufficient RATs RT‐PCR infections. pooled specificity sensitivity were 1.000 (0.997–1.000) 0.671 (0.595–0.721), respectively. FDA‐approved kits showed better than WHO‐approved ones 0.728 (0.620–0.815). use nasal swabs higher compared nasopharyngeal swabs. for samples CT‐value >25 was 0.108 (0.048–0.227). Rapid tests show impaired COVID‐19 diagnosis when is circulating, particularly low viral loads.

Язык: Английский

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The Emergence of the Omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 Variant: What is the Impact on the Continued Pandemic?

Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(2), С. 143 - 146

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2022

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 and Emerging Variants: Unmasking Structure, Function, Infection, and Immune Escape Mechanisms

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12

Опубликована: Май 12, 2022

As of April 1, 2022, over 468 million COVID-19 cases and 6 deaths have been confirmed globally. Unlike the common coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 has highly contagious attracted a high level concern worldwide. Through analysis structural, non-structural, accessory proteins, we can gain deeper understanding structure-function relationships, viral infection mechanisms, viable strategies for antiviral therapy. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is first widely acknowledged receptor, but researches shown that there are additional co-receptors facilitate entry to infect humans. We performed an in-depth review published papers, searching or other auxiliary membrane proteins enhance infection, analyzing pertinent pathogenic mechanisms. The genome, especially spike gene, undergoes mutations at abnormally frequency during virus replication and/or when it transmitted from one individual another. summarized main mutant strains currently circulating global, elaborated structural feature increased infectivity immune evasion variants. Meanwhile, principal purpose update information on outbreak. Many countries novel findings early stage epidemic, accruing evidence rewritten timeline outbreak, triggering new thinking about origin spread COVID-19. It anticipated this provide further insights future research global epidemic prevention control.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 vaccines: their effectiveness against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its emerging variants

Bulletin of the National Research Centre/Bulletin of the National Research Center, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 46(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2022

Abstract Background The world has been suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic (officially declared by WHO in March 2020), caused severe acute respiratory β-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) since last week of December 2019. disease was initially designated as a Public Health Emergency International Concern on January 30, 2020. In order to protect health mass public, an array research drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 conducted globally. However, emerging variants SARS-CoV-2, i.e., Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2) which evolved late 2020 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) emerged November 2021 along with its subvariant BA.2 first identified India South Africa 2021, have raised doubt about efficiency currently used especially terms consistent potential produce neutralizing antibodies targeting viral spike (S) protein. Main body abstract present review discussed functional details major regarding their such during pandemic. Overall, mRNA shown around 94% effectiveness; adenovector vaccine showed approximately 70% efficacy, whereas Sputnik V 92% inactivated whole-virus CoronaVac/PiCoVacc BBIBP-CorV varying effectiveness 65–86% according geographic locations; subunit NVX-CoV2373 60–89% global regions wild-type strain. reduced these noticed is suggestive for further administration booster dose. Short conclusion Maximum second wave COVID-19; extensive studies genomic sequences all geographical locations groups assess possible occurrence mutations(s) specially within receptor binding domain Mutational similarities new or critical mutations clearly so far. study also ongoing. persistence memory B cell action other immune components well dose expected mitigate disease.

Язык: Английский

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An overview of current drugs and prophylactic vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 27(1)

Опубликована: Май 13, 2022

Designing and producing an effective vaccine is the best possible way to reduce burden spread of a disease. During coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many large pharmaceutical biotechnology companies invested great deal time money in trying control combat In this regard, due urgent need, vaccines are now available earlier than scheduled. Based on their manufacturing technology, for COVID-19 (severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SAR-CoV2)) infection can be classified into four platforms: RNA vaccines, adenovirus vector subunit (protein-based) inactivated virus vaccines. Moreover, various drugs have been deemed negatively affect progression via actions. However, adaptive variants SARS-CoV-2 genome alter pathogenic potential increase difficulty both drug development. review, along with used treatment, currently authorized as well described evaluated, considering all platforms.

Язык: Английский

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The wave of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant resulted in a rapid spike and decline as highlighted by municipal wastewater surveillance

Environmental Technology & Innovation, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28, С. 102667 - 102667

Опубликована: Май 21, 2022

This paper highlights the extraordinarily rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 loads in wastewater that during Omicron wave December 2021-February 2022, compared with profiles acquired 2020-21 410 samples from two treatment plants (Trento+suburbs, 132,500 inhabitants). Monitoring focused on: (i) 3 samplings/week and analysis, (ii) normalization to calculate genomic units (GU) inh

Язык: Английский

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The Potential of Nanobodies for COVID-19 Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 27(2), С. 193 - 226

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant and its subvariants and lineages may lead to another COVID-19 wave in the world? -An overview of current evidence and counteracting strategies

International Journal of Surgery Open, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 55, С. 100625 - 100625

Опубликована: Май 18, 2023

The highly contagious Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is a recent cause concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. World Health Organization (WHO) has classified variants into (VOCs), interest (VOIs), and under monitoring (VUMs). VOCs were categorized as Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2). (B.1.1.529) was further modified strain that short incubation period; it called VOC by WHO, became fifth on list variants. spread faster than any other since its emergence in late 2021. currently only circulating VOC. various subvariants are BA.1 (B.1.1.529.1), BA.2 (B.1.1.529.2), BA.3 (B.1.1.529.3), BA.4, BA.5, descendent lineages. More recently, identified sublineages BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, BA.2.75.2, XBB.1, BF.7 have also attracted global attention. BA.5 most dominant subvariant globally. Recent spikes cases China due to subvariant. With large increase number cases, there been an hospitalisations countries worldwide. In many countries, lifting infection prevention protocols, such use masks physical distancing, contributes virus. This article highlights potential impacts subvariants, which made pandemic far from over. Effective vaccination remains safest option kerb transmission these Therefore, people must be vaccinated, wear masks, perform regular hand hygiene, observe social distancing. Additionally, genome sequencing positive samples can help detect virus variants; thus, mapping particular area performed.

Язык: Английский

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The SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron Variant and its Multiple Sub‐lineages: Transmissibility, Vaccine Development, Antiviral Drugs, Monoclonal Antibodies, and Strategies for Infection Control – a Review

ChemistrySelect, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(9)

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2023

Abstract The Omicron (B.1.1.529), fifth variant of concern (VOC) SARS‐CoV‐2, initially identified following a steep increase in COVID‐19 cases Southern Africa November 2021. It is highly‐mutated and more contagious as compared with the Delta variant, however less deadly. Due to its high transmission rate, it spreads dramatically, causing huge surges worldwide. causes “mild infection”, hospitalisations likely occur. However, this known show resistance neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) generated through vaccination and/or prior infection well monoclonal (mAbs) used treat patients. In many countries, booster doses vaccines have been recommended protective levels vaccinated individuals. Along implementation appropriate prevention control strategy measures, current efforts are also focussed on development better mAbs counter variant. This review highlights global health concerns challenges posed by present an update sub‐lineages.

Язык: Английский

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