Beyond organic farming – harnessing biodiversity-friendly landscapes

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 36(10), С. 919 - 930

Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2021

Biodiversity continues to decline rapidly, despite decades of repeated national and international policy efforts. Agricultural intensification is a major driver biodiversity losses, while conversion organic farming has been suggested as key technique halt or reverse this trend.In contrast widespread view, certified agriculture raises local richness species by just third when compared conventional farming. This achieved through waiving synthetic agrochemicals, but leads considerable yield requiring the more land obtain similar yields.Diversifying cropland reducing field size on landscape level can multiply in both without productivity.Complementing such increases heterogeneity with at least 20% seminatural habitat per should be recommendation current frameworks. We challenge appraisal that fundamental alternative for harnessing agricultural landscapes. Certification production largely restricted banning resulting limited benefits high losses ongoing specialisation. In contrast, successful measures enhance include diversifying size, which sustaining yields systems. Achieving landscape-level mosaic natural patches fine-grained diversification promoting large-scale biodiversity. needs urgently acknowledged makers an paradigm shift. decline, implementation conservation conventions, Convention Biological Diversity (1992), UN Decade (2011–2020), many other schemes, had little success [1.Kleijn D. et al.Does farmland contribute halting decline?.Trends Ecol. Evol. 2011; 26: 474-481Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (0) Google Scholar,2.Pe'er G. al.Adding some green greening: improving EU's ecological focus areas farmers.Conserv. Lett. 2017; 10: 517-530Crossref Scholar]. Agriculture considered main cause global [3.Sánchez-Bayo F. Wyckhuys K.A.G. Worldwide entomofauna: A review its drivers.Biol. 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B 282: 20141396Crossref could longer, 7-year period [26.Mäder uptake [58.Seufert al.Current contributions system.Agroecosyst. Divers. 2019: 435-452Crossref (7) Instead, trend intensify Scholar,59.Garibaldi L.A. Pérez-Méndez Positive outcomes employment worldwide.Ecol. 164: 106358Crossref (18) Scholar].Table 1Biodiversity scales, illustrated meta-analyses syntheses showing quantified estimatesMeasuresQuantified findingsRefsLocal scaleOff-field vs measuresMeasures areas, roughly enhancing richnes

Язык: Английский

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Rethinking biorational insecticides for pest management: unintended effects and consequences

Pest Management Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 76(7), С. 2286 - 2293

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2020

Abstract Biorational insecticides are composed of natural products, including animals, plants, microbes, and minerals, or their derivates. The use biorational products for the management insect pests has grown intensively in recent years, which increased popularity share on insecticide global market. Much these increases been derived from generalized perception that conventional have undesirable ecological human health impacts. However, idea simply replacing synthetic compounds with without considering potential unintended effects can mislead reduce market life such pest tools. A systematic literature survey encompassing over 15 000 scientific manuscripts published between 1945 2019 reinforces bias focusing studying targeted while overlooking detrimental environment (e.g. death negative sublethal pollinators beneficial arthropods as parasitoids predators). Thus, risks associated control failures, evolution resistance, shift dominance, outbreaks secondary primary pests) need to be revisited outcomes inquiry could decisive future programs. shortcomings regulatory processes, knowledge gaps, outlook discussed. © 2020 Society Chemical Industry

Язык: Английский

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Degradation of toxic agrochemicals and pharmaceutical pollutants: Effective and alternative approaches toward photocatalysis

Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 298, С. 118844 - 118844

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Exposure of insects to current use pesticide residues in soil and vegetation along spatial and temporal distribution in agricultural sites

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025

Abstract Current use pesticides (CUPs) are recognised as the largest deliberate input of bioactive substances into terrestrial ecosystems and one main factors responsible for current decline in insects agricultural areas. To quantify seasonal insect exposure landscape at a regional scale (Rhineland-Palatine Germany), we analysed presence multiple (93) active ingredients CUPs across three different cultivation types (with each fields: arable, vegetable, viticulture) neighbouring meadows. We collected monthly soil vegetation samples over year. A total 71 CUP residues mixtures was detected, with up to 28 25 single samples. The concentrations numbers fluctuated sampling period, peaking summer months but remaining almost constant topsoil. calculated in-field additive risks earthworms, collembola, soil-living wild bees using measured CUPs. Our results call need assess mixture low concentrations, chronically present Since this risk is not addressed regulation, emphasise urgent implement global pesticide reduction targets.

Язык: Английский

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Agrochemical treatments as a source of heavy metals and rare earth elements in agricultural soils and bioaccumulation in ground beetles

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 749, С. 141438 - 141438

Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Pesticide and resource stressors additively impair wild bee reproduction

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 287(1935), С. 20201390 - 20201390

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2020

Bees and other beneficial insects experience multiple stressors within agricultural landscapes that act together to impact their health diminish ability deliver the ecosystem services on which human food supplies depend. Disentangling effects of coupled is a primary challenge for understanding how promote populations ensure robust pollination services. We used crossed design quantify individual combined resource limitation pesticide exposure survival, nesting, reproduction blue orchard bee Osmia lignaria . Nesting females in large flight cages accessed wildflowers at high or low densities, treated with without common insecticide, imidacloprid. Pesticides acted additively dramatically reduce free-flying bees. Our results emphasize importance considering drivers inform population persistence, management, risk assessment long-term sustainability production natural ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Past insecticide exposure reduces bee reproduction and population growth rate

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 118(48)

Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2021

Pesticides are linked to global insect declines, with impacts on biodiversity and essential ecosystem services. In addition well-documented direct of pesticides at the current stage or time, potential delayed "carryover" effects from past exposure a different life may augment individuals populations. We investigated carryover insecticide individual vital rates population growth solitary bee, Osmia lignaria. Bees in flight cages freely foraged wildflowers, some treated common insecticide, imidacloprid, fully crossed design over 2 y, no each year. Insecticide directly foraging adults via reduced reproduction. Repeated across y additively impaired performance, leading nearly fourfold reduction bee growth. Exposure even single application can have persistent reduce for multiple generations. Carryover had profound implications persistence must be considered risk assessment, conservation, management decisions pollinators mitigate exposure.

Язык: Английский

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Peach–Potato Aphid Myzus persicae: Current Management Strategies, Challenges, and Proposed Solutions

Sustainability, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(14), С. 11150 - 11150

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2023

The peach–potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is one of the most important pests economic crops. It damages plant directly by consuming nutrients and water indirectly transmitting viruses. This pest has unenviable title having resistance to more insecticides than any other herbivorous insect pest. Due development its chemical pesticides, it necessary find control options. Consequently, increased efforts worldwide have been undertaken develop new management approaches for M. persicae. In this review, we highlight problems associated with importance, current approaches. review also describes challenges their potential solutions, special focus given evolution insecticidal sustainable strategies, such as biocontrol agents, entomopathogens, use natural plant-derived compounds, cultural methods. Furthermore, provides some successful from above eco-friendly strategies that show high efficacy against

Язык: Английский

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Widespread contamination of soils and vegetation with current use pesticide residues along altitudinal gradients in a European Alpine valley

Communications Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024

Abstract Pesticides are transferred outside of cropland and can affect animals plants. Here we investigated the distribution 97 current use pesticides in soil vegetation as central exposure matrices insects. Sampling was conducted on 53 sites along eleven altitudinal transects Vinschgau valley (South Tyrol, Italy), Europe’s largest apple growing area. A total 27 (10 insecticides, 11 fungicides 6 herbicides) were detected, originating mostly from orchards. Residue numbers concentrations decreased with altitude distance to orchards, but even detected at highest sites. Predictive, detection-based mapping indicates that pesticide mixtures occur anywhere floor mountain peaks. This study demonstrates widespread contamination Alpine environments, creating contaminated landscapes. As residue have been remote alpine ecosystems conservation areas, call for a reduction prevent further loss biodiversity.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of pesticides on non-target invertebrates in agricultural ecosystems

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 202, С. 105974 - 105974

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

Язык: Английский

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