Parental factors that impact the ecology of human mammary development, milk secretion, and milk composition—a report from “Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)” Working Group 1

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 117, С. S11 - S27

Опубликована: Май 1, 2023

The goal of Working Group 1 in the Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis Infant Nutrition (BEGIN) Project was to outline factors influencing biological processes governing human milk secretion and evaluate our current knowledge these processes. Many regulate mammary gland development utero, during puberty, pregnancy, through secretory activation, at weaning. These include breast anatomy, vasculature, diet, lactating parent's hormonal milieu including estrogen, progesterone, placental lactogen, cortisol, prolactin, growth hormone. We examine effects time day postpartum interval on secretion, along with role mechanisms parent-infant interactions bonding, particular attention actions oxytocin pleasure systems brain. then consider potential clinical conditions infection, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, cardiovascular health, inflammatory states, mastitis, particularly, gestational diabetes obesity. Although we know a great deal about transporter by which zinc calcium pass from blood stream into milk, cellular localization transporters that carry substrates such as glucose, amino acids, copper, many other trace metals present across plasma intracellular membranes require more research. pose question how cultured alveolar cells animal models can help answer lingering questions regulation secretion. raise parent infant microbiome immune system development, molecules protection pathogens. Finally, effect medications, recreational illicit drugs, pesticides, endocrine-disrupting chemicals composition, emphasizing this area needs much research attention.

Язык: Английский

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Integrating the milk microbiome signatures in mastitis: milk-omics and functional implications

World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 41(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2025

Mammalian milk contains a variety of complex bioactive and nutritional components microorganisms. These microorganisms have diverse compositions functional roles that impact host health disease pathophysiology, especially mastitis. The advent use high throughput omics technologies, including metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, metametabolomics, as well culturomics in microbiome studies suggest strong relationships between phenotype signatures While single undoubtedly contributed to our current understanding mastitis, they often provide limited information, targeting only biological viewpoint which is insufficient system-wide information necessary for elucidating the footprints molecular mechanisms driving mastitis dysbiosis. Therefore, integrating multi-omics approach research could generate new knowledge, improve structural ecosystem, insights sustainable control management.

Язык: Английский

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Human Milk Microbiota Across Lactation Stages and Free Glutamate Concentrations in Healthy Ecuadorian Women

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(5), С. 805 - 805

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025

Background/Objectives: There is limited information on human milk (HM) microbiome composition and function in Latin America. Also, interactions between HM constituents its have received partial attention. Objective: To characterize the microbiota considering lactation stages (colostrum, transition, mature HM) free glutamate concentrations Ecuadorian mothers. Methods: We recruited 20 mothers that gave birth to normal full-term babies donated colostrum, milk. Samples were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). Free measured proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Results: For each stage order of frequency, majority ASVs assigned Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, (Firmicutes); Escherichia, Acinetobacter, (Proteobacteria); Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus, Cutibacterium, (Actinobacteriota); Chryseobacterium, Flavobacterium (Bacteroidota). Alfa diversity was similar samples tended be higher intended for male infants. observed significant differences qualitative β-diversity metrics with low high concentrations. Functional predictions demonstrated presence polyamine biosynthesis II super pathway Conclusions: The core bacterial components women those reported from different parts world, variations at genus level. dynamics need studied maternal production metabolism better understand optimal infant nutrition.

Язык: Английский

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Evidence for human milk as a biological system and recommendations for study design—a report from “Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)” Working Group 4

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 117, С. S61 - S86

Опубликована: Май 1, 2023

Human milk contains all of the essential nutrients required by infant within a complex matrix that enhances bioavailability many those nutrients. In addition, human is source bioactive components, living cells and microbes facilitate transition to life outside womb. Our ability fully appreciate importance this relies on recognition short- long-term health benefits and, as highlighted in previous sections supplement, its ecology (i.e., interactions among lactating parent breastfed well context itself). Designing interpreting studies address complexity depends availability new tools technologies account for such complexity. Past efforts have often compared formula, which has provided some insight into bioactivity milk, whole, or individual components supplemented with formula. However, experimental approach cannot capture contributions ecology, interaction between these matrix, significance itself enhance outcomes interest. This paper presents approaches explore biological system functional implications components. Specifically, we discuss study design data collection considerations how emerging analytical technologies, bioinformatics, systems biology could be applied advance our understanding critical aspect biology.

Язык: Английский

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Infant factors that impact the ecology of human milk secretion and composition—a report from “Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)” Working Group 3

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 117, С. S43 - S60

Опубликована: Май 1, 2023

Infants drive many lactation processes and contribute to the changing composition of human milk through multiple mechanisms. This review addresses major topics removal; chemosensory ecology for parent–infant dyad; infant's inputs into microbiome; impact disruptions in gestation on fetal infant phenotypes, composition, lactation. Milk removal, which is essential adequate intake continued synthesis hormonal autocrine/paracrine mechanisms, should be effective, efficient, comfortable both lactating parent infant. All 3 components included evaluation removal. Breastmilk "bridges" flavor experiences utero with postweaning foods, flavors become familiar preferred. can detect changes resulting from parental lifestyle choices, including recreational drug use, early sensory properties these drugs subsequent behavioral responses. Interactions between own developing microbiome, that milk, environmental factors are drivers—both modifiable nonmodifiable—in microbial explored. Disruptions gestation, especially preterm birth growth restriction or excess, such as timing secretory activation, adequacy volume duration Research gaps identified each areas. To assure a sustained robust breastfeeding ecology, myriad must systematically considered.

Язык: Английский

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The “Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)” Project – executive summary

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 117, С. S1 - S10

Опубликована: Май 1, 2023

The public health community has come to appreciate that a deeper understanding of the biology human milk is essential address ongoing and emerging questions about infant feeding practices. critical pieces are 1) complex biological system, matrix many interacting parts more than sum those parts, 2) production needs be studied as an ecology consists inputs from lactating parent, their breastfed baby, respective environments. "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Project was designed examine this well its functional implications for both parent explore ways in which knowledge can expanded via targeted research agenda translated support community's efforts ensure safe, efficacious, context-specific practices United States globally. five working groups BEGIN addressed following themes: parental composition; components interactions within system; 3) matrix, emphasizing bidirectional relationships associated with breastfeeding dyad; 4) application existing new technologies methodologies study 5) approaches translation implementation safe efficacious

Язык: Английский

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An equitable, community-engaged translational framework for science in human lactation and infant feeding—a report from “Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)” Working Group 5

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 117, С. S87 - S105

Опубликована: Май 1, 2023

Human milk is the ideal source of nutrition for most infants, but significant gaps remain in our understanding human biology. As part addressing these gaps, Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis Infant Nutrition (BEGIN) Project Working Groups 1-4 interrogated state knowledge regarding infant-human milk-lactating parent triad. However, to optimize impact newly generated across all stages research, need remained a translational research framework specific field. Thus, with inspiration from simplified environmental sciences Kaufman and Curl, Group 5 BEGIN developed science lactation infant feeding, which includes nonlinear, interconnected stages, T1: Discovery; T2: health implications; T3: Clinical public T4: Implementation; T5: Impact. The accompanied by 6 overarching principles: 1) Research spans continuum nonhierarchical manner; 2) Projects engage interdisciplinary teams continuous collaboration cross talk; 3) Priorities study designs incorporate diverse range contextual factors; 4) include community stakeholders outset through purposeful, ethical, equitable engagement; 5) conceptual models respectful care birthing address implications lactating parent; 6) real-world settings account factors surrounding feeding milk, including exclusivity mode feeding. To demonstrate application presented its principles, case studies are included, each illustrating framework. Applying approach an important step toward aligned goals optimizing contexts as well all.

Язык: Английский

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Circadian Variation in Human Milk Hormones and Macronutrients

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(17), С. 3729 - 3729

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2023

There is an inadequate understanding of the daily variations in hormones and macronutrients human milk (HM), sample collection protocols vary considerably from study to study. To investigate changes these components across 24 h, 22 lactating women collected small samples before after each breastfeed or expression breast. Test weighing was used determine volume HM consumed feed. The concentrations leptin, adiponectin, insulin, fat, glucose were measured, intakes calculated. A linear mixed model fitted assess within-feed circadian variation feed concentration, several components. average infant intake 879 g/24 h. Significantly higher pre-feed found for adiponectin lower post-feed insulin fat. Significant rhythms displayed (both concentration intake), fat volume. These findings demonstrate necessity setting up standardised rigorous sampling procedures that consider both gain a more precise impacts on health, growth development.

Язык: Английский

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“OMICS” in Human Milk: Focus on Biological Effects on Bone Homeostasis

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(22), С. 3921 - 3921

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2024

Human milk (HM) is a complex biofluid rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds essential for infant health. Recent advances omics technologies-such as proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics-have shed light on the influence of HM bone development This review discusses impact various components, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, hormones, metabolism skeletal growth. Proteins like casein whey promote calcium absorption osteoblast differentiation, supporting mineralization. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contribute to health by modulating inflammatory pathways regulating osteoclast activity. Additionally, human oligosaccharides (HMOs) act prebiotics, improving gut bioavailability while influencing Hormones present HM, such insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), leptin, adiponectin, have been linked growth, body composition, density. Research has shown that higher IGF-1 levels breast are associated with increased weight gain, leptin adiponectin fat mass metabolism. Emerging studies also highlighted role microRNAs (miRNAs) key processes adipogenesis homeostasis. Furthermore, microbiome-focused techniques reveal HM's establishing balanced microbiota, indirectly enhancing nutrient absorption. Although current findings promising, comprehensive longitudinal integrating approaches needed fully understand intricate relationships among maternal diet, Bridging these gaps could offer novel dietary strategies optimize during infancy, advancing early-life nutrition science.

Язык: Английский

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Development of a Breastfeeding and Lactation Medicine Division Over a Seven-Year Period: An Homage to Dr Ruth A. Lawrence

Breastfeeding Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025

Breastfeeding and Lactation Medicine (BFLM) programs at academic medical centers are uncommon but expanding. Our center, with a long legacy of leadership in BFLM, established BFLM program 2016 launched dedicated division 2022.

Язык: Английский

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