Macronutrients in Human Milk Exposed to Antidepressant and Anti-Inflammatory Medications
JAMA Network Open,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
8(1), С. e2453332 - e2453332
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025
Importance
The
association
between
maternal
medications
and
the
macronutrient
composition
of
human
milk
has
not
been
studied.
Objective
To
compare
levels
in
samples
from
mothers
treated
with
long-term
untreated
healthy
disease-matched
control
(DMCs).
Design,
Setting,
Participants
A
cross-sectional
study
using
collected
October
2014
January
2024
breastfeeding
US
Canada
invited
to
participate
Mommy’s
Milk
Human
Research
Biorepository
at
University
California,
San
Diego.
Of
3974
unique
individuals
biorepository,
310
were
1
4
categories
medications,
151
DMCs
same
underlying
disorders,
73
mothers,
frequency
matched
on
infant
age
sex.
these,
150
excluded
because
they
had
more
than
medication
exposure
or
outliers.
Data
analyzed
March
June
2024.
Exposures
Continuous
treatment
selective
serotonin
reuptake
inhibitors
(SSRIs),
monoclonal
antibodies
(MABs),
systemic
steroids,
other
anti-inflammatory
drugs
(ADs)
14
days
before
sample
collection.
Main
Outcomes
Measures
Levels
protein,
fat,
carbohydrate,
total
energy
measured
SpectraStar
2400
near
infrared
analyzer
compared
across
groups
analysis
covariance
adjusted
for
age,
parity,
body
mass
index,
sex,
exclusive
breastfeeding,
feeding
frequency,
collection
time,
cannabis
use,
occupation.
Results
384
collected;
194
infants
(50.5%)
female;
mean
(SD)
cohort
was
33.5
(4.4)
years,
6.6
(5.4)
months.
Mean
protein
15%
21%
lower
exposed
(0.92
[0.56]
g/100
mL
63
SSRIs,
0.85
[0.51]
MABs,
0.88
[0.37]
33
[0.54]
20
ADs)
64
(1.08
[0.50]
mL).
Adjusted
differences
significant
SSRIs
steroids
(
F
1,
91
=
4.32;
P
.04
1,59
5.00,
0.03,
respectively).
fat
10%
22%
ADs
(3.40
[1.21]
69.56
[15.35]
kcal/100
energy)
(3.85
[1.66]
77.16
[22.08]
DMC
(4.38
[1.90]
80.60
[24.70]
mothers.
only
1,88
6.22;
.01).
Conclusions
Relevance
In
this
study,
some
associated
milk,
which
could
impose
health
risks
breastfed
infants.
Other
factors
that
influence
need
be
clarified
clinical
implications
these
findings
can
confirmed.
Язык: Английский
Difference in the Intestinal Microbiota between Breastfeed Infants and Infants Fed with Artificial Milk: A Systematic Review
Pathogens,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(7), С. 533 - 533
Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2024
The
gut
microbiota
(GM)
plays
a
crucial
role
in
human
health,
particularly
during
the
first
years
of
life.
Differences
GM
between
breastfed
and
formula
(F)-fed
infants
may
influence
long-term
health
outcomes.
This
systematic
review
aims
to
compare
with
that
F-fed
evaluate
clinical
implications
these
differences.
We
searched
databases
on
Scopus,
Web
Science,
Pubmed
following
keywords:
“gut
microbiota”,
microbiome”,
“neonatal
milk”.
inclusion
criteria
were
articles
relating
analysis
intestinal
microbiome
newborns
relation
type
nutrition,
studies
or
case
series,
excluding
reviews,
meta-analyses,
animal
models,
vitro
studies.
screening
phase
ended
selection
13
publications
for
this
work.
Breastfed
showed
higher
levels
beneficial
bacteria
such
as
Bifidobacterium
Lactobacillus,
while
had
prevalence
potentially
pathogenic
bacteria,
including
Clostridium
difficile
Enterobacteriaceae.
Infant
feeding
influences
composition
oral
significantly.
Breastfeeding
promotes
healthier
more
diverse
microbial
ecosystem,
which
offer
protective
benefits.
Future
research
should
explore
strategies
improve
understand
implications.
Язык: Английский
Sirtuin 1 Inhibits Fatty Acid Synthesis through Forkhead Box Protein O1-Mediated Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Expression in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(18), С. 9923 - 9923
Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2024
Sirtuin
1
(SIRT1)
is
a
key
upstream
regulator
of
lipid
metabolism;
however,
the
molecular
mechanisms
by
which
SIRT1
regulates
milk
fat
synthesis
in
dairy
goats
remain
unclear.
This
study
aimed
to
investigate
regulatory
roles
modulating
metabolism
goat
mammary
epithelial
cells
(GMECs)
and
its
impact
on
adipose
triglyceride
lipase
(ATGL)
promoter
activity
using
RNA
interference
(RNAi)
gene
overexpression
techniques.
The
results
showed
that
significantly
upregulated
during
lactation
compared
dry
period.
Additionally,
knockdown
notably
increased
expressions
genes
related
fatty
acid
(SREBP1,
SCD1,
FASN,
ELOVL6),
triacylglycerol
(TAG)
production
(DGAT2,
AGPAT6),
droplet
formation
(PLIN2).
Consistent
with
transcriptional
changes,
intracellular
contents
TAG
cholesterol
abundance
GMECs,
while
had
opposite
effects.
Furthermore,
co-overexpression
Forkhead
box
protein
O1
(FOXO1)
led
more
pronounced
increase
ATGL
activity,
ability
enhance
was
nearly
abolished
when
FOXO1
binding
sites
(FKH1
FKH2)
were
mutated,
indicating
enhances
via
FKH
element
promoter.
Collectively,
our
data
reveal
through
located
promoter,
thereby
regulating
metabolism.
These
findings
provide
novel
insights
into
role
goats.
Язык: Английский
The Effects of Cannabinoid Compounds on the Endocrine System
Quality in Sport,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36, С. 56516 - 56516
Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2024
Cannabinoids
are
chemical
compounds
that
occur
naturally
in
the
cannabis
plant.
They
have
been
known
for
thousands
of
years
and
used
to
treat
conditions
such
as
asthma,
malaria,
hypertension,
spasticity.
The
most
common
cannabinoids
tetrahydrocannabinol
cannabidiol.
Due
their
abundant
type
1
2
cannabinoid
receptors,
they
affect
systems
human
body.
This
review
focuses
on
effects
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
axis,
hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid
growth
hormone,
food
intake,
glycemia
regulation,
reproductive
system,
prolactin,
oxytocin.
Язык: Английский