Critical Reviews in Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 20
Опубликована: Май 28, 2025
Almost
all
bacteria
have
peptidoglycan
(PG)
components
that
are
essential
for
virulence
and
absent
in
humans,
making
them
a
top-priority
target
antibiotics
vaccines.
The
rise
of
multidrug-resistant
(MRB)
necessitates
urgent
expansion
our
arsenal
inhibitors
targeting
the
PG
cell
wall.
This
review
addresses
understanding
biosynthesis
recycling
processes,
emphasizing
need
to
identify
novel
proteins
redesign
existing
PG-targeted
antimicrobial
peptides.
Building
on
wall
biochemistry
biogenesis
derived
from
Escherichia
coli,
we
also
aim
compare
elucidate
processes
other
pathogens,
such
as
Acinetobacter
baumannii
Salmonella
Typhimurium,
where
knowledge
remains
incomplete.
We
cover
detail
distinct
roles
PG-related
Gram-negative
bacteria,
strategies
block
biosynthesis/recycling
pathways,
their
potential
antibiotic
targets
address
growing
challenge
resistance.
Finally,
application
rigorous
immuno-informatics
analysis
several
immune
filters
construct
epitope-specific
vaccines
displaying
surface
outer
membrane
vesicles
(OMVs),
aiming
combat
MRB
proliferation.
Vaccine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
42(10), С. 2530 - 2542
Опубликована: Март 19, 2024
Chinese
Hamster
Ovary
(CHO)
cells,
employed
primarily
for
manufacturing
monoclonal
antibodies
and
other
recombinant
protein
(r-protein)
therapeutics,
are
emerging
as
a
promising
host
vaccine
antigen
production.
This
is
exemplified
by
the
recently
approved
CHO
cell-derived
subunit
vaccines
(SUV)
against
respiratory
syncytial
virus
(RSV)
varicella-zoster
(VZV),
well
enveloped
virus-like
particle
(eVLP)
hepatitis
B
(HBV).
Here,
we
summarize
design,
production,
immunogenicity
features
of
these
review
most
recent
progress
CHO-derived
in
pre-clinical
clinical
development.
We
also
discuss
challenges
associated
with
production
focus
on
ensuring
viral
clearance
eVLP
products.
Heliyon,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
10(5), С. e26887 - e26887
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024
Poly(I:C)
and
R848,
synthetic
ligands
that
activate
Toll-like
receptor
3
(TLR3)
TLR7/8
respectively,
have
been
well-established
for
their
ability
to
stimulate
the
immune
system
induce
antigen-specific
responses.
These
are
capable
of
inducing
production
cytokines
chemokines,
hence
support
activation
differentiation
B
T
cells.
We
saw
long-lasting
perdurable
responses
by
these
adjuvants
essentially
required
an
efficacious
subunit
vaccine.
In
this
study,
we
investigated
potential
poly(I:C)
R848
elicit
cell
OVA
antigen.
assessed
stimulatory
effects
on
system,
impact
activation,
enhanced
generation
Collectively,
our
findings
contribute
understanding
how
can
be
utilized
as
adjuvant
enhance
protein-based
vaccines.
end,
work
provides
insights
development
novel
vaccination
strategies
improving
vaccine
efficacy.
Present
shall
help
formulate
newer
vaccines
address
infectious
diseases.
Vaccines,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(12), С. 1382 - 1382
Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2024
Influenza
poses
a
significant
global
health
challenge
due
to
its
rapid
mutation
and
antigenic
variability,
which
often
leads
seasonal
epidemics
frequent
outbreaks.
Traditional
vaccines
struggle
offer
comprehensive
protection
because
of
mismatches
with
circulating
viral
strains.
The
development
broad-spectrum
vaccine
is
therefore
crucial.
This
paper
explores
the
potential
mRNA
technology
address
these
challenges
by
providing
swift,
adaptable,
broad
protective
response
against
evolving
influenza
We
detail
mechanisms
variation
in
viruses
discuss
design
production,
enhanced
immunogenicity,
encoding
multiple
antigens,
safety
stability
compared
traditional
methods.
By
leveraging
advantages,
represent
revolutionary
approach
prevention,
potentially
offering
significantly
improving
management
strategies.
Antibiotics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(10), С. 919 - 919
Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2024
The
prevalence
of
multidrug
resistance
(MDR)
and
stagnant
drug-development
pipelines
have
led
to
the
rapid
rise
hard-to-treat
antibiotic-resistant
bacterial
infections.
These
infectious
diseases
are
no
longer
just
nosocomial
but
also
becoming
community-acquired.
spread
MDR
has
reached
a
crisis
level
that
needs
immediate
attention.
landmark
O’Neill
report
projects
by
2050,
mortality
rates
associated
with
infections
will
surpass
individuals
afflicted
cancer.
Since
conventional
antimicrobials
very
reliable,
it
is
great
importance
investigate
different
strategies
combat
these
life-threatening
diseases.
Here,
we
provide
an
overview
recent
advances
in
viable
alternative
treatment
mainly
targeting
pathogen’s
virulence
capability
rather
than
viability.
Topics
include
small
molecule
immune
inhibition
factors,
quorum
sensing
(QS)
quenching,
biofilm
development,
bacteriophage-mediated
therapy,
manipulation
individual’s
macroflora
Abstract
Subunit
vaccines,
significant
in
next‐generation
vaccine
development,
offer
precise
targeting
of
immune
responses
by
focusing
on
specific
antigens.
However,
this
precision
often
comes
at
the
cost
eliciting
strong
and
durable
immunity,
posing
a
great
challenge
to
design.
To
address
limitation,
recent
advancements
nanoparticles
(NPs)
are
utilized
enhance
antigen
delivery
efficiency
boost
efficacy.
This
review
examines
how
physicochemical
properties
NPs
influence
various
stages
response
during
analyzes
different
NP
types
contribute
activation
performance.
It
then
explores
unique
characteristics
mechanisms
these
NPs,
along
with
their
advancements,
highlights
application
subunit
vaccines
infectious
diseases
cancer.
Finally,
it
discusses
challenges
NP‐based
development
proposes
future
directions
for
innovation
promising
field.
Vaccines,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(12), С. 1345 - 1345
Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2024
The
development
of
vaccines
against
RNA
viruses
has
undergone
a
rapid
evolution
in
recent
years,
particularly
driven
by
the
COVID-19
pandemic.
This
review
examines
key
roles
that
viruses,
with
their
high
mutation
rates
and
zoonotic
potential,
play
fostering
vaccine
innovation.
We
also
discuss
both
traditional
modern
platforms
impact
new
technologies,
such
as
artificial
intelligence,
on
optimizing
immunization
strategies.
evaluates
various
platforms,
ranging
from
approaches
(inactivated
live-attenuated
vaccines)
to
technologies
(subunit
vaccines,
viral
bacterial
vectors,
nucleic
acid
mRNA
DNA,
phage-like
particle
vaccines).
To
illustrate
these
platforms’
practical
applications,
we
present
case
studies
developed
for
SARS-CoV-2,
influenza,
Zika,
dengue.
Additionally,
assess
role
intelligence
predicting
mutations
enhancing
design.
underscore
successful
application
RNA-based
fight
COVID-19,
which
saved
millions
lives.
Current
clinical
trials
dengue
continue
show
promise,
highlighting
growing
efficacy
adaptability
platforms.
Furthermore,
is
driving
improvements
candidate
optimization
providing
predictive
models
evolution,
our
ability
respond
future
outbreaks.
Advances
technology,
success
highlight
potential
combating
viruses.
Ongoing
demonstrate
platform
adaptability,
while
enhances
design
mutations.
Integrating
innovations
One
Health
approach,
unites
human,
animal,
environmental
health,
essential
strengthening
global
preparedness
virus
threats.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2025
Strategically
targeting
lymph
nodes
(LNs)
to
orchestrate
the
initiation
and
regulation
of
adaptive
immune
responses
is
one
most
pressing
challenges
in
context
vaccination.
Herein,
a
series
polymer-TLR
agonist
conjugates
(PTACs)
developed
investigate
impact
dendritic-topological
characteristics
on
their
LN
activity
vivo,
molecular
weight
(MW)
pharmacokinetics
support
homing.
Notably,
dendritic
6-arm
PTAC
with
MW
60
kDa
(6A-PTAC-60k)
rapidly
delivered
cargo
draining
LNs
after
administration
peripheral
tissues.
Specifically,
this
topologic
structure
ameliorated
behavior
within
lymphatic
vessels
LNs,
including
an
elevated
amount
TLR7/8
improved
distribution
pattern
among
barrier
cells
cells,
increased
permeability,
prolonged
retention.
Furthermore,
6A-PTAC-60k
formulation
induced
broad
antibody
T
cell
responses,
enhancing
vaccine
immunogenicity
suppressing
tumor
growth.
The
results
revealed
that
both
topology
polymers
are
crucial
factors
for
immunoadjuvant
functional
which,
turn,
enhanced
formulation.
This
study
may
provide
chemical
structural
basis
optimizing
design
delivery
systems.
