Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2024

The complex anatomy and biology of craniofacial bones pose difficulties in their effective precise reconstruction. Injectable hydrogels (IHs) with water-swollen networks are emerging as a shape-adaptive alternative for noninvasively rebuilding bones. advent versatile nanomaterials (NMs) customizes IHs strengthened mechanical properties therapeutically favorable performance, presenting excellent contenders over traditional substitutes. Structurally, NM-reinforced energy dissipative covalently crosslinked, providing the mechanics necessary to support structures physiological functions. Biofunctionally, incorporating unique NMs into IH expands plethora biological activities, including immunomodulatory, osteogenic, angiogenic, antibacterial effects, further favoring controllable dynamic tissue regeneration. Mechanistically, NM-engineered optimize physical traits direct cell responses, regulate intracellular signaling pathways, control release biomolecules, collectively bestowing structure-induced features multifunctionality. By encompassing state-of-the-art advances NM-integrated IHs, this review offers foundation future clinical translation bone

Язык: Английский