The role of nitric oxide in sepsis-associated kidney injury

Bioscience Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 42(7)

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2022

Abstract Sepsis is one of the leading causes acute kidney injury (AKI), and several mechanisms including microcirculatory alterations, oxidative stress, endothelial cell dysfunction are involved. Nitric oxide (NO) common elements to all these mechanisms. Although three nitric synthase (NOS) isoforms constitutively expressed within kidneys, they contribute in different ways nitrergic signaling. While (eNOS) neuronal (nNOS) likely be main sources NO under basal conditions participate regulation renal hemodynamics, inducible isoform (iNOS) dramatically increased such as sepsis. The overexpression iNOS cortex a shunting blood this region, with consequent medullary ischemia Differences vascular reactivity among beds may also help explain failure condition. most vessels present vasoplegia do not respond vasoconstrictors, microcirculation behaves differently from nonrenal beds, displaying similar constrictor responses control septic conditions. selective inhibition iNOS, without affecting other isoforms, has been described ideal scenario. However, kidneys produced by important for immune defense. In sense, instead direct inhibition, targeting effectors guanylate cyclase, potassium channels, peroxynitrite, S-nitrosothiols, more interesting approach sepsis-AKI further investigation warranted.

Язык: Английский

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The route of SARS-CoV-2 to brain infection: have we been barking up the wrong tree?

Molecular Neurodegeneration, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Март 15, 2022

This letter draws attention to recent work supporting the notion that SARS-CoV-2 virus may use nervus terminalis rather than olfactory nerve as a shortcut route from nasal cavity infect brain.

Язык: Английский

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Dissecting the Molecular Mechanisms Surrounding Post-COVID-19 Syndrome and Neurological Features

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(8), С. 4275 - 4275

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2022

Many of the survivors novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are suffering from persistent symptoms, causing significant morbidity and decreasing their quality life, termed “post-COVID-19 syndrome” or “long COVID”. Understanding mechanisms surrounding PCS is vital to developing diagnosis, biomarkers, possible treatments. Here, we describe prevalence manifestations PCS, similarities with previous SARS epidemics. Furthermore, look at molecular behind neurological features where highlight important neural that may potentially be involved pharmacologically targeted, such as glutamate reuptake in astrocytes, role NMDA receptors transporters (EAAT2), ROS signaling, astrogliosis triggered by NF-κB KNDy neurons, hypothalamic networks involving Kiss1 (a ligand for G-protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54)), among others. We reactive gliosis following SARS-CoV-2 CNS injury, well potential hypothalamus network manifestations.

Язык: Английский

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Brain Fog: a Narrative Review of the Most Common Mysterious Cognitive Disorder in COVID-19

Molecular Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 61(12), С. 9915 - 9926

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Spike Protein Impairs Mitochondrial Function in Human Cardiomyocytes: Mechanisms Underlying Cardiac Injury in COVID-19

Cells, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(6), С. 877 - 877

Опубликована: Март 11, 2023

COVID-19 has a major impact on cardiovascular diseases and may lead to myocarditis or cardiac failure. The clove-like spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 facilitates its transmission pathogenesis. Cardiac mitochondria produce energy for key heart functions. We hypothesized that S1 would directly impair the functions cardiomyocyte mitochondria, thus causing dysfunction.

Язык: Английский

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